第三人稱單數現在簡單式肯定句
第三人稱單數代名詞(he, she, it)當主詞時,後面接續任何動詞,字尾需做動詞變化→改成Vs。
主詞 | 一般動詞(規則變化)+受詞. |
He/She | eats apples. |
Mary (She) | plays basketball. |
My father (He) | goes to the gym. |
My friend (He/She) | carries an umbrella. |
主詞 | 一般動詞(不規則變化)+受詞. |
He/She | has a dog. |
第三人稱單數動詞字尾規則及不規則變化
規則變化 | |||
一般: 字尾加s | o,s,x,ch,sh: 字尾加es | 子音+y: 字尾去y加ies | 母音+y: 字尾加s |
dance →dances | do →does | try→tries | say→ says |
paint→ paints | fix→fixes | fly→flies | play→ plays |
listen→ listens | miss→misses | cry →cries | enjoy→enjoys |
drink → drinks | catch →catches | carry→ carries | drink → drinks |
sleep → sleeps | wash →washes | study→ studies | sleep → sleeps |
不規則變化 | |||
have →has |
Dora likes badminton.(Dora喜歡羽球。)
Tom dances at school on Fridays.(Tom每週五會在學校跳舞。)
Colin watches movies at home every day.(Colin每天會在家看電影。)
第三人稱單數現在式否定句
主詞+doesn’t+原形動詞+受詞.
肯定句要改為否定句,只要把否定助動詞doesn’t,加在原形動詞的前面,就形成否定句。
主詞 | doesn’t (= does not) | 原形動詞+受詞. |
He/She | doesn’t | eat apples. |
Mary (She) | doesn’t | play basketball. |
My father (He) | doesn’t | go to the gym. |
My friend (He/She) | doesn’t | carry an umbrella. |
主詞 | doesn’t (= does not) | 原形動詞+受詞. |
He/She | doesn’t | have a dog. |
Frank doesn’t like volleyball.(Frank不喜歡排球。)
Elsa doesn’t have two big bowls.(Elsa 沒有兩個大碗。)
三單現在式Yes-No疑問句
1. 肯定句改為疑問句,要先把助動詞Does或Doesn’t新增於句首,並於句尾加上問號。
2. 疑問句
助動詞 | 主詞 | 原形動詞+受詞? |
Does Doesn’t | he/she | eat apples? |
he/she | play basketball? | |
he/she | go to the gym? | |
he/she | carry an umbrella? | |
he/she | have a dog? |
肯定簡答
Yes, | 主詞 | 肯定助動詞. | Yes, | he/she | does. |
肯定詳答
Yes, | 主詞 | 一般動詞(規則變化)+受詞. |
Yes, | he/she | eats apples. |
Yes, | she | plays basketball. |
Yes, | he | goes to the gym. |
Yes, | he/she | carries an umbrella. |
Yes, | 主詞 | 一般動詞(不規則變化)+受詞. |
Yes, | he/she | has a dog. |
否定簡答
No, | 主詞 | 否定助動詞. |
No, | he/she | doesn’t. |
否定詳答
No, | 主詞 | doesn’t (= does not) | 一般動詞(規則變化)+受詞. |
No, | he/she | doesn’t | eat apples. |
she | doesn’t | play basketball. | |
he | doesn’t | go to the gym. | |
he/she | doesn’t | carry an umbrella. | |
he/she | doesn’t | have dog. |
Does Henry visit his grandparents every weekend?
(Henry每週末會去拜訪他的祖父母嗎?)
Yes, he does.
(是的,他會。)
Yes, he visits his grandparents every weekend.
(是的,他每週末都會去拜訪他的祖父母。)
No, he doesn’t.
(不,他不會。)
No, he doesn’t visit his grandparents every weekend.
(不,他不是每個週末都去拜訪他的祖父母。)
what疑問詞
疑問詞what置於句首時,現在簡單式會有兩種型式,一種為詢問「某人從事哪種職業」,另一種為詢問「某人目前的習慣或從事的活動」。
1. 「某人從事哪種職業」
問句:
疑問詞 | 助動詞 | 主詞 | 原形動詞? |
What | does | he/she | do? |
答句:
主詞 | be動詞 | 名詞. |
He/She | is | a doctor. |
What does Linda do? (Linda是做什麼的?)She is an actress. 〔她是(一位)女演員。〕
2. 「某人目前的習慣或固定從事的活動」
問句:
疑問詞 | 助動詞 | 主詞 | 原形動詞 | 時間副詞片語? |
What | does | he/she | do | every day? |
答句:
主詞 | 原形動詞+受詞 | 時間副詞片語. |
He/She | cleans the kitchen | every day. |
What does Jane do on weekends?(Jane週末都在做什麼?)
She goes to the swimming pool on weekends.(她週末都會去游泳池。)
現在簡單式的動詞
情感方面 | like | love | hate(厭惡) |
認知方面 | know | mean(意思是) | need(需要) |
感官方面 | see | hear(聽見) | feel(感覺) |
所有權方面 | have | own(擁有) | exist(存在) |
動態動詞 | eat | dance | drink |
draw | paint | play |
現在簡單式的動詞,可分為「狀態動詞」與「動態動詞」。
狀態動詞:表述狀態面,不可使用「現在進行式」,且在句尾不使用「時間副詞片語」。
動態動詞:指「動作方面」的動詞,此類動詞,可使用「現在進行式」及「現在簡單式」。
在「現在簡單式」中,句尾可用「時間副詞片語」。
I know this girl.(我認識這女孩。)→代表「現在的事實」,此為正確用法。
I know this girl every day.(我每天認識這女孩。)→know不能與「時間副詞」搭配,此為不正確用法。你認識就已經認識了,不可能每天認識這個女孩。
I am knowing this girl.(我正認識這女孩。)→know不能用「現在進行式」,此為不正確用法。認識是一種事實,不會正在發生。
第三人稱單數現在簡單式會考歷屆試題
( B ) 1. Melody has a great interest(興趣)in planting flowers(種花), but her sister _____.She can’t even stay(停留)in the garden for one minute. 【101-5】
(A) can’t (B) doesn’t (C) isn’t (D) won’t
( B ) 2. Mom: Oh, no! Your sister forgot(忘記)her sports shoes. When _______ she have PE class?Can you take the shoes to her school? Peter: It’s in the afternoon. Don’t worry. I will bring(將會帶給)them to her. 【100-北-18】 (A) did (B) does (C) has (D) is
( D ) 3. Ken’s brothers like to watch tennis, but Ken ______. He is crazy(為……瘋狂)about baseball. 【99-2-2】 (A) is (B) isn’t (C) does (D) doesn’t
( B ) 4. Ms. Wu: What animals _______your sister like? Herbert: She likes lions and tigers. 【98-2-15】 (A) do (B) does (C) are (D) is
( A ) 5. Linda: Do you have to get up early in the morning? Peter: Yes, I______. I can’t be late for school. 【98-1-14】 (A) do (B) can (C) have (D) am
( B ) 6. Allen: ________you have twenty minutes right now? I need to talk to you. Bruce: Sure! Come on in. 【97-2-15】 (A) Are (B) Do (C) Have (D) Should
( A ) 7. Stella is a baseball fan(球迷). She _______ more than(超過)one hundred pictures of famous(有名的)baseball players. 【94-2-7】 (A) has (B) has been (C) is (D) is having
( C ) 8. Jane always(總是)does well(好地)on English tests, but her sisters ______. 【91-2-9】 (A) doesn’t (B) aren’t (C) don