spend 文法
定義：spend 用於花費多少「時間或金錢」在「某物或某事」上，主詞只能是「人」(人名或人稱代名詞)。
花費多少時間問句
| 疑問詞＋time | 助動詞 | 主詞 | 動詞 | 動詞ing＋名詞（地方副詞／時間副詞）？ on＋名詞？ |
| How much time | did | you | spend | doing your homework? on your homework? |
(你花多久時間做你的回家作業?)
spend花費時間及金錢文法句型
spend若意思是「花費」時，主詞必須是「人」，可用於花費「時間」或「金錢」， spend（動詞三態為：spend、spent、spent）
| 人（主詞） | spend / spent | 時間 金錢 $ | (in) V-ing. |
| on 名詞. |
Frank spends a lot of time playing baseball every day.
（Frank每天花很多時間打棒球。）
Frank spent a lot of money on the beautiful ring.
（Frank花了很多錢買那個美麗的戒指。）
詢問花費多少錢疑問句句型
How much money＋助動詞＋人＋spend＋V-ing /on＋名詞…?
How much money does Sally spend on clothes every month?
（Sally每個月花多少錢在衣服上？）
How much time＋助動詞＋人＋spend＋V-ing /on＋名詞…?
How much time does Kathy spend studying English every day?
（Kathy每天花多少時間研讀英文？）
1. 我每週花三小時練習中文。
I spend three hours practicing Chinese every week.
→ I spend three hours on Chinese every week.
2. 他花了九十元買一杯咖啡。
He spent ninety dollars buying a cup of coffee.
→ He spent ninety dollars on a cup of coffee.
3. Mary上週花了四天寫報告。
Mary spent four days writing the report last week.
→ Mary spent four days on the report last week.
4.Wendy 昨天花了一小時種花。
Wendy spent one hour planting flowers yesterday.
→Wendy spent one hour on the flowers.
spent花時間文法練習
1.我每天都花半小時在玩手機。
I spend half an hour playing games on my cellphone every day.
2.Paul上個星期日花了三個半小時清理房子。
Paul spent three hours cleaning the house last Sunday.
3.The boy spends an hour reading every day.（依畫線部分造問句）
How much time does the boy spend reading every day?
4.How much time do your sisters spend going shopping every Sunday?（回答二小時）
They spend two hours going shopping every Sunday.
5. Sally每個月花多少錢在衣服上？
How much money does Sally spend on clothes every month?
6. . 我每週花三小時練習日文。
I spend three hours practicing Japanese every week.
→ I spend three hours on Japanese every week.
cost 花金錢
定義：用來表示「花費金錢」，主詞必須是「物品」或「事情」。
| 疑問詞 | 助動詞 | 名詞 | 原形動詞 | （受詞）？ |
| How much | did | the book | cost | (you)? |
(這本書花了你/你們多少錢?)
| 代名詞 | 動詞 | 受詞 | 金錢 | （to buy＋物品）. |
| It | cost | me/us | five hundred dollars | (to buy the book). |
(它花了我五百元。)
cost花金錢答句
(1) 以「普通名詞」或「動名詞（V-ing）」當主詞
| 普通名詞動名詞（V-ing） | cost(s) / cost | （人） | 金錢 |
| The bus ticket | costs | me | NT$100. |
| Buying the concert ticket | costs | me | NT$1450. |
(這張公車票值新臺幣一百元)
(買這張票花了我台幣一千四百五十元。)
(2)以「虛主詞It」當主詞，用以取代其後的「不定詞」（to V）
| 代名詞 | 動詞 | 受詞 | 金錢 | （to buy＋物品）. |
| It | cost | me/us | five hundred dollars | (to buy the book). |
(它花了我五百元。)
cost花錢文法練習
1. Tina 花了多少錢買牛排?
How much did the steak cost Tina? (較佳)
How much did it cost Tina to buy the steak?(綴述)
2. 三條麵包多少錢?
How much did three loaves of bread cost?
3. Maria上星期六在這間飯店住一晚就花了七千元。
It cost Maria seven thousand dollars to stay in this hotel for one night last Saturday.
4. 在停車場停車總是會花我四十元。
It always cost me forty dollars to park my car in the parking garage.
5. 買一臺車要花多少錢？How much does it cost to buy a car?
6. 去美國旅行花了你多少錢？How much did it cost you to take a trip to the USA?
7. 這台i phone 13多少錢？ How much does the i phone 13 cost ?
8. 他花了三萬元買沙發。 It cost him $30,000 to buy the sofa.
9. 我以前花了很多錢學英文。 I spent a lot of money on English before.
→ It cost me a lot of money to study English before.
take花費時間文法
使用take會有兩種型式的句子。第一種是採用「動名詞」，第二種是採用「虛主詞」。
(1)「動名詞」
| 普通名詞動名詞（V-ing） | take(s) / took | （人） | 時間 |
| The report | took | me | thirty minutes |
| Cooking dinner (often) | takes | my mom | half an hour. |
（這份報告花了我三十分鐘。）
（煮晚餐常常花我媽媽半個小時。）
(2)「虛主詞」
| 代名詞 | take(s)/took | 人(受詞) | 時間 | （to VR）. |
| It | took | me | ten minutes | to wash the dishes last night. |
(昨天晚上我花了十分鐘洗碗。)
take花費時間練習題
1.事實上，大多數的警察花費很少的時間處理暴力犯罪。
In fact, the majority of officers spend only a small fraction of their time responding to violent crime.
2. 種稻米花了農夫三個月的時間。
動名詞當主詞：Growing the rice takes the farmer three months.
虛主詞當主詞：It takes the farmer three months to grow the rice.
3. Cindy花了很多時間才解決這個問題。
動名詞當主詞：Solving the problem took Cindy a lot of time.
虛主詞當主詞：It took Cindy a lot of time to solve the problem.
4. Jimmy 花了三小時修理車子。
動名詞當主詞：Fixing the car took Jimmy there hours.
虛主詞當主詞：It took Jimmy three hours to fix the car.
take花費時間
| How long | 助動詞 | it | 原形動詞＋（受詞） | 不定詞＋原形動詞＋受詞 | （時間副詞）? |
| How long | does | it | take (you) | to clean the kitchen | every day? |
| 虛主詞 | 動詞 | （受詞） | 時間 | 不定詞＋原形動詞＋受詞 | （時間副詞）. |
| It | takes | (me) | thirty minutes | to clean the kitchen | every day. |
Q：Paul上星期日花了多少時間打籃球？ A：他花了三小時打籃球。
Q: How long did it take Paul to play the basketball?
A: It took him one hour to play the basketball.
How long文法
1.你每天花多少時間慢跑?
How long do you spend jogging every day?
=How long do you spend going jogging every day?
= How long does it take you to jog every day?
= How long does it take you to go jogging every day?
2.他們每週花多少時間做回家作業?
How long do they spend on the homework every week?
= How long does it take them to do the homework every week?
3.他以前花多少時間游泳?
How long did he spend swimming before?
How long did he spend going swimming before?
= How long did it take him to swim before?
4.Judy昨天花了多少時間唱歌?
1.How long did Judy spend singing yesterday?
2.How long did it take Judy to sing yesterday?
5.她花了一小時唱歌。
1.She spent an hour singing.
2.It took her an hour to sing.
cost與spend互換
cost跟spend同樣都可以用來表示花錢，但是spend是用「人」當主詞，而cost則是用「物品」或「事情」當主詞。
cost與spend互換練習題
1. 這支手機花費Jessie三千元。
This cellphone cost Jessie twenty thousand dollars.
Jessie spent twenty thousand dollars on this cellphone.
2. Ben昨晚花了三千元吃大餐。
Ben spent three thousand dollars having a great meal last night.
It cost Ben three thousand dollars to have a great meal last night.
3. 她今天早上花了50元買了花。
She spent fifty dollars on/buying the flower this morning.
The flower cost her fifty dollars this morning.
It cost her fifty dollars to buy the flower this morning.
花費時間spend與take互換用法
| 動詞 | 用法 | 句型與例句 |
| spend | 1. 主詞為「人」。 2. 可以表達「花費時間／金錢」。 | 1. 人＋spend＋時間＋on＋事物. 2. 人＋spend＋時間＋V-ing… May spent a lot of time onthe housework. （May 花了很多時間做家事。） ＝May spent a lot of time doing the housework. |
| take | 1. 主詞通常為「事物或虛主詞 it」。 2. 只能表達「花費時間」。 | 1. 事物＋take＋人＋時間. 2. It＋takes＋人＋時間＋to V… (1) The housework took me a lot of time. （這份報告花了我很多時間完成。） ＝It took me five hours to do the report. (2) Doing the laundry took me half an hour. （洗衣服花了我半小時。） ＝It took me half an hour to do the laundry. |
1. Mary spent one hour ______ (take) the hot air balloon ride. taking
→ Mary spent one hour ______ the hot air balloon ride. on
2. It took Tim two years ______(change) his bad habits. to change
3. It took Ray thirty minutes ______ (get) to the church. to get
4.我花了一小時騎腳踏車。
I spent one hour riding a bike.
=It took me one hour to ride a bike.
5.他每天花三小時玩手遊。
He spends three hours playing games on his cellphone every day.
=It takes him three hours to play games on his cellphone every day.
6.我們花了二百元在書本上。We spent two hundred dollars on the book.
7.他每天花二十元買花。
He spends twenty dollars buying the flowers.
=He spends twenty dollars on the flowers.
take與spend互換練習題
1. John飯後花五分鐘喝一杯茶。
It takes John five minutes to drink a cup of tea after meal.
John spends five minutes drinking a cup of tea after meal.
2. Peggy花了半小時走路回家。
Peggy spent half an hour walking home.
It took Peggy half an hour to walk home.
cost、spend、take總複習
| 項目 | 主詞 | 動詞 | 例句 |
| 花錢 | 人 | spend | Tina spent one million dollars studying abroad. |
| 事物 | cost | It cost Tina one million dollars to study abroad. | |
| 花時間 | 人 | spend | I spent seven years finishing my PhD. |
| 事物 | take | It took me seven years to finish my PhD. |
How much 花多少錢文法
問句1： How much＋did＋物＋cost（＋人）?
問句2： How much＋did＋it＋cost（＋人）＋to＋做某事／買某物?
問句3： How much＋did＋人＋spend＋V-ing…?
→意指「（某人）花了多少錢做某事／買某物？」
答句1：物＋cost（＋人）＋錢.
答句2： It cost（＋人）＋錢＋to＋做某事／買某物.
答句3：人＋spent＋錢＋V-ing….→意指「做某事／買某物花了（某人）多少錢。」
pay付費文法
人 pay 錢 for 物 ( 某人為了某物付了多少錢)
I paid five hundred dollars for the dress. 我為了這件洋裝付了5百元。
A pay B錢= A pay錢to B.
I worked for Mary, so she paid three thousand dollars to me.
I worked for Mary, so she paid me three thousand.
pay for 事物付錢買…(事物) It’s your turn to pay for dinner. 這次輪到你付晚餐錢了
pay for 人 為…(人)付錢
I forgot to bring my wallet. Could you please pay for me? 我忘記帶錢包，可以請你先幫我付錢嗎?
pay 人錢 付錢給…(人) When will you pay me the money? 你何時要付錢給我?
pay 人 back 還錢給…(人) If you want to borrow any money from me, remember to pay me back. 假如你想要跟我借錢，記得要還我。
take的用法 （動詞三態為：take、took、taken）
1. take若意思是「花費」時，僅能表達花費「時間」，主詞可以使用以下兩種方式：
(1) 以「普通名詞」或「動名詞（V-ing）」當主詞
| 普通名詞 | take(s) / took | （人） | 時間 ¹. |
| 動名詞（V-ing） |
The homework took me thirty minutes.（這份回家作業花了我三十分鐘。）
Cooking lunch often takes my mom half an hour.（煮午飯常常花我媽媽半個小時。）
以「虛主詞it」當主詞，用以取代其後的「不定詞」（to V）
| It | takes / took | （人） | 時間 ¹ | to V. |
It took Ella two hours to fix the toy.（Ella花兩小時修理那個玩具。）
It took Sara half a day to clean the house yesterday. （昨天Sara花了半天的時間打掃房子。）
若詢問「時間長短」，可與疑問詞 How long…? 連用
| How long | 助動詞 | 名詞 | take? | ||
| it | take | （人） | to V? | ||
How long does the English radio program take? （這個英語廣播節目時間有多長？）
How long did it take Lisa to prepare these Christmas presents? （Lisa花多久時間準備這些聖誕禮物？）
cost的用法 （動詞三態為：cost、cost、cost）
cost若意思是「價值」或「花費」時，僅能用於花費「金錢」，主詞可以使用以下兩種方式：
(1) 以「普通名詞」或「動名詞（V-ing）」當主詞
| 普通名詞 | cost(s) / cost | （人） | 金錢 $. |
| 動名詞（V-ing） |
The bus ticket costs NT$100. （這張公車票值新臺幣一百元。）
Buying the cake cost me NT$45. （買這個蛋糕花了我新臺幣四十五元。）
以「虛主詞It」當主詞，用以取代其後的「不定詞」（to V）
| It | costs / cost | （人） | 金錢 $ | to V. |
It costs five hundred dollars to buy the green T-shirt. （這件綠T恤值五百元。）
It cost David one thousand dollars to buy the shoes. （大衛花了一千元買這雙鞋子。）
若詢問「價錢多少」，可與疑問詞 How much…? 連用，句型如下：
句型A：
| How much | 助動詞 | 物品（主詞） | cost? |
How much do the gloves cost?（這雙手套值多少錢？）
句型B：
| How much | 助動詞 | it | cost | （人） | to V? |
How much does it cost to buy a car?（買一臺車要花多少錢？）
How much did it cost you to take a trip to the island? （去這座島嶼旅行花了你多少錢？）
1. 這臺錄音機多少錢？
How much does the tape recorder cost ?
2. 他花了三萬元買兩組沙發。
It cost him $30,000 to buy two couches.
3. 我以前花了很多錢學英文。
I spent a lot of money on English before.
→ It cost me a lot of money to study English before.
「某物花了某人多少錢」的句型結構
問句1： How much＋did＋物＋cost（＋人）?
問句2： How much＋did＋it＋cost（＋人）＋to＋做某事／買某物?
問句3： How much＋did＋人＋spend＋V-ing…?
→意指「（某人）花了多少錢做某事／買某物？」
答句1： 物＋cost（＋人）＋錢.
答句2： It cost（＋人）＋錢＋to＋做某事／買某物.
答句3： 人＋spent＋錢＋V-ing….
→意指「做某事／買某物花了（某人）多少錢。」
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