115國立彰化女中教甄英文科試題詳解

1. The stranded explorers wandered through the barren wasteland for months; as their supplies dwindled, they soon realized that no amount of foraging might ______ their appetites in such a desolate environment.

(A) simulate

(B) relinquish

(D) pulverize

【解析】句意為「受困的探險家們在荒涼的荒野中徘徊了數月；隨著物資減少，他們很快意識到，在如此荒涼環境中，再怎麼搜尋食物都無法_______他們的食慾。」語境顯示探險家極度飢餓，且物資匱乏，因此此處應填入「滿足」食慾，故正確答案為

satiate one’s hunger（填飽肚子）

be satiated with food（吃飽喝足）

After the huge Thanksgiving dinner, the family felt completely satiated.

在豐盛的感恩節大餐後，全家人都感到非常飽足。

同義詞：satisfy, gratify 反義詞：deprive, starve

(A) simulate 模擬；假裝

simulate a flight（模擬飛行） simulate illness（裝病）

Computer software can simulate different weather conditions for scientific research. 電腦軟體可以為科學研究模擬不同的天氣狀況。

同義詞：imitate, mock 反義詞：realize, authenticate

(B) relinquish 放棄；讓與

relinquish power（放棄權力） relinquish control（放棄控制）

He was forced to relinquish his seat on the board of directors.

他被迫放棄他在董事會的席位。

同義詞：surrender, abandon 反義詞：retain, keep

pulverize into dust（粉碎成灰塵） pulverized coal（煤粉）

The massive waves will eventually pulverize the rocks along the shoreline. 巨大的海浪最終會將海岸邊的岩石擊成碎石。

同義詞：crush, grind 反義詞：solidify, build

2. While being transported to the local hospital, the police officer _______ to his injuries caused by the shootout against the armed robbers.

(A) conjured

(B) succumbed

(D) exacerbated

【解析】句意為「在被送往當地醫院的途中，這名警官因與武裝搶匪槍戰所受的傷勢而_______。」

語境顯示警官在受傷後不幸身亡或屈服於傷勢，因此應填入「屈從；因……死亡」，故正確答案為

(B) succumbed 屈從；因……死亡

succumb to injuries（因傷重不治）

succumb to temptation（屈服於誘惑）

Despite the doctors’ best efforts, the patient succumbed to his wounds.

儘管醫生竭盡全力，病人仍因傷勢過重而去世。

同義詞：yield, surrender

反義詞：resist, withstand

(A) conjured 變出；召喚

conjure up memories（喚起回憶）

conjure a rabbit out of a hat（從帽子裡變出兔子）

The magician conjured a bouquet of flowers out of thin air.

魔術師憑空變出了一束花。

同義詞：summon, evoke

反義詞：dismiss, dispel

vacillate between choices（在選項間猶豫不決）

vacillate on an issue（對某議題立場動搖）

He vacillated between going to the party or staying home to study.

他在去參加派對還是留在家讀書之間猶豫不決。

同義詞：waver, hesitate

反義詞：decide, persist

(D) exacerbated 使惡化；加劇

exacerbate the problem（使問題惡化）

exacerbate the symptoms（使症狀加劇）

His aggressive comments only served to exacerbate the tense situation.

他挑釁的言論只會讓緊張局勢更加惡化。

同義詞：aggravate, worsen

反義詞：alleviate, improve

3. The university president ______ invited all the faculty members to the gala to celebrate the institution’s centenary.

(A) covertly

(B) capriciously

(D) cordially

【解析】句意為「大學校長_______邀請所有教職員參加晚宴，以慶祝該機構的百週年校慶。」

語境顯示這是一個正式且歡慶的場合，邀請的方式應是「誠摯地、熱誠地」，故正確答案為

(D) cordially 誠摯地；熱誠地

cordially invited（誠摯邀請）

cordially dislike（由衷厭惡）

You are cordially invited to attend our annual graduation ceremony.

誠摯邀請您參加我們的年度畢業典禮。

同義詞：warmly, sincerely

反義詞：coldly, aloofly

(A) covertly 秘密地；隱蔽地

covertly observe（秘密觀察）

covertly support（暗中支持）

The spy covertly entered the building to gather sensitive information.

間諜秘密進入大樓以蒐集敏感資訊。

同義詞：secretly, stealthily

反義詞：overtly, openly

(B) capriciously 反覆無常地；任性地

act capriciously（行為捉摸不定）

capriciously chosen（隨興選擇的）

The weather in the mountains changes capriciously, making it hard to plan trips.

山上的天氣變化無常，使得規劃行程變得很困難。

同義詞：erratically, unpredictably

反義詞：consistently, predictably

weep copiously（大哭）

drink copiously（豪飲）

She took notes copiously during the lecture to ensure she didn’t miss any detail.

她在講座期間做了大量的筆記，以確保沒有遺漏任何細節。

同義詞：abundantly, plentifully

反義詞：scantily, meagerly

4. European leaders are striving to secure safe passage for oil tankers in the Strait of Hormuz, where scattered attacks have ______ maritime traffic, threatening global energy stability.

(A) heralded

(B) bolstered

(D) throttled

【解析】句意為「歐洲領導人正努力確保油輪在荷姆茲海峽的安全通行，當地零星的攻擊事件已_______海上交通，威脅到全球能源的穩定。」

語境顯示攻擊事件對交通造成了阻礙或壓制，因此應填入「阻礙；勒住……的脖子；壓制」，故正確答案為

(D) throttled 阻礙；壓制；勒死

throttle economic growth（阻礙經濟成長）

at full throttle（全速地）

High taxes and excessive regulations have throttled the small business’s growth.

高稅收和過度的規範阻礙了這家小企業的成長。

同義詞：strangle, suppress

反義詞：promote, liberate

(A) heralded 預告；宣告

herald a new era（預示新時代的到來）

herald the arrival of spring（預告春天的到來）

The blooming of cherry blossoms heralded the beginning of spring.

櫻花的盛開預示了春天的開始。

同義詞：announce, proclaim

反義詞：conceal, hide

(B) bolstered 增強；支持

bolster one’s confidence（增強某人的信心）

bolster the economy（振興經濟）

The government took several measures to bolster the falling stock market.

政府採取了幾項措施來撐起下跌的股市。

同義詞：strengthen, reinforce

反義詞：undermine, weaken

emancipate slaves（解放奴隸）

emancipate from prejudice（從偏見中解脫）

Modern technology has emancipated many people from household drudgery.

現代科技使許多人從沉重的家務勞動中解脫出來。

同義詞：liberate, free

反義詞：enslave, imprison

5. The interior designer suggested that they ______ the velvet fabric over the sofa to create a luxurious and cozy atmosphere in the living room.

(A) wrench

(B) cull

(D) rescind

【解析】句意為「室內設計師建議他們將天鵝絨布料_______在沙發上，以在客廳營造出一種豪華且舒適的氛圍。」

語境顯示這是關於布置布料的動作，為了營造氣氛，應填入「垂掛；披蓋」，故正確答案為

drape a cloth over something（將布披在某物上）

be draped in flowers（裝飾著花朵）

She decided to drape a colorful silk scarf over the lampshade.

她決定將一條色彩繽紛的絲巾披在燈罩上。

同義詞：cover, hang

反義詞：strip, bare

(A) wrench 猛扭；扭傷

wrench a door open（用力扳開門）

wrench one’s ankle（扭傷腳踝）

He had to wrench the rusty bolt loose with a heavy tool.

他不得不使用重型工具用力將生鏽的螺栓扭開。

同義詞：twist, sprain

反義詞：fix, settle

(B) cull 挑選；（為控制數量而）撲殺

cull information（挑選資訊）

cull the herd（撲殺畜群）

The researchers had to cull relevant data from a massive amount of reports.

研究人員必須從大量的報告中挑選出相關數據。

同義詞：select, pick

反義詞：insert, add

(D) rescind 廢止；取消（法律、契約等）

rescind a contract（取消合約）

rescind a policy（廢除政策）

The company decided to rescind the job offer after the background check.

公司在背景調查後決定取消這項工作錄用。

同義詞：cancel, annul

反義詞：enact, enforce

6. The act of _________ whales for the mere sake of local tradition has enraged animal conservationists.

(A) deferring

(B) exalting

(D) culling

【解析】句意為「僅為了地方傳統而_______鯨魚的行為，激怒了動物保育人士。」

語境顯示這是指有計畫地殺害或挑選捕殺動物，因此應填入「（為控制數量或因特定目的）捕殺、挑選」，故正確答案為

(D) culling 捕殺；挑選

cull whales（捕殺鯨魚）

cull the weak animals（汰除弱小的動物）

The government plans to cull the deer population to protect the forest.

政府計畫捕殺部分鹿群以保護森林。

同義詞：slaughter, weed out

反義詞：breed, protect

(A) deferring 推遲；延期

defer a decision（推遲決定）

defer to someone’s opinion（順從某人的意見）

The committee decided to defer the meeting until next week.

委員會決定將會議延期至下週。

同義詞：postpone, delay

反義詞：advance, expedite

(B) exalting 讚揚；提升

exalt one’s status（提升地位）

exalt the beauty of nature（讚美自然之美）

The poet wrote many verses to exalt the virtues of the fallen hero.

詩人寫了許多詩句來讚美這位犧牲英雄的美德。

同義詞：praise, glorify

反義詞：humiliate, criticize

parley with the enemy（與敵人談判）

call a parley（要求會談）

The generals spent hours parleying in an attempt to reach a ceasefire.

將軍們花了數小時會談，試圖達成停火協議。

同義詞：negotiate, confer

反義詞：ignore, disregard

7. The professor’s argument was so ____ that even seasoned scholars found themselves reconsidering long-held assumptions.

(A) cogent

(B) porous

(D) frivolous

【解析】句意為「這位教授的論點是如此_______，以至於連資深學者都發現自己在重新考慮長期以來的假設。」

語境顯示論點非常有說服力且邏輯嚴密，足以動搖專家的看法，因此應填入「有說服力的；令人信服的」，故正確答案為

(A) cogent 有說服力的；令人信服的

cogent argument（有說服力的論點）

cogent evidence（強而有力的證據）

The lawyer presented a cogent case that convinced the jury of his client’s innocence.

律師提出了一個令人信服的案例，使陪審團相信他客戶的清白。

同義詞：convincing, persuasive

反義詞：unconvincing, weak

(B) porous 有孔的；能滲透的

porous rock（多孔岩石）

porous borders（易滲透的邊境）

The sponge is very porous, allowing it to absorb a lot of liquid quickly.

海綿有很多孔隙，使其能快速吸收大量液體。

同義詞：permeable, leaky

反義詞：impermeable, airtight

stagnant water（死水）

stagnant economy（停滯不前的經濟）

The stagnant air in the room made it difficult to breathe comfortably.

室內停滯不動的空氣讓人難以舒適地呼吸。

同義詞：motionless, inactive

反義詞：flowing, dynamic

(D) frivolous 輕浮的；草率的

frivolous lawsuit（無理取鬧的訴訟）

frivolous behavior（輕浮的行為）

Stop wasting your money on frivolous things that you don’t really need.

別再把錢浪費在你並非真正需要的瑣碎事物上了。

同義詞：silly, superficial

反義詞：serious, sensible

8. The diplomat’s ____ remarks defused tension and restored a sense of decorum to the heated debate.

(A) negligent

(B) abrasive

(D) erratic

【解析】句意為「這名外交官_______的言論化解了緊張局勢，並使激烈的辯論恢復了禮節。」

語境顯示外交官的言論起到了安撫、調停的作用，使氣氛緩和，因此應填入「願意和解的；安撫的」，故正確答案為

conciliatory gesture（和解的姿態）

conciliatory tone（安撫的語氣）

The company struck a conciliatory tone in negotiations with the labor union.

公司在與工會的談判中採取了和解的語氣。

同義詞：mollifying, placatory

反義詞：antagonistic, provocative

(A) negligent 疏忽的；失職的

negligent driving（疏忽駕駛）

negligent in one’s duties（玩忽職守）

The report stated that the accident was caused by negligent maintenance.

報告指出，這起事故是由於維修疏忽造成的。

同義詞：careless, remiss

反義詞：attentive, conscientious

(B) abrasive 粗魯的；磨蝕性的

abrasive personality（生硬粗魯的個性）

abrasive kitchen cleaner（磨蝕性廚房清潔劑）

His abrasive manner often alienated his colleagues and friends.

他那生硬粗魯的態度經常疏遠他的同事和朋友。

同義詞：harsh, rough

反義詞：gentle, smooth

(D) erratic 反覆無常的；古怪的

erratic behavior（古怪的行為）

erratic heartbeat（心律不整）

The stock market has been erratic lately, making investors very nervous.

最近股市表現反覆無常，讓投資者感到非常緊張。

同義詞：unpredictable, inconsistent

反義詞：stable, consistent

9. His explanation was dismissed as mere ____; it lacked substance and failed to address the central issue.

(A) monumental

(B) verbiage

(D) tapestry

【解析】句意為「他的解釋被視為純粹的_______而不予理會；這套說辭缺乏實質內容，且未能處理核心問題。」

語境顯示解釋過於冗長且毫無重點，因此應填入「贅詞；廢話」，故正確答案為

(B) verbiage 贅詞；廢話

cut through the verbiage（刪除冗詞贅字）

legal verbiage（法律術語廢話）

The editor asked the writer to remove the unnecessary verbiage from the article.

編輯要求作者刪除文章中不必要的贅詞。

同義詞：wordiness, prolixity

反義詞：conciseness, brevity

(A) monumental 巨大的；紀念性的

monumental task（艱巨的任務）

monumental achievement（偉大的成就）

Building the Great Wall was a monumental undertaking in human history.

建造長城是人類史上的一項壯舉。

同義詞：huge, historic

反義詞：insignificant, tiny

thick foliage（茂密的枝葉）

autumn foliage（秋葉）

The house was hidden from the road by dense foliage.

房子被茂密的枝葉擋住，從路上看不見。

同義詞：leaves, greenery

反義詞：bareness, leaflessness

(D) tapestry 織錦；掛毯；錯綜複雜的事物

rich tapestry（豐富多彩的畫面）

tapestry of life（生命織錦）

The history of this city is a rich tapestry of different cultures and traditions.

這座城市的歷史是不同文化與傳統交織而成的豐富圖卷。

同義詞：mosaic, fabric

反義詞：simplicity, plainness

A decade after fentanyl first appeared on San Francisco’s streets, the city still finds itself trapped between fragile optimism and an ongoing public health catastrophe — one that has claimed over 3,000 lives and defied every attempt to bring it under control. 20 However, initial reactions from officials and advocates were conspicuously restrained. San Francisco had long been regarded as a pioneer in harm reduction, noted for an approach based on treating drug users with compassion and respecting their autonomy rather than criminalizing their behavior. Having successfully navigated previous drug crises, including a heroin epidemic in the 1990s, the city leaders were confident in their existing strategies. 21 Early warnings were downplayed, and the opportunity for timely intervention was lost.(AB) Cheaper and far more potent than heroin, it gradually infiltrated the local drug supply.

Fentanyl’s spread was relentless and devastating. 22 It was often mixed into other substances without users’ awareness. As addiction grew, the preferred method of consumption shifted from injecting to smoking — a change that made drug use increasingly visible, with users gathering openly in public spaces across the city. Overdose fatalities rose sharply: from 21 deaths in 2016 to a catastrophic peak of 810 in 2023, the year when nine

people perished from overdoses within a single day.

23 Harm-reduction advocates pushed for supervised consumption sites and wider access to Narcan, the opioid-reversal medication, while critics condemned such measures as tacit endorsements of drug use. Caught between these competing constituencies,city leadership oscillated indecisively. The local policy lurched from enforcement-led crackdowns to compassion-based interventions without sustained commitment to either.

When overdose deaths fell by 21% in 2024, both camps rushed to claim credit. Yet the concurrent, near-identical decline recorded across cities in the US cast serious doubt on any such claim. The reduction was more likely to be attributable to a disruption in the fentanyl supply chain — stemming from cartel instability in Mexico and China’s tightening of chemical precursor exports — than to any municipal policy initiative. By the end of 2025,

the annual toll stood at 621, averaging approximately two fatalities per day. 24 This lack of direction leaves the city as vulnerable as ever to the next deadly batch.

(AC) The crisis exposed a deep and bitter divide in the city’s approach to drug policy.

(AD) The synthetic opioid claimed its first three victims in the city in October 2015.

(AE) Similar challenges have been observed in other metropolitan areas, leading to a global re-evaluation of drug control policies.

(BC) A decade into the crisis, San Francisco has neither defeated the epidemic nor reached any meaningful consensus on how to fight it.

(BD) This decline encouraged municipal leaders to double down on their existing initiatives.

(BE) This institutional confidence, however, proved not only misplaced but consequential

【解析】20. 正確答案：(AD) The synthetic opioid claimed its first three victims in the city in October 2015. 句意為「這種合成鴉片類藥物於 2015 年 10 月在該市奪走了首批三名受害者的生命。」語境分析：前文提到芬太尼首次出現在舊金山街頭的十年後，此處需要一個具體交代危機起點的句子。選項 (AD) 明確指出了 2015 年這個起始時間點。 The synthetic opioid claimed its first three victims（這種合成鴉片類藥物奪走了首批三名受害者） The synthetic opioid claimed its first three victims in the city in October 2015. 這種合成鴉片類藥物於 2015 年 10 月在該市奪走了首批三名受害者的生命。

21. 正確答案：(BE) This institutional confidence, however, proved not only misplaced but consequential. 句意為「然而，這種體制上的自信不僅被證明是錯置的，而且後果嚴重。」語境分析：前文提到城市領導對現有策略感到自信（confident），後文提到早期警報被忽視。選項 (BE) 的 “institutional confidence” 正好承接前文，並轉折指出這種自信帶來的負面影響。 misplaced confidence（錯置的自信；盲目自信） This institutional confidence, however, proved not only misplaced but consequential. 然而，這種體制上的自信不僅被證明是錯置的，而且後果嚴重。同義詞：misguided, erroneous 反義詞：well-founded, justified

22. 正確答案：(AB) Cheaper and far more potent than heroin, it gradually infiltrated the local drug supply. 句意為「芬太尼比海洛因更便宜且效力更強，它逐漸滲透進當地的毒品供應中。」語境分析：前文描述芬太尼的散布是無情且毀滅性的。此處需要解釋其為何能如此迅速擴散。選項 (AB) 提到其成本低、效力強（potent）以及滲透（infiltrated）供應鏈的過程。 infiltrate the supply（滲透供應鏈） Cheaper and far more potent than heroin, it gradually infiltrated the local drug supply. 芬太尼比海洛因更便宜且效力更強，它逐漸滲透進當地的毒品供應中。同義詞：penetrate, permeate 反義詞：extract, withdraw

23. 正確答案：(AC) The crisis exposed a deep and bitter divide in the city’s approach to drug policy. 句意為「這場危機暴露了該市在毒品政策方針上的深層且痛苦的分歧。」語境分析：後文提到減害支持者與批評者之間的對立，以及領導層的游移不定。選項 (AC) 的 “deep and bitter divide” 完美概括了後文描述的社會與政策對立現狀。 bitter divide（嚴重的分歧；痛苦的裂痕）

The crisis exposed a deep and bitter divide in the city’s approach to drug policy. 這場危機暴露了該市在毒品政策方針上的深層且痛苦的分歧。同義詞：split, schism 反義詞：consensus, unity

24. 正確答案：(BC) A decade into the crisis, San Francisco has neither defeated the epidemic nor reached any meaningful consensus on how to fight it. 句意為「危機進入第十年，舊金山既沒有戰勝這場流行病，也沒有就如何對抗它達成任何實質性的共識。」語境分析：後文提到「這種方向感的缺乏（This lack of direction）」。選項 (BC) 提到未能達成共識（consensus），正好呼應了後文的方向缺失。 reach a consensus（達成共識） A decade into the crisis, San Francisco has neither defeated the epidemic nor reached any meaningful consensus on how to fight it. 危機進入第十年，舊金山既沒有戰勝這場流行病，也沒有就如何對抗它達成任何實質性的共識。

同義詞：agreement, accord 反義詞：disagreement, conflict

The successful launch of Artemis II, carrying 3 American and 1 Canadian crew, was the most celebrated event in early April, 2026. It is hailed as the first crewed mission to the Moon in over 50 years. After the dramatic launch, the Orion capsule will detach from the SLS’s upper stage and orbit Earth several times. Once the crew has checked out their spacecraft’s system, they will fire its mighty main engine to send them towards the Moon. Several days later, their capsule will loop around the Moon before returning to Earth and splashing down in the ocean, blackened and hissing after a fiery re-entry through Earth’s atmosphere.

Despite all of the hype, some skeptics might ask, “Didn’t we already do that half a century ago? Isn’t this just Apollo 8 again?”

The answer is “Yes” and “No.”

On 21 December 1968, a Saturn V rocket blasted off from the same nub of Florida coast, on what was then the most ambitious, audacious and dangerous crewed space mission ever attempted: Apollo 8. It was a mission of incredible firsts: the first time that astronauts had ridden the enormous, powerful Saturn V into space; the first time human beings had left Earth orbit; and the first time the children of Earth had flown to the Moon. They then returned to Earth without a hitch, having taken invaluable measurements and images needed to land Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the Moon months later.

The most obvious difference between Artemis II and Apollo 8, and perhaps the greatest criticism of the modern mission, is that the Artemis II crew won’t get to look down on the Moon from orbit because they’re just going to go around it once. So why go all that way just to loop around the Moon without stopping to enjoy the view? While Artemis II’s long lunar loop might seem like a hugely wasted opportunity, it is not.

Apollo 8 was essentially a test flight to check that a spacecraft could keep its crew alive on a trip to the Moon and bring them back safely to Earth, and Artemis II is much more than that. Artemis II will be the first time astronauts have ridden the huge SLS rocket into space. That’s a big deal. If anything goes catastrophically wrong with the rocket during launch, or ever if it just gets stuck on the pad, NASA’s plans to mount a crewed lunar landing before 2030 will be thrown into disarray. It will almost certainly mean Chinese astronauts -taikonauts- will set their boots and plant their flag into the dust of the lunar south pole years before NASA astronauts do.

In addition, Artemis II will likely carry human beings deeper into space than human beings have ever been before. The previous record was set unintentionally by the crew of Apollo 13 as on their failed lunar landing attempt in 1970.

The Artemis II crew will also see, and take photographs of, areas of the far side of the Moon never seen by human eyes before. Because of the Apollo missions’ orbital tracks, their low altitude and the phases of the Moon during their missions, Apollo crews only had limited view of the Moon’s surface and were only able to see and photograph narrow strips of it. From their much higher fly-by altitude, the Artemis II crew will get to see much wider fields of view of both the Moon’s near and far sides than those witnessed by any of the Apollo crews. In other words, they will be the first human eyes to ever look down on the craters on the other side of the moon.

25. What is the purpose of this passage? (Artemis II vs Apollo 8)

(A) To introduce the history of the Apollo 8 missions.

(B) To speculate the success rate of Artemis II.

(D) To warn readers of the Chinese advance in space technology.

26. What does the word audacious in the second paragraph mean?

(A) Relentless.

(B) Valiant.

(D) Judicious.

27. What is not one of the “firsts” accomplished by the Apollo 8 mission?

(A) Carrying astronauts outside the earth’s orbit.

(B) Taking pictures of the earth from space.

(D) Landing astronauts on the moon.

28. According to the passage, Artemis II will not _____________________.

(A) plant flags on the lunar south pole

(B) break the previous record of the deepest space trip

(D) take the bird’s eye view of the dark side of the moon

【解析】這篇文章探討了 2026 年阿提米絲 2 號（Artemis II）任務的歷史意義，並將其與 1968 年的阿波羅 8 號（Apollo 8）進行深度對比。

25. What is the purpose of this passage?

句意為「這篇文章的目的為何？」

語境顯示文章從阿提米絲 2 號的發射談起，隨後詳細比較其與阿波羅 8 號的異同、任務目標及技術差異，故正確答案為

compare the differences（比較差異）

purpose of the study（研究目的）

The author wrote this article to compare the Apollo 8 and Artemis II missions.

作者撰寫本文是為了比較阿波羅 8 號與阿提米絲 2 號任務。

同義詞：contrast, juxtapose

反義詞：ignore, disregard

________________________________________

26. What does the word audacious in the second paragraph mean?

句意為「第二段中的 audacious 一詞是什麼意思？」

語境中提到阿波羅 8 號是當時最野心勃勃（ambitious）且危險（dangerous）的任務，顯示該詞意指「大膽的、英勇的」，故正確答案為

(B) Valiant. 英勇的；勇敢的

audacious plan（大膽的計畫）

valiant effort（英勇的努力）

It was an audacious decision to launch the mission under such risky conditions.

在如此冒險的情況下啟動任務是一個大膽的決定。

同義詞：daring, bold

反義詞：cautious, cowardly

________________________________________

27. What is not one of the “firsts” accomplished by the Apollo 8 mission?

句意為「下列何者不是阿波羅 8 號任務所達成的『第一』？」

語境顯示阿波羅 8 號繞行月球並返回，但文中明確提到「幾個月後才讓阿姆斯壯與艾德林登陸月球」，因此阿波羅 8 號並未登陸，故正確答案為

(D) Landing astronauts on the moon. 將太空人送上月球登陸。

accomplish a goal（達成目標）

lunar landing（月球登陸）

Apollo 8 reached the Moon’s orbit, but it didn’t involve landing astronauts on the moon.

阿波羅 8 號到達了月球軌道，但並不包含將太空人送上月球登陸。

同義詞：achieve, fulfill

反義詞：fail, abandon

________________________________________

28. According to the passage, Artemis II will not _____________________.

句意為「根據本文，阿提米絲 2 號不會_______。」

語境中提到如果阿提米絲計畫失敗，中國太空人（taikonauts）可能會比美國早幾年登陸月球並插旗，而阿提米絲 2 號目前的任務只是「繞月飛行（loop around the Moon）」，並不包含實際登陸插旗，故正確答案為

(A) plant flags on the lunar south pole 在月球南極插上旗幟。

plant a flag（插旗）

lunar south pole（月球南極）

Artemis II will only loop around the Moon and will not plant flags on the lunar south pole.

阿提米絲 2 號只會繞月飛行，不會在月球南極插上旗幟。

同義詞：place, set up

反義詞：remove, uproot

Ethnic conflict has long been a recurring challenge in human societies, often arising when diverse groups with distinct cultural, linguistic, or religious identities coexist within the same political or geographical boundaries. While diversity itself can enrich societies, tensions emerge when differences are politicized, resources are unequally distributed, or historical grievances remain unresolved. Understanding the roots and dynamics of ethnic conflict is crucial for building more inclusive and peaceful communities.

At its core, ethnic conflict is rarely about cultural differences alone. Instead, it often stems from competition over power, territory, and resources. When one group perceives itself as marginalized or excluded from political representation, economic opportunities, or social recognition, resentment can grow. For example, in multi-ethnic states, dominant groups may control government institutions, leaving minority communities feeling voiceless. This imbalance fosters mistrust and can escalate into open confrontation.

Historical memory plays a significant role in shaping ethnic tensions. Many conflicts are fueled by collective narratives of past injustices—colonial exploitation, forced assimilation, or violent repression. These memories are passed down through generations, reinforcing group identity and deepening divisions. In some cases, political leaders exploit these narratives to mobilize support, framing ethnic identity as a rallying point against perceived threats. Such rhetoric can transform cultural differences into rigid boundaries, making reconciliation more difficult.

Another factor is economic disparity. When ethnic groups are unevenly distributed across social classes or geographic regions, inequality becomes intertwined with identity. A minority group concentrated in poorer rural areas may feel excluded from national development, while wealthier groups in urban centers enjoy privileges. This economic gap intensifies perceptions of injustice, turning social inequality into ethnic grievance. In extreme cases, competition for resources such as land, water, or employment opportunities can spark violent clashes.

Religion often intersects with ethnicity, adding another layer of complexity. When religious affiliation overlaps with ethnic identity, conflicts can acquire a moral or spiritual dimension. This makes compromise harder, as disputes are framed not only in terms of material interests but also sacred values. In such contexts, dialogue requires sensitivity to both cultural and spiritual concerns.

The consequences of ethnic conflict are profound. At the societal level, it undermines trust, weakens institutions, and disrupts economic development. Communities fractured by violence struggle to rebuild cohesion, and displaced populations face long-term challenges in resettlement. On a global scale, ethnic conflicts often spill across borders, creating refugee crises and destabilizing neighboring states. Moreover, prolonged conflict can erode democratic governance, as governments resort to authoritarian measures to maintain control.

Yet, ethnic diversity does not inevitably lead to conflict. Many societies demonstrate that coexistence is possible when institutions promote fairness, representation, and dialogue. Policies that recognize minority rights, encourage cultural exchange, and ensure equitable resource distribution can reduce tensions. Education also plays a vital role in fostering mutual understanding, challenging stereotypes, and highlighting shared values across groups.

Ultimately, the challenge lies in transforming diversity from a source of division into a foundation for unity. This requires not only political will but also grassroots efforts to build trust among communities. Dialogue, reconciliation, and inclusive governance are essential tools for addressing grievances and preventing escalation. By acknowledging historical wounds while promoting equitable participation, societies can move beyond cycles of conflict toward more resilient and harmonious futures.

In conclusion, ethnic conflict is a multifaceted phenomenon shaped by politics, history, economics, and identity. While its consequences are often destructive, it also presents an opportunity for societies to confront inequality and reimagine coexistence. The path forward lies in recognizing diversity as a strength, ensuring justice for all groups, and cultivating a shared vision of belonging. Only then can the destructive potential of ethnic divisions be transformed into a force for collective progress.

29. Which of the following is identified in the passage as a primary cause of ethnic conflict?

(A) Differences in thinking and mindset.

(B) Competition over political power and resources.

(D) Excessive migration between urban and rural areas.

30. According to the passage, why do historical memories often intensify ethnic tensions?

(A) They encourage groups to forget past injustices.

(B) They lay the foundations for reconciliation and cohesion.

(D) They eliminate the need for political representation.

31. Which one is true about the consequences of ethnic conflicts?

(A) They are impenetrable barriers for different ethnic groups.

(B) They may also pose a potential threat to neighboring states.

(D) The displaced population will build inclusive governments.

32. Which strategy is suggested in the passage as a way to reduce ethnic tensions?

(A) Promoting cultural exchange and equitable resource distribution.

(B) Prioritizing cultural and spiritual concerns.

(D) Resorting to authoritarian measures to maintain national unity.

【解析】這篇文章深入探討了族群衝突（ethnic conflict）的成因、動態影響以及如何建立和諧社會。以下是各題號的正確選項與詳細解析：

29. Which of the following is identified in the passage as a primary cause of ethnic conflict?

句意為「文中提到族群衝突的主要原因為何？」

語境顯示第二段明確指出：族群衝突核心很少僅是文化差異，而是源於「對權力、領土和資源的競爭（competition over power, territory, and resources）」，故正確答案為

(B) Competition over political power and resources. 政治權力與資源的競爭。

stem from（源自於）

political representation（政治代表權）

The conflict between the two groups stems from intense competition over resources.

這兩組群體之間的衝突源於對資源的激烈競爭。

同義詞：rivalry, struggle

反義詞：cooperation, collaboration

30. According to the passage, why do historical memories often intensify ethnic tensions?

句意為「根據本文，為什麼歷史記憶往往會加劇族群緊張局勢？」

語境顯示第三段提到歷史記憶紀錄了過去的不公，這些記憶代代相傳，「強化了群體認同並加深了分歧（reinforcing group identity and deepening divisions）」，故正確答案為

reinforce identity（強化認同）

historical grievance（歷史冤屈/不滿）

Collective narratives of past suffering can reinforce group identity and fuel resentment.

對過去苦難的集體敘事會強化群體認同並激起憤恨。

同義詞：strengthen, bolster

反義詞：weaken, undermine

31. Which one is true about the consequences of ethnic conflicts?

句意為「關於族群衝突的後果，下列敘述何者正確？」

語境顯示第六段提到族群衝突會跨越邊界，「造成難民危機並使鄰國動盪（creating refugee crises and destabilizing neighboring states）」，故正確答案為

(B) They may also pose a potential threat to neighboring states. 它們也可能對鄰國構成潛在威脅。

destabilize a region（使區域動盪）

spill across borders（蔓延至境外/邊境）

The prolonged civil war began to destabilize neighboring states due to the influx of refugees.

由於難民湧入，長期的內戰開始使鄰國陷入動盪。

同義詞：upset, weaken

反義詞：stabilize, secure

32. Which strategy is suggested in the passage as a way to reduce ethnic tensions?

句意為「文中建議哪種策略作為減輕族群緊張的方法？」

語境顯示第七段提到，當制度促進公平與對話時，共存是可能的。具體政策包括「承認少數群體權利、鼓勵文化交流及確保資源公平分配」，故正確答案為

(A) Promoting cultural exchange and equitable resource distribution. 促進文化交流與公平的資源分配。

equitable distribution（公平分配）

cultural exchange（文化交流）

The government implemented policies to ensure the equitable distribution of wealth.

政府實施政策以確保財富的公平分配。

同義詞：fair, unbiased

反義詞：unfair, skewed

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