1. The speaker’s _______ style of delivery, filled with archaic metaphors and convoluted sentences, left the high school audience thoroughly bewildered.
(A) turgid(B) succinct(C) pellucid(D) pragmatic
【解析】句意為「演講者那種_______的表達風格,充斥著古老的隱喻與晦澀複雜的句子,讓高中部聽眾感到徹底困惑。」
語境顯示演講風格過於複雜、難懂,導致聽眾困惑,因此應填入「誇張晦澀的、浮誇難懂的」,故正確答案為
(A) turgid 誇張晦澀的;(文章、風格)浮誇的
turgid prose(浮誇散文)
a turgid style of writing(晦澀的寫作風格)
The professor’s turgid lecture made it difficult for the students to stay awake.
教授那場冗長晦澀的演講讓學生們很難保持清醒。
同義詞: bombastic, pompous
反義詞: simple, understated
(B) succinct 簡潔的;簡明扼要的
a succinct summary(簡明扼要的總結)
keep it succinct(保持簡潔)
Please provide a succinct explanation of the project’s main goals.
請對這項專案的主要目標提供簡潔的說明。
同義詞: concise, brief
反義詞: wordy, verbose
(C) pellucid 清晰的;易懂的
pellucid writing(清晰易懂的寫作)
pellucid waters(清澈的水)
The author is famous for his pellucid style, which makes complex ideas easy to grasp.
這位作者以其清晰易懂的風格聞名,使複雜的概念變得容易理解。
同義詞: clear, transparent
反義詞: opaque, murky
(D) pragmatic 務實的;實事求是的
a pragmatic approach(務實的方法)
be pragmatic about something(對某事採取務實態度)
We need to adopt a pragmatic solution to the budget problem rather than a theoretical one.
針對預算問題,我們需要採取務實的解決方案,而非理論性的方案。
同義詞: practical, realistic
反義詞: idealistic, impractical
2. The once-thriving industrial town became a _______ of its former self after the primary manufacturing plant relocated overseas.
(A) pinnacle
(B) semblance
(C) quibble
(D) catalyst
【解析】句意為「這座曾經繁榮的工業小鎮在主要製造工廠遷往海外後,變成了僅具其形、徒具虛名的_______。」
語境顯示小鎮在工廠遷移後失去了實質的繁榮,只剩下模糊的表象或殘影,因此應填入「外貌、表象、殘跡」,故正確答案為
(B) semblance 類似;表象;外貌
a semblance of order(表面上的秩序)
lose all semblance of…(失去所有…的樣子)
The meeting finally regained some semblance of normality after the heated argument.
激烈的爭論過後,會議終於恢復了一些正常模樣。
同義詞: appearance, facade
反義詞: reality, substance
(A) pinnacle 頂點;高峰;極致
reach the pinnacle of one’s career(達到事業巔峰)
the pinnacle of achievement(成就的頂峰)
Winning the Olympic gold medal is the pinnacle of a sports career.
贏得奧運金牌是運動生涯的最高巔峰。
同義詞: peak, zenith
反義詞: bottom, nadir
(C) quibble 吹毛求疵;(為小事)爭辯
quibble over details(在細節上斤斤計較)
a minor quibble(小小的抱怨或爭議)
Let’s not quibble over the minor costs; we need to focus on the big picture.
我們別為了一些小錢斤斤計較,我們得關注大局。
同義詞: nitpick, complain
反義詞: agree, approve
(D) catalyst 催化劑;促成變化的人或事物
act as a catalyst for change(充當變革的催化劑)
a catalyst for growth(成長的推動力)
The new law acted as a catalyst for economic development in the rural area.
這項新法案成為了該農村地區經濟發展的催化劑。
同義詞: stimulus, spark
反義詞: hindrance, deterrent
3. Despite the gravity of the situation, the defendant maintained a _______ demeanor, showing no sign of remorse or anxiety during the sentencing.
(A) virile
(B) stolid
(C) whimsical
(D) fastidious
【解析】句意為「儘管情況嚴重,被告仍保持著_______的舉止,在宣判過程中沒有表現出任何悔意或焦慮。」
語境顯示被告在嚴肅的場合表現得毫無感情、不動聲色,因此應填入「缺乏感情的、冷淡的、動搖不了的」,故正確答案為
(B) stolid 缺乏感情的;冷淡的;遲鈍的
a stolid expression(木然的表情)
remain stolid(保持不動聲色)
He was a stolid man, not easily moved by the tears of others.
他是個冷淡的人,不容易被他人的眼淚所動。
同義詞: impassive, phlegmatic
反義詞: emotional, expressive
(A) virile 有男子氣概的;剛健的;有生殖力的
a virile performance(充滿力量的表演)
virile strength(雄健的力量)
The actor was cast for his virile appearance and commanding voice.
這位演員因其富有男子氣概的外表和威嚴的嗓音而被選中。
同義詞: masculine, robust
反義詞: effeminate, weak
(C) whimsical 反覆無常的;異想天開的;古怪有趣的
a whimsical sense of humor(古怪幽默感)
whimsical designs(異想天開的設計)
The children’s book is filled with whimsical characters and magical events.
這本童書充滿了異想天開的角色和神奇的事件。
同義詞: quirky, fanciful
反義詞: serious, predictable
(D) fastidious 挑剔的;過分講究的;潔癖的
be fastidious about cleanliness(對清潔非常挑剔)
a fastidious worker(一絲不苟的工作者)
She is so fastidious about her food that she rarely eats at restaurants.
她對食物非常挑剔,所以很少在餐廳進食。
同義詞: meticulous, fussy
反義詞: easy-going, negligent
4. The government’s decision to _______ the outdated environmental regulations was met with widespread praise from conservation groups.
(A) abrogate
(B) corroborate
(C) exacerbate
(D) instigate
【解析】句意為「政府決定_______那些過時的環境法規,受到了保育團體的廣泛讚揚。」
語境顯示保育團體對政府的決定感到滿意,通常是因為廢除了不利或過時的條款,因此應填入「廢止、撤銷」,故正確答案為
(A) abrogate 廢止;廢除;宣佈無效
abrogate a treaty(廢除條約)
abrogate one’s responsibility(規避責任)
The company was accused of trying to abrogate its obligations to its employees.
該公司被指控試圖廢除其對員工應盡的義務。
同義詞: annul, revoke
反義詞: institute, introduce
(B) corroborate 證實;確證
corroborate a theory(證實理論)
corroborate the evidence(確證證據)
Recent research seems to corroborate his claims about the benefits of the new drug.
最近的研究似乎證實了他對這款新藥益處的說法。
同義詞: confirm, verify
反義詞: contradict, refute
(C) exacerbate 使惡化;使加劇
exacerbate the problem(使問題惡化)
exacerbate tensions(加劇緊張局勢)
The shortage of rain has exacerbated the already serious food crisis in the region.
降雨不足使該地區原本就嚴重的糧食危機進一步惡化。
同義詞: aggravate, worsen
反義詞: alleviate, improve
(D) instigate 煽動;發起;促成
instigate a riot(煽動暴亂)
instigate an investigation(發起調查)
The government has promised to instigate an inquiry into the cause of the accident.
政府承諾將對事故原因發起調查。
同義詞: provoke, initiate
反義詞: halt, quell
5. The artist’s work is characterized by its _______ nature, blending elements of traditional calligraphy with modern digital aesthetics.
(A) homogeneous
(B) eclectic
(C) mundane
(D) peripheral
【解析】句意為「這位藝術家的作品特色在於其_______的本質,融合了傳統書法與現代數位美學的元素。」
語境顯示作品結合了多種不同的風格與元素,因此應填入「折衷的、不拘一格的、兼容並蓄的」,故正確答案為
(B) eclectic 折衷的;不拘一格的;兼容並蓄的
an eclectic mix(多樣化的組合)
an eclectic taste in music(對音樂的廣泛愛好)
The restaurant’s menu is quite eclectic, offering dishes from all over the world.
這家餐廳的菜單非常多樣化,提供來自世界各地的料理。
同義詞: diverse, varied
反義詞: uniform, specialized
(A) homogeneous 同質的;由相同特徵組成的
a homogeneous group(同質群體)
homogeneous culture(單一文化)
The population of the small village is remarkably homogeneous.
這個小村莊的人口組成非常單一。
同義詞: uniform, identical
反義詞: heterogeneous, diverse
(C) mundane 平凡的;乏味的;世俗的
mundane tasks(瑣碎平凡的工作)
mundane existence(平淡的生活)
I lead a very mundane life, doing the same things every day.
我過著非常平淡的生活,每天都做著同樣的事情。
同義詞: ordinary, commonplace
反義詞: extraordinary, spiritual
(D) peripheral 次要的;外圍的;周邊的
peripheral vision(餘光;周邊視覺)
be peripheral to the main issue(對主要問題來說是次要的)
The teacher focused on the main theme and ignored the peripheral details.
老師集中討論主題,忽略了那些次要的細節。
同義詞: marginal, incidental 次要的;附帶的;伴隨的。
反義詞: central, essential
6. High-tech firms often _______ talented engineers from their competitors by offering exorbitant signing bonuses and stock options.
(A) mollify
(B) lucubrate
(C) poach
(D) disparage
【解析】句意為「高科技公司經常透過提供極高額的簽約金和股票期權,從競爭對手那裡_______優秀的工程師。」
語境顯示公司利用優渥條件將對方的員工挖角過來,因此應填入「盜用、招攬(他人部屬)、挖角」,故正確答案為
(C) poach 挖角(人員);盜獵;非法入侵
poach staff from a rival(從對手那裡挖角員工)
poach eggs(煮荷包蛋)
The tech giant was accused of trying to poach the entire research team from its competitor.
這家科技巨頭被指控企圖從競爭對手那裡挖走整個研究團隊。
同義詞: headhunt, steal
反義詞: recruit, hire
(A) mollify 使平息;撫慰;緩和
mollify an angry customer(安撫憤怒的顧客)
be mollified by an apology(因道歉而平息怒氣)
The manager tried to mollify the protesters by promising to listen to their concerns.
經理試圖透過承諾聽取訴求來平息抗議者的情緒。
同義詞: appease, soothe
反義詞: aggravate, infuriate
(B) lucubrate 刻苦鑽研;埋頭苦幹(尤指在夜間)
lucubrate over a manuscript(鑽研手稿)
lucubrate for the exams(為考試開夜車苦讀)
In the quiet of the library, he would lucubrate on ancient philosophy for hours.
在安靜的圖書館裡,他會花好幾個小時刻苦鑽研古代哲學。
同義詞: meditate, study
反義詞: idle, dawdle
(D) disparage 貶低;輕視
disparage someone’s achievements(貶低某人的成就)
a disparaging remark(輕蔑的話語)
You should not disparage your colleagues’ efforts even if you disagree with them.
即使你不同意同事的觀點,也不應該貶低他們的努力。
同義詞: belittle, criticize
反義詞: praise, compliment
7. The scholar’s _______ research into ancient manuscripts revealed a hidden lineage of philosophical thought previously unknown to Western academia.
(A) meticulous
(B) mendacious
(C) mercurial
(D) mediocre
【解析】句意為「這位學者對古代手稿_______的研究,揭示了西方學術界先前鮮為人知的哲學思想隱藏脈絡。」
語境顯示研究非常深入且細緻,才能發現隱藏的資訊,因此應填入「一絲不苟的、縝密的」,故正確答案為
(A) meticulous 一絲不苟的;精密細緻的
常用片語:meticulous attention to detail(對細節極其關注)
常用短句:a meticulous researcher(一位嚴謹的研究員)
例句:The scholar was meticulous in his analysis of the ancient texts.
(這位學者在分析古代文獻時非常細心。)
同義詞:thorough, painstaking
反義詞:careless, sloppy
(B) mendacious 虛假的;說謊的
常用片語:mendacious propaganda(虛假的宣傳)
常用短句:a mendacious report(一份虛假的報告)
例句:The politician was accused of making mendacious statements to the press.
(該政治家被指控對媒體發表虛假聲明。)
同義詞:dishonest, deceitful
反義詞:truthful, honest
(C) mercurial 反覆無常的;多變的
常用片語:a mercurial temperament(反覆無常的性情)
常用短句:mercurial weather(變化莫測的天氣)
例句:His mercurial personality made it difficult for his colleagues to work with him.
(他那捉摸不定的人格讓同事很難與他共事。)
同義詞:volatile, unpredictable
反義詞:stable, constant
(D) mediocre 平庸的;二流的
常用片語:a mediocre performance(平庸的表現)
常用短句:be mediocre at something(在某方面表現普普通通)
例句:The movie received mediocre reviews from the critics.
(這部電影得到的影評反應平平。)
同義詞:average, ordinary
反義詞:excellent, exceptional
8. The CEO’s _______ during the press conference only served to further alienate the disgruntled shareholders.
(A) abstinence
(B) alacrity
(C) altruism
(D) arrogance
【解析】句意為「執行長在記者會期間的_______,只會進一步疏遠那些不滿的股東。」
語境顯示執行長的行為產生了負面影響,導致股東更加反感,因此應填入「傲慢、自大」,故正確答案為
(D) arrogance 傲慢;自大
常用片語:arrogance towards others(對他人的傲慢)
常用短句:be humbled by one’s arrogance(因傲慢而受挫)
例句:The CEO’s arrogance during the interview offended many viewers.
(執行長在訪談中的傲慢態度觸怒了許多觀眾。)
同義詞:haughtiness, conceit
反義詞:humility, modesty
(A) abstinence 節制;戒絕
常用片語:total abstinence from alcohol(滴酒不沾)
常用短句:practice abstinence(實踐節制)
例句:The doctor recommended total abstinence from sugary drinks.
(醫生建議完全戒除含糖飲料。)
同義詞:temperance, self-denial
反義詞:indulgence, excess
(B) alacrity 敏捷;欣然同意
常用片語:with alacrity(欣然地;敏捷地)
常用短句:accept the invitation with alacrity(欣然接受邀請)
例句:She accepted the new job offer with alacrity.
(她欣然接受了這份新工作的邀約。)
同義詞:eagerness, willingness
反義詞:reluctance, apathy
(C) altruism 利他主義;無私
常用片語:acts of altruism(利他行為)
常用短句:pure altruism(純粹的無私)
例句:The billionaire is known for his altruism and many charitable donations.
(這位億萬富翁以其利他主義和多次慈善捐款而聞名。)
同義詞:philanthropy, unselfishness
反義詞:selfishness, egoism
9. After years of civil unrest, the signing of the peace treaty provided a _______ hope for a stable future.
(A) nascent
(B) decadent
(C) redundant
(D) malevolent
【解析】句意為「經過多年的動亂,和平協議的簽署為穩定的未來提供了一個_______的希望。」
語境顯示在動亂後剛簽署協議,希望才剛開始出現,因此應填入「新生的、剛萌芽的」,故正確答案為
(A) nascent 新生的;初期的;剛萌芽的
常用片語:a nascent industry(新興產業)
常用短句:in the nascent stage(處於萌芽階段)
例句:The peace treaty brought a nascent hope to the war-torn country.
(和平條約給這個飽受戰爭蹂躪的國家帶來了新生的希望。)
同義詞:emerging, budding
反義詞:dying, mature
(B) decadent 墮落的;頹廢的
常用片語:a decadent lifestyle(頹廢的生活方式)
常用短句:decadent art(頹廢藝術)
例句:The empire became decadent and weak before its eventual fall.
(帝國在最終垮台前變得墮落且衰弱。)
同義詞:corrupt, degenerate
反義詞:moral, virtuous
(C) redundant 多餘的;被裁員的
常用片語:be made redundant(被解僱;被裁員)
常用短句:redundant information(多餘的資訊)
例句:The new software system made the old manual filing redundant.
(新的軟體系統使得舊的備份檔案變得多餘。)
同義詞:superfluous, unnecessary
反義詞:essential, necessary
(D) malevolent 有惡意的;惡毒的
常用片語:a malevolent influence(邪惡的影響)
常用短句:a malevolent look(惡毒的眼神)
例句:The villain in the story had a malevolent plan to destroy the city.
(故事中的反派有一個摧毀城市的惡毒計畫。)
同義詞:malicious, spiteful
反義詞:benevolent, kind
10. To prevent the virus from spreading, the government implemented _______ measures, including a total lockdown of all international borders.
(A) sporadic
(B) stagnant
(C) stringent
(D) sumptuous
【解析】句意為「為了防止病毒傳播,政府實施了_______的措施,包括全面封鎖所有國際邊境。」
語境顯示為了防疫而採取極其嚴格的封鎖行動,因此應填入「嚴格的、嚴厲的」,故正確答案為
(C) stringent 嚴格的;嚴厲的
常用片語:stringent safety regulations(嚴格的安全法規)
常用短句:implement stringent measures(實施嚴格措施)
例句:The government imposed stringent controls on public spending.
(政府對公共支出實施了嚴格的控制。)
同義詞:strict, rigorous
反義詞:lenient, flexible
(A) sporadic 零星的;斷斷續續的
常用片語:sporadic outbreaks(零星爆發)
常用短句:sporadic gunfire(零星火力的射擊)
例句:There has been sporadic fighting along the border for years.
(多年來邊境地帶一直有零星的戰鬥發生。)
同義詞:occasional, intermittent
反義詞:frequent, continuous
(B) stagnant 停滯的;不發展的
常用片語:a stagnant economy(停滯的經濟)
常用短句:stagnant water(死水)
例句:The stagnant air in the room made it difficult to breathe.
(房間內停滯不流通的空氣讓人呼吸困難。)
同義詞:static, sluggish
反義詞:active, flowing
(D) sumptuous 奢侈的;豪華的
常用片語:a sumptuous feast(豐盛的宴席)
常用短句:sumptuous decorations(豪華的裝飾)
例句:The guests enjoyed a sumptuous dinner at the five-star hotel.
(賓客們在五星級飯店享用了一頓豪華晚宴。)
同義詞:luxurious, lavish
反義詞:plain, humble
11. To _______ the effects of the drought, the local council implemented strict water rationing for all residential areas.
(A) ameliorate
(B) adulterate
(C) obfuscate
(D) stipulate
【解析】句意為「為了_______乾旱的影響,地方議會對所有住宅區實施了嚴格的限水措施。」
語境顯示政府採取行動是為了「改善」或「減輕」災情所帶來的負面衝擊,因此應填入「改善、改良」,故正確答案為
(A) ameliorate 改善;改良;減輕(痛苦、負面情況)
常用片語:ameliorate the situation(改善情況)
常用短句:steps to ameliorate poverty(改善貧窮的措施)
例句:The new law is designed to ameliorate the living conditions of the poor.
(這項新法律旨在改善窮人的生活條件。)
同義詞:improve, alleviate
反義詞:worsen, exacerbate
(B) adulterate 摻雜;摻假
常用片語:adulterate food with chemicals(在食物中摻入化學物質)
常用短句:adulterated products(摻假產品)
例句:The company was fined for trying to adulterate its fruit juices with water.
(該公司因試圖在果汁中摻水而被罰款。)
同義詞:contaminate, dilute
反義詞:purify, refine
(C) obfuscate 使模糊;使困惑;弄暗
常用片語:obfuscate the truth(掩蓋真相)
常用短句:obfuscate the issue(使問題複雜化)
例句:The politician used complex jargon to obfuscate the real meaning of the policy.
(這位政治家使用複雜的術語來模糊政策的真正含義。)
同義詞:confuse, obscure
反義詞:clarify, illuminate
(D) stipulate 規定;約定
常用片語:stipulate that…(規定…)
常用短句:as stipulated in the contract(如合同所規定)
例句:The contract stipulates that the work must be completed by the end of the year.
(合同規定這項工作必須在年底前完成。)
同義詞:specify, demand
反義詞:waive, overlook
12. The ancient ruins, though _______ by centuries of weathering, still whispered stories of a once-mighty empire.
(A) dilapidated
(B) invigorated
(C) embellished
(D) sanctified
【解析】句意為「這些古代遺址雖然經過數個世紀的風化而變得_______,但仍低聲訴說著曾經輝煌帝國的故事。」
語境顯示遺址受到長期風化影響,狀況應是「荒廢的、破爛的」,故正確答案為
(A) dilapidated 荒廢的;破爛不堪的
常用片語:a dilapidated building(一棟破舊不堪的建築)
常用短句:fall into a dilapidated state(陷入荒廢狀態)
例句:The family bought a dilapidated farmhouse and spent years restoring it.
(這家人買下了一棟破舊的農舍,並花了數年時間進行修復。)
同義詞:run-down, derelict
反義詞:pristine, intact
(B) invigorated 使精力充沛的;使健壯的
常用片語:feel invigorated by(因…而感到精神煥發)
常用短句:an invigorated economy(復甦的經濟)
例句:A cold shower in the morning always leaves me feeling invigorated.
(早晨沖個冷水澡總能讓我感到精神振奮。)
同義詞:energized, refreshed
反義詞:exhausted, fatigued
(C) embellished 裝飾的;修飾的
常用片語:embellish a story with details(添加細節美化故事)
常用短句:an embellished manuscript(經過裝飾的手稿)
例句:The ceiling was embellished with beautiful gold leaf patterns.
(天花板裝飾著美麗的金箔圖案。)
同義詞:decorated, adorned
反義詞:simplified, stripped
(D) sanctified 神聖化的;認可的
常用片語:sanctified by tradition(受傳統認可的)
常用短句:a sanctified place(神聖之地)
例句:The ground was sanctified by the priest during the ceremony.
(這片土地在儀式中由牧師封為神聖之地。)
同義詞:consecrated, hallowed
反義詞:desecrated, profane
13. It is a _______ fact that physical exercise contributes significantly to mental well-being and stress reduction.
(A) dubious
(B) manifest
(C) precarious
(D) speculative
【解析】句意為「體育鍛鍊對心理健康和減輕壓力有顯著貢獻,這是一個_______的事實。」
語境顯示這是一個廣為人知、顯而易見的真理,因此應填入「明顯的、顯而易見的」,故正確答案為
(B) manifest 明顯的;顯而易見的
常用片語:manifest dissatisfaction(表現出不滿)
常用短句:a manifest error(顯而易見的錯誤)
例句:The benefits of a healthy diet are manifest to everyone.
(健康飲食的好處對每個人來說都是顯而易見的。)
同義詞:obvious, evident
反義詞:hidden, obscure
(A) dubious 懷疑的;可疑的;不確定的
常用片語:be dubious about something(對某事持懷疑態度)
常用短句:a dubious claim(可疑的說法)
例句:I’m a bit dubious about his ability to finish the job on time.
(我對他能否準時完成這項工作持懷疑態度。)
同義詞:doubtful, questionable
反義詞:certain, reliable
(C) precarious 不穩定的;危險的
常用片語:a precarious position(危險的處境)
常用短句:make a precarious living(過著朝不保夕的生活)
例句:The ladder looked very precarious, so I decided not to climb it.
(梯子看起來很不穩固,所以我決定不爬上去。)
同義詞:unstable, insecure
反義詞:secure, stable
(D) speculative 投機的;推測性的
常用片語:speculative investment(投機性投資)
常用短句:a speculative theory(推測性的理論)
例句:The report is highly speculative and not based on hard evidence.
(這份報告具有高度推測性,並非基於確鑿的證據。)
同義詞:conjectural, theoretical
反義詞:proven, factual
14. The whistleblower’s _______ of corporate espionage led to a full-scale federal investigation into the tech giant.
(A) justifications
(B) platitudes
(C) prevarications
(D) allegations
【解析】句意為「內部告發者對公司間諜活動的_______,導致聯邦政府對這家科技巨頭展開了全面調查。」
語境顯示這是指控某人或某單位做了違法或不當的事情,進而引發調查,因此應填入「指控、申述」,故正確答案為
(D) allegations 指控;陳述(通常指未經證實的)
常用片語:allegations of corruption(貪汙指控)
常用短句:deny the allegations(否認指控)
例句:The company issued a statement denying all allegations of fraud.
(公司發表聲明,否認所有關於詐欺的指控。)
同義詞:accusations, charges
反義詞:denials, exculpations
(A) justifications 正當理由;辯解
常用片語:justification for doing something(做某事的理由)
常用短句:without justification(毫無正當理由)
例句:There is no justification for such violent behavior.
(這種暴力行為沒有任何正當理由。)
同義詞:explanations, excuses
反義詞:oppositions, indictments
(B) platitudes 陳腔濫調;老生常談
常用片語:mouth platitudes(口出陳腔濫調)
常用短句:empty platitudes(空洞的陳詞濫調)
例句:His speech was full of boring platitudes about hard work and success.
(他的演講充滿了關於努力與成功的無聊陳腔濫調。)
同義詞:clichés, banalities
反義詞:originalities, profundities
(C) prevarications 支吾其詞;搪塞;閃爍其詞
常用片語:be tired of someone’s prevarications(厭倦某人的推託之詞)
常用短句:without prevarication(不加掩飾地;直截了當地)
例句:After months of prevarication, the government finally admitted the truth.
(在數月的閃爍其詞之後,政府終於承認了事實。)
同義詞:equivocations, evasions
反義詞:honesty, directness
15. The novelist spent decades living in _______, only gaining worldwide recognition after her death.
(A) opulence
(B) obscurity
(C) notoriety
(D) prestige
【解析】句意為「這位小說家在_______中度過了好幾十年,直到死後才獲得世界性的認可。」
語境顯示她在生前並不出名、被世人遺忘,因此應填入「默默無聞;無名狀態」,故正確答案為
(B) obscurity 默默無聞;隱匿
live in obscurity(生活在默默無聞中)
rise from obscurity(從寂寂無名中崛起)
The artist lived in obscurity for most of his life before his work was discovered.
這位藝術家一生大部分時間都默默無聞,直到他的作品被發現。
同義詞: anonymity, insignificance
反義詞: fame, celebrity
(A) opulence 富裕;豐饒
常用於形容生活方式或裝飾極其奢華
living in opulence(生活在豪奢之中)
The billionaire’s mansion was decorated with incredible opulence.
那位億萬富翁的豪宅裝飾得極其華麗奢靡。
同義詞: luxury, wealth
反義詞: poverty, penury
(C) notoriety 惡名昭彰;聲名狼藉
常用於形容因負面行為而聞名
gain notoriety for(因…而惡名昭彰)
The city gained notoriety for its high crime rate in the 1990s.
這座城市在 1990 年代因高犯罪率而惡名昭彰。
同義詞: infamy, disrepute
反義詞: honor, esteem
(D) prestige 名望;聲望
常用於形容因成就或地位而產生的威信
high social prestige(很高的社會地位)
Winning the Nobel Prize brings immense prestige to any scientist.
贏得諾貝爾獎會為任何科學家帶來極大的聲望。
同義詞: status, reputation
反義詞: lowliness, insignificance
6. After winning several games in a row, his _______ made him believe he could never lose, which led to a crushing defeat.
(A) hubris
(B) schadenfreude
(C) rendezvous
(D) prevarication
【解析】句意為「在連續贏了幾場比賽後,他的_______使他相信自己永遠不會輸,這導致了一場慘痛的失敗。」
語境顯示他因過度自信而產生了傲慢心理,最終導致失敗,因此應填入「傲慢;自大」,故正確答案為
(A) hubris 傲慢;自大
blinded by hubris(被傲慢蒙蔽了雙眼)
the hubris of power(權力的傲慢)
The king’s hubris eventually led to the downfall of his entire empire.
國王的傲慢最終導致了他整個帝國的覆滅。
同義詞: arrogance, vanity
反義詞: humility, modesty
(B) schadenfreude 幸災樂禍
源自德語,形容從他人的不幸中獲得快樂
feel schadenfreude(感到幸災樂禍)
There was a sense of schadenfreude among the rivals when the champion finally lost.
當冠軍終於落敗時,對手們心中產生了一種幸災樂禍的感覺。
同義詞: gloating, malice
反義詞: empathy, sympathy
(C) rendezvous 會合;約會
常用於形容秘密的會面或軍事會合
a secret rendezvous(秘密約會)
The two agents arranged a rendezvous at a quiet cafe downtown.
兩名特工安排在市中心一家安靜的咖啡館會合。
同義詞: meeting, appointment
反義詞: parting, separation
(D) prevarication 閃爍其詞;搪塞
常用於形容為了掩飾真相而說話含糊
without prevarication(直言不諱地)
The politician’s prevarication during the interview made the public lose trust in him.
這位政治家在採訪中的閃爍其詞讓大眾對他失去了信任。
同義詞: equivocation, evasion
反義詞: honesty, directness
17. After years of neglect, the neighborhood playground was _______ and considered unsafe for children.
(A) reminiscent
(B) rancorous
(C) pejorative
(D) dilapidated
【解析】句意為「經過多年的疏於管理,社區遊樂場變得_______,並被認為對兒童不安全。」
語境顯示遊樂場因失修而變得破舊不堪,因此應填入「破舊的;荒廢的」,故正確答案為
(B) dilapidated 破舊的;荒廢的
a dilapidated building(一棟破舊的建築)
in a dilapidated condition(處於荒廢狀態)
The old schoolhouse was so dilapidated that the roof was starting to cave in.
這間舊校舍太過破舊,屋頂已經開始塌陷了。
同義詞: decayed, ramshackle
反義詞: pristine, intact
(A) reminiscent 回憶的;使人聯想起…的
常用於形容某物讓人想起過去的人事物
reminiscent of the past(讓人聯想起過去)
The song’s melody is reminiscent of the folk music from my childhood.
這首歌的旋律讓人聯想起我童年時期的民謠。
同義詞: evocative, suggestive
反義詞: forgetful, oblivious
(C) pejorative 貶抑的;輕蔑的
常用於形容帶有批判或貶低意味的言詞
in a pejorative sense(在貶義的語境下)
The word was originally a neutral term, but it has now acquired a pejorative meaning.
這個詞原本是個中性詞,但現在已帶有貶義。
同義詞: derogatory, belittling
反義詞: complimentary, laudatory
(D) rancorous 怨恨的;憤恨不平的
常用於形容充滿敵意且持久的關係或辯論
a rancorous debate(一場激烈的辯論)
The divorce proceedings between the couple became increasingly rancorous.
這對夫婦之間的離婚訴訟變得越來越充滿火藥味。
同義詞: bitter, spiteful
反義詞: amicable, benevolent
18. Alcohol, even marijuana, even light marijuana use, can have a _______ effect on the development of a young brain.
(A) deleterious
(B) quixotic
(C) nonchalant
(D) salubrious
【解析】句意為「酒精,甚至是毒品,即便只是輕微的大麻使用,都會對年輕大腦的發育產生_______的影響。」
語境顯示這些物質對健康是有害的,因此應填入「有害的;有毒的」,故正確答案為
(A) deleterious 有害的;有毒的
deleterious effect(有害的影響)
deleterious to health(對健康有害)
The chemical leak had a deleterious effect on the local ecosystem.
化學物質洩漏對當地的生態系統產生了有害影響。
同義詞: harmful, detrimental
反義詞: beneficial, harmless
(B) quixotic 不切實際的;異想天開的
源自《唐吉訶德》,形容理想過高而不現實
a quixotic quest(不切實際的追求)
His quixotic plan to end world poverty overnight was admired but ignored.
他那想在一夜之間結束世界貧困的空想計畫令人欽佩,但沒人理會。
同義詞: idealistic, impractical
反義詞: realistic, practical
(C) nonchalant 若無其事的;冷淡的
常用於形容人在壓力下表現得輕鬆自如或漠不關心
a nonchalant attitude(漫不經心的態度)
He shrugged his shoulders in a nonchalant way as if the news didn’t matter.
他若無其事地聳了聳肩,彷彿那個消息無足輕重。
同義詞: indifferent, casual
反義詞: anxious, concerned
(D) salubrious 有益健康的;環境宜人的
常用於形容空氣、氣候或地方對健康有幫助
salubrious climate(宜人的氣候)
The mountain air is known for its salubrious qualities.
山區的空氣以其有益健康的特性而聞名。
同義詞: healthy, wholesome
反義詞: unhealthy, insalubrious
19. Anthony ended his ________ by threatening to blow up the house with his wife and children in it, but was restrained by others from inflicting any injuries.
(A) diatribe
(B) vicissitude
(C) nadir
(D) equanimity
【解析】句意為「安東尼威脅要引爆房子,讓他的妻子和孩子都在裡面,以此結束了他的_______,但他被他人制止,才沒造成任何傷害。」
語境顯示這是一場充滿憤怒且長時間的言語抨擊或謾罵,因此應填入「長篇謾罵;抨擊」,故正確答案為
(A) diatribe 長篇謾罵;抨擊
a diatribe against something(針對某事的長篇大論)
launch into a diatribe(開始進行一連串謾罵)
The coach launched into a bitter diatribe against the referee’s decision.
教練針對裁判的判決開始了一連串刻薄的謾罵。
同義詞: tirade, harangue
反義詞: praise, eulogy
(B) vicissitude 變遷;興衰
常用於形容人生或環境中不可預測的起伏變化
the vicissitudes of life(人生的起伏)
Losing his job was just one of the many vicissitudes of life he had to face.
丟掉工作只是他必須面對的眾多人生變遷之一。
同義詞: change, fluctuation
反義詞: stability, stagnation
(C) nadir 最低點;最糟糕的時刻
常用於形容事業、生活或心情降至谷底
reach the nadir of(達到…的最低點)
The defeat marked the nadir of the team’s professional history.
這場失利標誌著該隊職業史上的最低谷。
同義詞: bottom, rock bottom
反義詞: zenith, peak
(D) equanimity 鎮定;平靜
常用於形容在壓力或困境中保持冷靜
maintain one’s equanimity(保持鎮定)
She accepted both criticism and praise with the same equanimity.
她以同樣平和的心態接受批評與讚揚。
同義詞: composure, calmness
反義詞: agitation, anxiety
20. In many societies, the elderly are _______ as pillars of wisdom, with younger generations seeking their guidance to navigate complex life challenges through decades of lived experience.
(A) apprehended
(B) whetted
(C) venerated
(D) cajoled
【解析】句意為「在許多社會中,年長者被_______為智慧的支柱,年輕一代尋求他們的指導,透過數十年的生活經驗來應對複雜的人生挑戰。」
語境顯示年長者因智慧受到推崇,故正確答案為
(C) venerated 尊敬;崇敬
be venerated as(被尊奉為…)
venerated tradition(受推崇的傳統)
The saint was venerated by the local people for his kindness.
這位聖徒因其仁慈而受到當地人民的崇敬。
同義詞:revered, respected
反義詞:despised, dishonored
(A) apprehended 逮捕;領悟
be apprehended by(被…逮捕)
apprehend the meaning(領悟意義)
The suspect was apprehended by the police shortly after the robbery.
嫌犯在搶案發生後不久就被警方逮捕了。
同義詞:arrested, understood
反義詞:released, misunderstood
(B) whetted 磨利;刺激(食慾、欲望)
whet someone’s appetite(啟發某人的興趣;刺激食慾)
whet the blade(磨刀刃)
The smell of baking bread whetted my appetite for dinner.
烘烤麵包的香味激起了我的食慾。
同義詞:sharpened, stimulated
反義詞:blunted, dampened
(D) cajoled 哄騙;誘騙
cajole someone into doing something(哄騙某人做某事)
cajole a favor from(套交情以換取好處)
He managed to cajole his friends into helping him move the heavy furniture.
他成功地哄騙朋友們幫他搬運沉重的家具。
同義詞:coaxed, wheedled
反義詞:forced, bullied
21. People are happily ________ on Thanksgiving, a day for dish after dish of delicious food, as they gather around crowded tables to indulge in second and third helpings of savory roasts, buttery sides, and sweet desserts until they are completely satisfied.
(A) gluttonous
(B) quintessential
(C) gullible
(D) quotidian
【解析】句意為「人們在感恩節快樂地展現出_______,這是一個充滿一盤盤美味佳餚的日子,大家聚集在擁擠的桌邊,盡情享用第二份甚至第三份鹹味烤肉、奶油副食和甜點,直到完全滿足為止。」
語境顯示人們在節日中盡情大吃大喝、過度飲食,故正確答案為
(A) gluttonous 貪吃的;暴飲暴食的
gluttonous appetite(貪婪的胃口)
be gluttonous for(對…貪得無厭)
The gluttonous guest finished all the appetizers before anyone else arrived.
這名貪吃的客人趕在其他人到達前就把所有的開胃菜吃光了。
同義詞:greedy, voracious
反義詞:abstemious, temperate
(B) quintessential 典型的;精髓的
the quintessential example(最典型的例子)
quintessential character(特有的性格)
The small village is the quintessential English countryside town.
這個小村莊是典型的英國鄉村小鎮。
同義詞:typical, classic
反義詞:atypical, unusual
(C) gullible 易受騙的;輕信的
gullible nature(易受騙的本性)
target gullible people(以易受騙的人為目標)
The salesman sold the cheap product to gullible tourists for a high price.
推銷員將廉價產品以高價賣給了易受騙的遊客。
同義詞:naive, credulous
反義詞:skeptical, cynical
(D) quotidian 日常的;平凡的
quotidian routines(日常例行公事)
quotidian events(平凡的事件)
Television has become a part of our quotidian existence.
電視已成為我們日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。
同義詞:daily, ordinary
反義詞:extraordinary, unusual
22. Imelda’s new acquaintance constantly criticized her appearance, making pointed remarks about her style and clothing, and frequently sought to _______ her work by questioning her professional skills and the quality of her output.
(A) abet
(B) anesthetize
(C) disparage
(D) expatiate
【解析】句意為「Imelda 的新結識對象不斷批評她的外貌,對她的風格和穿著指指點點,並且頻繁地藉由質疑她的專業技能和產出品質來_______她的工作。」
語境顯示對方在貶低、輕視她的表現,故正確答案為
(C) disparage 貶低;輕視
disparage someone’s efforts(貶低某人的努力)
disparaging remarks(輕蔑的言論)
He tended to disparage her achievements to make his own seem more significant.
他往往會貶低她的成就,好讓自己的成就看起來更重要。
同義詞:belittle, deprecate
反義詞:praise, compliment
(A) abet 教唆;慫恿;夥同(犯罪)
aid and abet(協助與教唆)
abet a crime(教唆犯罪)
He was accused of aiding and abetting the escape of the prisoner.
他被指控協助並教唆囚犯逃跑。
同義詞:instigate, encourage
反義詞:hinder, discourage
(B) anesthetize 使麻醉;使麻木
be anesthetized for surgery(為了手術而接受麻醉)
anesthetize the pain(麻痺痛苦)
The dentist will anesthetize your gums before starting the dental procedure.
牙醫會在開始牙科手術前對你的牙齦進行麻醉。
同義詞:numb, stupefy
反義詞:stimulate, awaken
(D) expatiate 詳述;細說
expatiate on a subject(詳述某個主題)
expatiate at length(冗長地細說)
The professor continued to expatiate on the nuances of the poem for an hour.
教授繼續對這首詩的細微差別詳述了一個小時。
同義詞:elaborate, expound
反義詞:summarize, abbreviate
23. The exhibit on 12th century Italian paintings was _______, truly understood by only a few scholars who studied the art of that period.
(A) esoteric
(B) instigating
(C) fluctuating
(D) fickle
【解析】
句意為「這場關於 12 世紀義大利繪畫的展覽非常_______,真正能理解的人僅限於少數研究該時期藝術的學者。」
語境提到只有「少數專業學者」能理解,顯示該內容非常深奧且僅限圈內人懂,故正確答案為
(A) esoteric 深奧難懂的;只有少數人懂的
Exoteric(外顯的、公開的)形容適合大眾理解、非隱密的知識或教義
esoteric knowledge(深奧的知識)、esoteric terminology(冷僻的術語)
The debate between the two scientists was so esoteric that the audience soon lost interest.
(兩位科學家之間的辯論太過深奧,觀眾很快就失去了興趣。)
同義詞:abstruse, obscure, arcane
反義詞:common, familiar, public
(B) instigating 煽動的;策動的
instigating a riot(煽動暴亂)、instigating change(促成改變)
The government accused him of instigating the rebellion against the state.(政府指控他煽動反抗國家的叛亂。)
同義詞:inciting, provoking
反義詞:halting, deterring
(C) fluctuating 波動的;變動不定的
fluctuating prices(波動的價格)、fluctuating temperature(起伏的溫度)
Vegetable prices are fluctuating according to the weather.
(蔬菜價格隨著天氣狀況而波動。)
同義詞:varying, shifting, wavering
反義詞:stable, constant, steady
(D) fickle 易變的;無常的
fickle weather(多變的天氣)、fickle public opinion(易變的公眾輿論)
The weather in this region is notoriously fickle; it can be sunny one minute and raining the next.(這個地區的天氣以多變著稱,前一分鐘晴空萬里,下一分鐘就下雨。)
同義詞:capricious, changeable, volatile
反義詞:constant, loyal, faithful
24. “The movie was criticized for its _______ violence,” meaning the gore didn’t help tell the story and was just there for shock value.
(A) gratuitous
(B) opulent
(C) interim
(D) autochthonous
【解析】
句意為「這部電影因其_______的暴力場面而受到批評,這意味著那些血腥畫面對於劇情推動並無幫助,純粹是為了震撼感而存在。」
語境顯示這些暴力是「多餘的、無理由的、不必要的
(A) gratuitous 無謂的;不必要的;免費的
gratuitous violence(無謂的暴力)、gratuitous insults(無端的侮辱)
The film was criticized for its gratuitous violence, which added nothing to the plot.(這部電影因其無謂的暴力而受到批評,這些場面對劇情毫無貢獻。)
同義詞:unwarranted, unnecessary, needless
反義詞:necessary, justified, essential
(B) opulent 豪華的;富裕的;豐饒的
opulent lifestyle(奢華的生活方式)、opulent fabrics(華麗的面料)
The guests were amazed by the opulent decorations in the ballroom.
(賓客們對宴會廳內華麗的裝飾感到驚嘆。)
同義詞:luxurious, lavish, wealthy
反義詞:poor, sparse, penniless
(C) interim 臨時的;過渡期的
an interim report(期中報告)、in the interim(在此期間)
She was appointed as the interim CEO while the board searched for a permanent replacement.
(在董事會尋找正式接替人選時,她被任命為臨時執行長。)
同義詞:temporary, provisional, transitional
反義詞:permanent, lasting, final
(D) autochthonous 土生土長的;原生的
autochthonous people(原住民)、autochthonous plants(原生植物)
The museum features an exhibit on the autochthonous cultures of the region.(該博物館設有一個關於該地區原生文化的展覽。)
同義詞:indigenous, native, aboriginal
反義詞:migrant, foreign, exotic
25. Tanisha possesses a _______ and ethereal nature, her presence an enduring melody of smiles and song that suggests a soul unburdened by the weight of the world, as if she harbors an internal radiance.
(A) blithe
(B) vicarious
(C) destitute
(D) phlegmatic
【解析】
句意為「塔妮莎擁有一種_______且超凡脫俗的天性,她的出現就像一段由微笑與歌聲編織而成的持久旋律,暗示著她的靈魂未受世俗重擔所累,彷彿內心散發著光芒。」
語境描述她「未受世俗重擔所累」且充滿「微笑與歌聲」,顯示其性格非常愉快、無憂無慮,故正確答案為
(A) blithe 快樂的;無憂無慮的
a blithe spirit(充滿活力且快樂的人)、blithe disregard(毫不在意;輕率地忽視)
She shows a blithe disregard for the dangers of the job.(她對這份工作的危險性表現出一種無憂無慮的漠視。)
同義詞:cheerful, carefree, lighthearted
反義詞:gloomy, troubled, heavyhearted
(B) vicarious 間接體驗的;替代的
vicarious pleasure(間接感受到的快樂)、vicarious liability(代理責任)
He gets a vicarious thrill from watching his son’s basketball games.(他從觀看兒子的籃球比賽中獲得了一種間接的刺激感。)
同義詞:indirect, secondhand, derivative
反義詞:direct, primary, personal
(C) destitute 貧困的;缺乏的
be destitute of(缺乏…)、left destitute(變得一貧如洗)
The floods left thousands of people destitute and homeless.
(洪水使成千上萬的人陷入貧困且無家可歸。)
同義詞:impoverished, penniless, needy
反義詞:wealthy, affluent, rich
(D) phlegmatic 冷靜的;沉著的;冷淡的
a phlegmatic temperament(冷靜的氣質)、remain phlegmatic(保持沉著)
As a football manager, he is remarkably phlegmatic and never loses his temper.(作為一名足球經理,他非常冷靜,從不發脾氣。)
同義詞:calm, composed, stolid
反義詞:emotional, excitable, passionate
The concept of “Dead Theory” suggests that our digital landscapes are increasingly populated by non-human actors. As large language models (LLMs) continue to __26__ at an exponential rate, the internet is reaching a tipping point where most of the content is no longer authored by humans. This shift is not merely a matter of quantity but of __27__ quality. Unlike human discourse, which is often tethered to lived experience and emotional nuance, AI-generated text tends to be __28__ and recursive, feeding on its own previous outputs. __29__, we risk entering a digital “echo chamber of mirrors,” where human agency is diluted by a sea of synthetic information. While some argue that this democratization of content creation is beneficial, critics remain __30__ about the potential erosion of objective truth.
26.(A) dwindle(B) proliferate(C) lampoon(D) oscillate
27.(A) ontological(B) venerable(C) versatile(D) empathetic
28.(A) vibrant(B) ornamental(C) oblivious(D) obsessive
29.(A) Conversely(B) Unfathomably(C) Consequently(D) Nonetheless
30.(A) sanguine(B) skeptical(C) lampoon(D) indifferent
【解析】
「死理論」的概念指出,我們的數位景觀正日益充斥著非人類行動者。隨著大型語言模型(LLMs)持續以指數級的速度 (26) 激增,網際網路正達到一個臨界點,即大部分內容不再由人類創作。這種轉變不僅僅是數量的問題,更是 (27) 本體論 性質上的改變。不同於往往與生活經驗和情感細微差別掛鉤的人類論述,AI 生成的文本傾向於 (28) 執迷的(重複性的) 且遞迴的,以其自身的產出為養分。(29) 因此,我們面臨進入數位「鏡像同溫層」的風險,在那裡人類的自主性被大片的合成資訊所稀釋。儘管有人認為這種內容創作的民主化是有益的,但批評者對於客觀事實可能遭受侵蝕仍持 (30) 懷疑 態度。
26. 答案:(B)
句意顯示 LLMs 正以「指數級速度」在網路上快速增加,故選「激增」。
(B) proliferate 激增;擴散
proliferate rapidly(迅速激增)
With the advent of the internet, fake news has begun to proliferate.(隨著網路出現,假新聞開始激增。)
同義詞:multiply, mushroom / 反義詞:decrease, dwindle
• (A) dwindle 減少;縮小(常用於數量、體力)
• (C) lampoon 嘲諷;挖苦
• (D) oscillate 擺動;動搖
27.文中提到這不只是數量的變化,更是關於「存在本質(由誰創作)」的改變,故選「本體論的」。
(A) ontological 本體論的;存在論的
ontological status(本體地位)
The philosopher explored the ontological difference between mind and matter.(這位哲學家探討了心靈與物質之間本體論上的差異。)
同義詞:metaphysical / 反義詞:phenomenal
• (B) venerable 值得敬重的;神聖的
• (C) versatile 多才多藝的;多功能的
• (D) empathetic 有同理心的
28. 文中提到 AI 文本是遞迴的(recursive)且「以自身產出為養分」,暗示其不斷重複既有模式,故選「執迷的、重複的」。
(D) obsessive 執迷的;過度重複的
be obsessive about(對…過度執迷)
He has an obsessive need to check the locks before leaving the house.
(他出門前有重複檢查門鎖的強迫性需求。)
同義詞:compulsive, preoccupied / 反義詞:indifferent, flexible
• (A) vibrant 充滿活力的;鮮豔的
• (B) ornamental 裝飾性的
• (C) oblivious 遺忘的;察覺不到的
29. 前後句為因果關係:因為 AI 文本不斷自我循環,(結果) 導致人類自主性被稀釋,故選「因此」。
(C) Consequently 因此;所以
consequently results in(因而導致)
He forgot his umbrella; consequently, he got soaked in the rain.(他忘了帶傘,結果被雨淋濕了。)
同義詞:therefore, thus / 反義詞:nevertheless, previously
• (A) Conversely 相反地
• (B) Unfathomably 難以置信地;莫測地
• (D) Nonetheless 儘管如此
30. 文中提到批評者(critics)對 AI 侵蝕客觀事實的可能後果感到不信任,故選「懷疑的」。
(B) skeptical 懷疑的
be skeptical about/of(對…持懷疑態度)
Environmentalists are skeptical about the company’s claims of being “green.”(環保人士對該公司自稱「環保」的說法表示懷疑。)
同義詞:doubtful, cynical / 反義詞:optimistic, convinced
• (A) sanguine 樂天的;樂觀的
• (C) lampoon 嘲諷(此處詞性不符)
• (D) indifferent 漠不關心的
The human body is an integrated system. Purposeful motion relies on a synergy of contractions __(36)__ by the brain. When these interactions are compromised, the body adopts compensation patterns— __(37)__ strategies used to reduce pain during intended movements.
These patterns often manifest subconsciously in the __(38)__ of awareness due to various factors. Injury or chronic pain prompts the body to deviate from typical walking mechanics to shield afflicted areas, such as favoring one leg to __(39)__ discomfort. Similarly, muscular imbalances or structural __(40)__, like restricted joint mobility, force auxiliary muscles to take on disproportionate loads. This imposes __(41)__ mechanical stress on adjacent structures. Furthermore, neurological pathologies—such as stroke or Parkinson’s — __(42)__ with the brain’s ability to manage motor control, while postural deviations require constant adjustments to preserve equilibrium and __(43)__. Both foster the adoption of these patterns.
Although initially beneficial, persistent compensation inevitably __(44)__ unaffected tissues to overloaded stress and chronic strain. Over time, this increases the risk of secondary injuries or __(45)__ to degeneration in healthy muscles and neurons.
(AB) interfere (AC) orchestrated (AD) subjects (AE) stability (BC) adaptive
(BD) susceptibility (BE) elevate (CD) absence (CE) excessive (DE) alleviate
(ABC) exhibit (ABD) comply (ABE) constraints (ACD) disrupted
【解析】
全文翻譯
人體是一個整合系統。有目的性的運動依賴於由大腦 (36) 策劃(協調) 的收縮協同作用。當這些交互作用受到損害時,身體會採用補償模式——即為了在預期動作中減輕疼痛而使用的 (37) 適應性 策略。
由於多種因素,這些模式往往在 (38) 缺乏 意識的情況下潛意識地顯現。傷害或慢性疼痛會促使身體偏離典型的行走力學以保護受損部位,例如偏袒一條腿以 (39) 減輕 不適。同樣地,肌肉不平衡或結構性的 (40) 限制(如關節活動度受限),會迫使輔助肌承擔不成比例的負荷。這對相鄰結構施加了 (41) 過度的 機械應力。此外,神經病變——如中風或帕金森氏症——會 (42) 干擾 大腦管理動作控制的能力,而姿勢偏差則需要不斷調整以維持平衡與 (43) 穩定性。這兩者都促進了這些模式的採用。
雖然最初是有益的,但長期的補償不可避免地使未受影響的組織 (44) 遭受 超負荷的壓力與慢性勞損。隨著時間推移,這增加了二次傷害的風險,或導致健康肌肉與神經的退化 (45) 易感性。
36. 答案:(AC) orchestrated
句意:有目的性的運動依賴於由大腦「協調/策劃」的肌肉收縮。
orchestrated 策劃;協調地安排
an orchestrated effort(協調一致的努力)
The entire performance was carefully orchestrated by the director.(整場演出由導演精心策劃。)
同義:coordinated, organized / 反義:disorganized
37. 答案:(BC) adaptive
補償模式是身體為了減輕疼痛而使用的「適應性」策略。
adaptive 適應性的
adaptive behavior(適應行為)
Successful companies are those that are most adaptive to change.(成功的公司是那些對變化適應力最強的公司。)
同義:flexible, adjusting / 反義:rigid, maladaptive
38. 答案:(CD) absence
句意:在「缺乏」意識的情況下,這些模式會潛意識地顯現。
absence 缺乏;缺席
in the absence of(在缺乏…的情況下)
In the absence of any evidence, the police had to let him go.(在缺乏證據的情況下,警方不得不放走他。)
同義:lack, deficiency / 反義:presence, abundance
39. 答案:(DE) alleviate例如偏袒其中一條腿來「減輕」不適感。
alleviate 減輕;緩和
alleviate pain(減輕痛苦)
The doctor gave her some medicine to alleviate the pain.(醫生給她一些藥物來減輕疼痛。)
同義:relieve, ease / 反義:aggravate, worsen
40. 答案:(ABE) constraints
句意:肌肉不平衡或結構上的「限制」(如關節活動度受限)。
constraints 限制;約束
budget constraints(預算限制)、under constraints(受約束)
Financial constraints forced the company to cut back on research.(財務限制迫使公司縮減研究經費。)
同義:limitations, restrictions / 反義:freedom, liberty
41. 答案:(CE) excessive
句意:這對相鄰結構施加了「過度的」力學壓力。
excessive 過度的;極度的
excessive force(過度武力)、excessive drinking(酗酒)
Excessive exercise can sometimes do more harm than good.(過度的運動有時弊大於利。)
同義:extreme, immoderate / 反義:insufficient, moderate
42. 答案:(AB) interfere
句意:神經病變會「干擾」大腦管理動作控制的能力。
interfere 干擾;干涉
interfere with(干擾…)
Constant noise can interfere with your ability to concentrate.(持續的噪音會干擾你的專注能力。)
同義:meddle, obstruct / 反義:assist, aid
43. 答案:(AE) stability
句意:姿勢偏差需要不斷調整以維持平衡與「穩定性」。
stability 穩定性;穩固
常用短句:emotional stability(情緒穩定)
例句:The bridge was checked for structural stability.(這座橋經過了結構穩定性的檢查。)
同義:steadiness, firmness / 反義:instability, fragility
44. 答案:(AD) subjects
句意:持續的補償不可避免地使健康組織「遭受/暴露於」過度壓力之下。
subjects 使遭受;使隸屬(動詞用法)
常用片語:subject A to B(使 A 遭受 B)
例句:The prisoners were subjected to cruel treatment.(囚犯們遭受了殘酷的對待。)
同義:exposes, submits / 反義:protects, shields
45. 答案(BD) susceptibility
句意:增加了二次傷害的風險,或導致退化的「易感性(傾向)」。
susceptibility 易感性;易受影響的特性
常用短句:susceptibility to disease(對疾病的抵抗力弱/易感性)
例句:His susceptibility to colds made him very cautious in winter.(他容易感冒的體質使他在冬天非常小心。)
同義:vulnerability, tendency / 反義:resistance, immunity
The global transition to renewable energy is often hailed as a panacea for climate change, yet it presents a profound __(46)__. While the systemic shift aims to reduce carbon emissions, the extraction of minerals required for high-capacity batteries often results in severe environmental degradation. This stark __(47)__ between lofty ecological goals and localized destruction is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore. Such a contradiction highlights the complex and often overlooked __(48)__ of the green revolution on a global scale.
To truly __(49)__ the benefits of sustainable technology, policymakers must find ways to ensure fairness across borders. They must seek to avoid __(50)__ global inequality during this transition. Furthermore, leaders must navigate the increasingly __(51)__ nature of international supply chains. These networks are often dictated by geopolitical tensions that shift without warning. The vulnerability of mineral-rich regions to such instability makes these nations highly __(52)__ to external exploitation. Experts __(53)__ the fact that ethical sourcing must be a priority in the coming decade. Without a more __(54)__ framework for such sourcing, the transition may lead to unintended consequences. In fact, it might inadvertently __(55)__ the very progress it seeks to achieve.
(AB) aggravating (AC) disparity (AD) subjects (AE) leverage (BC) paradox
(BD) ramifications (BE) resilient (CD) susceptible (CE) underscore (DE) volatile
(ABC) ostensibly (ABD) curtail
【解析】46. (BC) paradox (矛盾) 文中提到轉型綠能被視為氣候變遷的萬靈丹,卻又造成嚴重的礦產開發破壞,這種「看似正確卻包含衝突」的情況即為 paradox。
47. (AC) disparity (差異) 這裡指「崇高的生態目標」與「在地破壞」之間的 stark disparity(鮮明的差異/不一致)。
48. (BD) ramifications (影響/後果) 綠能革命在全球尺度上帶來的複雜且常被忽略的後果。ramifications 常指一個決定或行動所衍生出的各種連鎖反應。
49. (AE) leverage (利用) 為了真正 leverage(利用/發揮)永續科技的好處。此處當動詞,指有效地使用某種資源以達成目標。
50. (AB) aggravating (加劇) 決策者必須避免在轉型過程中 aggravating(加劇)全球的不平等。
51. (DE) volatile (不穩定的) 國際供應鏈受地緣政治影響,性質非常 volatile(變幻莫測、動盪不安)。
52. (CD) susceptible (易受影響的) 固定用法為 be susceptible to…。指礦產豐富的地區在不穩定的局勢下,極易受到外部剝削。
53. (CE) underscore (強調) 專家們 underscore(強調)了在未來十年中,道德採購必須成為首要任務。
54. (BE) resilient (具韌性的) 若沒有一個更 resilient(具韌性、穩固)的框架來規範採購,轉型可能會產生非預期的後果。
55. (ABD) curtail (縮減/阻礙) 最後一句警告,這種矛盾可能不經意地 curtail(縮減/阻礙)了轉型原本想要達成的進步。
重點單字複習
• Ostensibly (ABC): 表面上地(本題未選)。
• Subjects (AD): 國民/主題;作為動詞時有「使隸屬」之意(本題未選)。
• Panacea: 萬靈丹(出現在首句)。
• Environmental degradation: 環境退化/破壞。
The Artemis program represents a watershed moment in space exploration, marking humanity’s return to deep space after a hiatus of more than five decades. 56 The long gap between these missions is largely the result of shifting political priorities. Unlike the short-term nature of electoral cycles, deep-space exploration requires sustained national commitment over decades. 57
Beyond political constraints, the technical challenges of lunar missions remain substantial. The Moon is still a hazardous destination, as reflected in the historically high failure rate of landing attempts. Artemis is not a simple revival of Apollo but a more advanced and complex program. 58 Moreover, while advances in computing have greatly enhanced robotic exploration, they have not significantly reduced the cost or risk associated with human spaceflight.
The long-term goals of the Artemis program also differ markedly from the “flags and footprints” approach of the 1960s. Rather than brief visits, the aim is to establish a sustainable presence on the Moon. 59 A key element of this strategy is closer collaboration with the private sector; NASA increasingly acts as a client, working with companies such as SpaceX and Blue Origin within a competitive commercial landscape.
Recent progress has been supported by data from earlier robotic missions, which have identified water ice at the lunar poles—an essential resource for sustaining long-term human activity. At the same time, the geopolitical context has evolved. 60 As China advances its own lunar program with a target of around 2030, the prospect of a renewed space race is becoming increasingly plausible, highlighting the continuing importance of leadership in lunar exploration.
(AB) In practice, frequent changes in direction under successive presidential administrations have disrupted the continuity necessary for such ambitious undertakings.
(AC) Commercial commitments, international commitments and now the government—all three working together is what’s really enabled humans to get to this point.
(AD) The United States’ former rivalry with the Soviet Union has transitioned into a more complex competition involving a diverse array of nations with their own strategic lunar objectives.
(AE) While Artemis II is a lunar flyby rather than a landing, it marks a significant milestone: the first crewed mission to the lunar vicinity since the Apollo program in 1972.
(BC) Much of the industrial infrastructure and specialized expertise that supported the Apollo missions no longer exists, making a direct replication of 1960s technology impractical.
(BD) The protracted interval between these landmark missions is fundamentally a byproduct of oscillating political will and shifting national priorities.
(BE) This shift requires the development of durable habitats and adaptable landing systems capable of operating in the lunar environment for extended periods.
【解析】
56. (BD) The protracted interval… is fundamentally a byproduct of oscillating political will…
前一句提到人類在超過五十年後才重返深空。選項 (BD) 的 “protracted interval”(漫長的間隔)直接對應前文的 “hiatus of more than five decades”,並指出這是「動搖的政治意志」產生的副產品。
57. (AB) In practice, frequent changes in direction under successive presidential administrations…
前句提到深空探測需要「數十年的持續承諾」,與「選舉週期」不相稱。選項 (AB) 具體描述了現實中歷任政府 (successive presidential administrations) 的方向變動如何破壞了這種連續性。
58. (BC) Much of the industrial infrastructure… that supported the Apollo missions no longer exists…
前句強調阿提米絲並非阿波羅計畫的簡單重演,而是一個更先進複雜的計畫。選項 (BC) 給出了理由:當年的工業基礎設施與專業技術已不復存在,因此無法直接複製 (direct replication) 1960 年代的技術。
59. (BE) This shift requires the development of durable habitats and adaptable landing systems…
前句提到目標是建立「在月球的永續存在 (sustainable presence)」。選項 (BE) 的 “This shift” 指的就是從「短暫訪問」轉向「長期駐紮」,因此需要開發持久的棲息地 (durable habitats)。
60. (AD) The United States’ former rivalry with the Soviet Union has transitioned into a more complex competition…
段落開頭提到「地緣政治環境已演變」。選項 (AD) 具體描述了這種演變:從昔日與蘇聯 (Soviet Union) 的兩強爭霸,轉向現在包含中國等多國參與的複雜競爭環境,完美銜接後文提到的「中國預計 2030 年登月」。
重點單字與片語
• Watershed moment: 轉捩點 / 分水嶺。
• Hiatus: 停斷 / 間隙。
• Oscillating political will: 動搖不定、擺盪的政治意志。
• Sustained national commitment: 持續性的國家承諾。
• Protracted interval: 漫長的間隔。
• Successive presidential administrations: 歷任總統政府。
• Durable habitats: 持久的棲息地。
• Geopolitical context: 地緣政治背景。
61. While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
• Housing policy is a significant issue that local governments deal with, as making sure everyone has a decent place to live is an important general priority.
• Many regions have a shortage of affordable housing—the full time (40 hours a week/52 weeks a year) “housing wage” that a person would need to earn in order for a two-bedroom rental unit to be affordable by the official government standard is far higher than average wages.
• An “affordable dwelling” varies from city to city but is defined as one that a household can obtain for 30% or less of its income.
• Two basic types of policies that could make a difference in housing affordability are the government directly giving money or discounted housing to low-income families and increasing the number of dwellings in a given area by relaxing restrictions on the size of buildings that can be built, or by relaxing restrictions that mandate minimum sizes of individual dwelling units. Most cities tend to have several zoning rules that artificially restrict the supply of housing.
The student wants to emphasize the potential role of local government in creating affordable housing. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
(A) Everyone deserves a decent place to live and affordable housing uplifts residents, encourages social connections, reduces overcrowding, and local governments are the ones who should take the lead to provide it.
(B) For a home to be “affordable,” it should not cost more than 30% of the household income to buy or rent.
(C) Local governments can pass measures to increase the opportunities for affordable housing by creating policies that work for their constituents.
(D) The definition of affordable housing is not the same from state to state because the cost of living varies from state to state, so local governments must work to find out the numbers for their own town’s residents.
【解析】
為了選出最佳答案,我們必須比對筆記(Notes)中提到的具體手段與選項的關聯性:
• 筆記重點:
地方政府處理住宅政策(區域優先事項)。
目前平價住宅短缺(薪資趕不上房價)。
具體手段: 政府可以直接提供資金補貼,或者透過放寬區劃限制 (relaxing zoning restrictions) 來增加供應。
(A) 雖然提到了地方政府應該帶頭,但語氣偏向個人的「價值觀判斷」(每個人都值得…),且較少觸及筆記中提到的具體政策實施(如區劃與資金)。
(B) 僅是在定義何謂平價住宅(所得的 30%),完全沒有提到「地方政府的角色」。
(C) 正解:它明確指出了地方政府可以「通過措施 (pass measures)」來增加機會,並「制定政策 (creating policies)」。這直接回應了筆記最後一段關於「放寬建築大小限制」或「放寬區劃規則」等地方政府權限內的具體作為,最能體現「地方政府的角色」。
(D) 重心放在「定義」與「計算生活成本」,而非強調地方政府如何「創造」平價住宅。
補充說明:什麼是 Zoning Rules (區劃規則)?
在筆記中提到,地方政府能做的重要事情之一是放寬 Zoning Rules。這對理解地方政府的角色非常關鍵:
• 容積率與建蔽率: 規定一塊地上能蓋多高的樓、多少房間。如果放寬限制,建商就能在同樣的土地上蓋更多小單位的平價住宅。
• 用途管制: 規定哪些土地只能蓋單一家庭別墅(Single-family homes),若地方政府改為允許蓋公寓(Multi-family housing),就能有效增加供應量,降低房價。
結論
這類題目要選的不是「最感人」或「細節最多」的選項,而是最精準對應題目任務(地方政府 + 創造住宅的角色)的描述。選項 (C) 涵蓋了行動力與政策制定,是最適切的整合。
62. In the realm of microbiology, bacteriophages, or phages, play a pivotal role in a specialized biomedical application known as phage therapy. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria, and their unique ability to target specific bacterial strains makes them valuable tools for combating bacterial infections. Phage therapy involves utilizing these viruses to treat bacterial infections in a highly targeted manner, offering an alternative to traditional antibiotics. This specialized biomedical intervention has gained renewed interest as researchers explore personalized medicine, tailoring bacteriophages to individual patients based on the specific bacterial strains causing infections. The potential of phage therapy lies in its specificity and ability to evolve alongside bacteria, presenting a promising avenue in the ongoing battle against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Which of the following statements best explains why doctors are increasingly interested in phage therapy?
(A) Phage therapy is a valuable tool for combatting bacterial infections.
(B) It is based in microbiology and makes use of bacteriophages.
(C) It is the only way to combat illnesses caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
(D) Phage therapy can be personalized to address the needs of individual patients, making it a potential solution for unique or difficult-to-fight infections.
【解析】這題的正確答案是 (D)。
這段文章討論的是 噬菌體療法 (Phage Therapy)。噬菌體是一類專門感染細菌的病毒。醫生對其興趣日益增加,主要原因在於文章中提到的兩個關鍵概念:「高度針對性 (Highly targeted)」 與 「個人化醫療 (Personalized medicine)」。
• (A) 錯誤原因: 雖然敘述正確(噬菌體確實是對抗感染的工具),但這只是對噬菌體的基本定義,沒有具體說明為什麼醫生「越來越感興趣」。它缺乏文章後半段強調的「個人化」與「應對耐藥性」的進階優勢。
• (B) 錯誤原因: 這只是在陳述學科背景(微觀生物學),並未解釋其應用上的優勢或醫生感興趣的理由。
• (C) 錯誤原因: 語氣過於絕對。文章提到它是「一條有希望的道路 (promising avenue)」或「另一種選擇 (alternative)」,並未說它是「唯一 (the only way)」的方法。在閱讀測驗中,過於極端的字眼(如 only, always, never)通常是錯誤選項的標誌。
• (D) 正確原因: 此選項精準抓住了文章的核心重點。文中提到:”…exploring personalized medicine, tailoring bacteriophages to individual patients based on the specific bacterial strains…”。這說明了噬菌體療法能針對個別患者的具體病情進行調配,對於處理頑強或具抗藥性的細菌感染具有獨特價值。
補充知識:什麼是噬菌體 (Bacteriophage)?
為了讓你更清楚醫學上的應用,可以參考噬菌體的作用機制:
1. 專一性: 每一種噬菌體通常只攻擊特定種類的細菌,不會傷害人體細胞或腸道內的益生菌(這點優於傳統抗生素)。
2. 生命週期: 噬菌體會將自己的遺傳物質注入細菌,利用細菌的資源進行複製,最後導致細菌破裂死亡,並釋放出更多噬菌體去攻擊周圍的病原菌。
關鍵單字複習
• Pivotal: 關鍵的、核心的。
• Bacteriophage (Phage): 噬菌體。
• Antibiotic-resistant pathogens: 具抗藥性的病原體。
• Tailoring: 量身訂做、調整。
• Avenue: 途徑、手段。
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