1. Students who already have a sufficient ______ of written English often do not have the time or patience to follow a structured course of study.
(A) demand
(B) command
(C) control
(D) order
【解析】句意為「那些已經對英語書寫有充分_______的學生,通常沒有時間或耐心去修習結構化的課程。」
語境顯示學生已經具備足夠的「運用能力」或「掌握度」,故正確答案為
(B) command 掌握;運用能力
此單字在此處表示對語言或知識的熟練掌控程度。
常用片語:have a good command of 擅長於…;精通…
例句:She has an excellent command of the French language. 她精通法語。
同義詞:mastery, proficiency
反義詞:ignorance, inability
(A) demand 要求;需求
此單字表示強烈要求某事發生,或經濟學上對商品的需求。
常用片語:in high demand 需求量大
例句:There is a growing demand for organic food. 對有機食品的需求正日益增長。
同義詞:request, requirement
反義詞:supply, offer
(C) control 控制;管轄
此單字形容對某人、某物或某種情況的支配力或約束力。
常用短句:under control 在控制中
例句:The fire is now under control after hours of fighting. 經過數小時的奮戰,火勢現在已得到控制。
同義詞:regulation, authority
反義詞:chaos, freedom
(D) order 命令;秩序
此單字表示指示他人做事,或事物整齊、有條理的狀態。
常用短句:in alphabetical order 依字母順序
例句:The teacher struggled to keep the classroom in order. 老師努力維持教室的秩序。
同義詞:instruction, sequence
反義詞:disorder, confusion
2. Many people hope to secure a stable job with regular working hours and a reasonable ______, possibly in a large metropolitan city.
(A) traffic
(B) transportation
(C) journey
(D) commute
【解析】句意為「許多人希望在大型大都市中,獲得一份有穩定工時與合理_______的穩定工作。」
語境描述的是與工作、生活型態相關的通勤距離或時間,故正確答案為
(D) commute 通勤路程;上下班路程
此單字指從家中往返工作地點的過程或距離。
常用短句:a long commute 長距離通勤
例句:My morning commute takes about forty-five minutes by train. 我早上的通勤時間搭火車大約需要四十五分鐘。
同義詞:travel, shuttle
反義詞:staying at home, telecommuting
(A) traffic 交通;車流量
此單字指在道路上的車輛、行人或交通往來的情況。
常用片語:be stuck in traffic 困在車陣中
例句:I was late for the meeting because of heavy traffic. 因為交通擁擠,我開會遲到了。
同義詞:movement, transport
反義詞:stagnation, emptiness
(B) transportation 運輸;交通工具
此單字指將人或貨物從一處運送到另一處的系統或工具。
常用短句:public transportation 大眾運輸
例句:Bicycles are a cheap and efficient means of transportation. 腳踏車是一種既便宜又有效率的交通工具。
同義詞:transit, carriage
反義詞:immobility, stagnation
(C) journey 旅程;旅行
此單字通常指從一地到另一地的旅行過程,特別是距離較遠或花費時間較長的旅程。
常用片語:go on a journey 去旅行
例句:The journey from London to Edinburgh takes about four hours. 從倫敦到愛丁堡的旅程大約需要四個小時。
同義詞:trip, voyage
反義詞:stay, destination
3. As a child, I believed I had everything ______, imagining myself becoming different kinds of stars throughout the year and later pursuing various adventurous careers.
(A) figured out
(B) planned
(C) decided
(D) worked
【解析】句意為「當我還是個孩子時,我以為我已經把一切都_______了,想像自己一年到頭變成各種明星,隨後又追求各種冒險的職業。」
語境顯示作者在幼年時期對未來充滿了明確的(儘管是幻想的)理解與安排,應填入「弄清楚、理解、計畫好」,故正確答案為
(A) figured out 弄清楚;想通
(A) figured out 弄清楚;想通;解決
figure something out(把某事弄明白)
figure out a way(想出一個辦法)
It took me a long time to figure out how to use the new software.
我花了很長時間才弄清楚如何使用這套新軟體
同義詞:understand, solve
反義詞:misunderstand, confuse
(B) planned 計畫;安排
plan ahead(事先計畫)
a well-planned event(精心策劃的活動)
We have planned a surprise party for her birthday next week.
我們已經為她下週的生日計畫了一個驚喜派對。
同義詞:arranged, scheduled
反義詞:unplanned, spontaneous
(C) decided 決定;確定的
decide on something(決定某事)
a decided advantage(明顯的優勢)
She finally decided to quit her job and travel around the world.
她最終決定辭掉工作去環遊世界。
同義詞:determined, settled
反義詞:undecided, hesitant
(D) worked 工作;運作;解決
work something out(解決問題;算出)
work hard(努力工作)
The math problem was difficult, but he worked it out in the end.
那道數學題很難,但他最後還是把它解出來了。
若要選 D,通常需接 out(work it out)才符合「解決/想出」的語意。
同義詞:operated, labored
反義詞:idle, failed
4. The root ten or tain, derived from the Latin word tenere (“to hold on”), can be combined with ______, suffixes, and other roots to form many English words.
(A) phrases
(B) tenses
(C) clauses
(D) prefixes
【解析】句意為「字根 ten 或 tain 衍生自拉丁文單字 tenere(意為『握住』),可以與_______、字尾以及其他字根結合,組成許多英文單字。」
語境是在討論單字的結構組成,通常單字是由字首、字根與字尾所構成,故正確答案為
(D) prefixes 字首
(A) phrases 片語;詞組
a catchy phrase(朗朗上口的片語)
He used a lot of technical phrases that I didn’t understand.
他使用了許多我不懂的專業術語片語。
同義詞:expressions, idioms
反義詞:single words, clauses
(B) tenses 時態
You should pay attention to the verb tenses when writing your essay.
寫文章時,你應該注意動詞的時態。
(C) clauses 子句
main clause(主要子句)
subordinate clause(從屬子句)
A complex sentence consists of at least one main clause and one dependent clause.
一個複句至少由一個主要子句和一個從屬子句組成。
同義詞:phrases (廣義), sentence parts
反義詞:whole sentences, phrases (窄義)
(D) prefixes 字首;前綴
add a prefix(加上字首)
common prefixes(常見的字首)
In the word “unhappy,” “un-” is a prefix that means “not.”
在 “unhappy” 這個單字中,”un-” 是一個意指「不」的字首。
同義詞:affixes (包含字首字尾)
反義詞:suffixes (字尾)
5. ______ for content is a useful reading skill that allows you to grasp the main idea of a passage without reading every word.
(A) Scanning
(B) Skimming
(C) Browsing
(D) Glancing
【解析】句意為「針對內容進行_______是一種實用的閱讀技巧,能讓你無需讀過每個單字就能掌握文章的大意。」
語境描述的是一種為了快速獲取「大意」而非尋找「特定資訊」的閱讀方式,故正確答案為
(B) Skimming 略讀
(A) Scanning 掃描;尋找特定資訊
scan for details(搜尋細節)
quick scan(快速掃描)
I scanned the newspaper looking for the sports results.
我掃描了報紙,尋找體育賽事的結果。
同義詞:browse, survey
反義詞:study, scrutinize
(B) Skimming 略讀;瀏覽大意
skim through a book(略讀一本書)
skim for the main idea(略讀以掌握主旨)
She skimmed the first few pages to get the gist of the story.
她略讀了前幾頁,以了解故事的大意。
同義詞:glance, speed-read
反義詞:read thoroughly, pore over
(C) Browsing 隨意翻閱;瀏覽
browse the internet(上網瀏覽)
browse through a shop(在店裡隨便看看)
I spent the afternoon browsing in the library.
我整個下午都在圖書館裡隨意翻閱。
同義詞:leaf through, skim
反義詞:examine, investigate
(D) Glancing 瞥一眼;掃視
glance at one’s watch(瞄一眼手錶)
at first glance(乍看之下)
He glanced at his phone to check the time.
他瞄了一眼手機看時間。
同義詞:peek, glimpse
反義詞:stare, gaze
6. An IQ test typically includes sections such as comprehension, problem-solving, and ______, all of which assess different aspects of cognitive ability.
(A) logic
(B) judgment
(C) reasoning
(D) perception
【解析】句意為「智力測驗通常包括理解、問題解決和_______等部分,所有這些都評估認知能力的不同方面。」
語境是在描述智力測驗中常見的測驗範疇,除了理解力與問題解決力,推論/推理能力是智力測驗的核心要素,故正確答案為
(C) reasoning 推理;推論
(A) logic 邏輯
logical thinking(邏輯思考)
lack of logic(缺乏邏輯)
There is no logic in your argument.
你的論點毫無邏輯可言。
同義詞:reason, sense
反義詞:irrationality, unreasonableness
(B) judgment 判斷;審判
good judgment(良好的判斷力)
pass judgment on(對…做出評價/判斷)
In my judgment, we should wait another week before making a decision.
根據我的判斷,我們應該再等一週再做決定。
同義詞:assessment, evaluation
反義詞:indecision, miscalculatio
(C) reasoning 推理;推論;理智
deductive reasoning(演繹推理)
logical reasoning(邏輯推理)
The detective used his powers of reasoning to solve the mystery.
偵探利用他的推理能力解開了這個謎團。
同義詞:deduction, thinking
反義詞:instinct, intuition
(D) perception 感知;察覺;看法
visual perception(視覺感知)
public perception(公眾認知/看法)
Alcohol can reduce your depth perception and slow your reaction time.
酒精會降低你的深度知覺並減慢反應時間。
同義詞:insight, awareness
反義詞:ignorance, blindness
7. Recent discoveries in brain research suggest that emotional stability plays a more important role than IQ in ______ an individual’s success in life.
(A) deciding
(B) determining
(C) concluding
(D) evaluating
【解析】句意為「大腦研究的最新發現顯示,在_______一個人的人生成功與否時,情緒穩定性扮演的角色比智力更為重要。」
語境強調某種因素(情緒穩定性)是影響或決定最終結果的關鍵力量,故正確答案為
(B) determining 決定;確定
(A) deciding 決定;下定決心
decide to do something(決定做某事)
a deciding factor(關鍵因素)
They are still deciding where to go for their summer vacation.
他們還在決定暑假要去哪裡玩。
同義詞:choosing, settling
反義詞:wavering, hesitating
(B) determining 決定;左右;測定
determine the cause(確定原因)
be determined to succeed(下定決心要成功)
Your attitude, not your aptitude, will determine your altitude.
決定你高度的是你的態度,而不是你的天賦。
同義詞:shaping, dictating
反義詞:doubting, following
(C) concluding 結束;推斷出
conclude a meeting(結束會議)
conclude from the evidence(從證據中推斷)
The jury concluded that the defendant was innocent.
陪審團斷定被告是無辜的。
同義詞:finishing, inferring
反義詞:starting, beginning
(D) evaluating 評估;評價
evaluate performance(評估表現)
evaluate the risk(評估風險)
It’s important to evaluate the results of the experiment carefully.
仔細評估實驗結果是非常重要的。
同義詞:assessing, appraising
反義詞:neglecting, ignoring
8. Short stories often convey their message with such ______ that the impact on the reader can be powerful and unforgettable.
(A) accuracy
(B) detail
(C) clarity
(D) precision
【解析】句意為「短篇小說常以如此簡潔且精確的語言傳達訊息,以至於對讀者產生的影響可能是強大且難以忘懷的。」
語境強調短篇小說受限於篇幅,必須用「精確、簡練」的文字來達成強大的情感衝擊,故正確答案為
(D) precision 精確;嚴謹
(A) accuracy 準確性;正確
with great accuracy(非常準確地)
check the accuracy(核對準確性)
The new system can predict the weather with surprising accuracy.
新系統可以驚人準確地預測天氣。
同義詞:correctness, exactness
反義詞:inaccuracy, error
(B) detail 細節;詳情
in great detail(非常詳細地)
go into detail(逐一詳述)
She described the scene in such detail that I could almost see it.
她如此詳細地描述了那個場景,以至於我幾乎能看到它。
同義詞:particular, specific
反義詞:generality, whole
(C) clarity 清楚;明晰
clarity of thought(思緒清晰)
lack of clarity(缺乏清晰度)
The main advantage of this report is its clarity and conciseness.
這份報告的主要優點在於其清晰與簡潔。
同義詞:clearness, transparency
反義詞:ambiguity, confusion
(D) precision 精確;精密
with precision(精確地)
scientific precision(科學式的嚴謹精確)
The dancers performed the routine with military precision.
舞者們以如軍隊般精確的動作完成了這套舞步。
同義詞:exactness, accuracy
反義詞:vagueness, imprecision
9. The company’s sudden policy change triggered a strong public ______, with many customers expressing anger and disappointment.
(A) response
(B) reaction
(C) backlash
(D) resistance
【解析】句意為「公司突然的政策轉變引發了強烈的公眾_______,許多客戶表達了憤怒與失望。」
語境顯示這不只是普通的反應,而是帶有強烈負面情緒且針對性的「反彈」或「集體抗議」,故正確答案為
(C) backlash 強烈反彈;集體反對
(A) response 回應;回答
in response to(作為對…的回應)
immediate response(立即的回應)
The company received a positive response to its new product.
公司的新產品收到了積極的回應。
同義詞:reply, feedback
反義詞:question, request
(B) reaction 反應;感應
chain reaction(連鎖反應)
initial reaction(最初的反應)
What was his reaction when you told him the news?
當你告訴他這個消息時,他有什麼反應?
同義詞:response, reflex
反義詞:cause, action
(C) backlash 強烈反彈;抵制
public backlash(公眾的反彈)
backlash against something(對某事的集體反對)
There has been a fierce backlash against the proposed tax increase.
對於提議的增稅方案,出現了激烈的反彈。
同義詞:outcry, retaliation
反義詞:acceptance, approval
(D) resistance 抵抗;阻力
passive resistance(消極抵抗)
meet with resistance(遭遇阻力)
The new management encountered a lot of resistance from the workers.
新的管理層遭到了工人們的強烈抵制。
同義詞:opposition, defiance
反義詞:submission, compliance
10. Using another person’s ideas or words without proper citation is considered ______ and may result in serious academic consequences.
(A) plagiarism
(B) fabrication
(C) falsification
(D) misinterpretation
【解析】句意為「未經適當引用而使用他人的想法或文字被視為_______,且可能導致嚴重的學術後果。」
語境描述的是學術倫理中最常見的「抄襲」行為,即挪用他人成果而不註明出處,故正確答案為
(A) plagiarism 抄襲;剽竊
(A) plagiarism 抄襲;剽竊
accused of plagiarism(被指控抄襲)
detect plagiarism(偵測抄襲)
The student was expelled from the university for plagiarism in his final essay.
這名學生因在期末論文中抄襲而被大學開除。
同義詞:copying, piracy
反義詞:originality, authenticity
(B) fabrication 捏造;偽造
fabrication of evidence(捏造證據)
pure fabrication(純屬虛構)
The story about his heroic deeds was a complete fabrication.
關於他英勇事蹟的故事完全是捏造的。
同義詞:invention, forgery
反義詞:truth, reality
(C) falsification 篡改;偽造
falsification of data(數據篡改)
document falsification(文件偽造)
Falsification of medical records is a serious criminal offense.
篡改醫療紀錄是嚴重的刑事犯罪。
同義詞:alteration, manipulation
反義詞:verification, validation
(D) misinterpretation 誤解;錯誤詮釋
open to misinterpretation(容易引起誤解)
a common misinterpretation(常見的誤解)
His silence was a misinterpretation of his true feelings.
他的沈默讓人誤解了他的真實感受。
同義詞:misunderstanding, misconception
反義詞:understanding, clarification
One of the most intriguing types of ghost stories is that of the phantom hitchhiker. Such stories are particularly (1) because they suggest that ghosts may come into direct contact with the living. Even more (2) is the fact that these spirits are often described as appearing and behaving just like ordinary people, sometimes even interacting physically with those who pick them up. A typical version of the story involves a driver traveling alone at night who offers a ride to a stranger. After dropping the passenger off at a certain location, the driver later (3) that the person had actually died long before the encounter, often on that very same date. Like many ghost stories, such accounts are difficult to (4) and are generally regarded as urban legends. Nevertheless, these tales continue to (5) the imagination of many, leaving it up to each individual to decide whether to believe them.
1.(A) reassuring(B) unsettling(C) convincing(D) misleading
2.(A) predictable(B) disturbing(C) reasonable(D) acceptable
3.(A) ignores(B) doubts(C) discovers(D) assumes
4.(A) verify(B) expand(C) revise(D) classify
5.(A) capture(B) limit(C) enlarge(D) resist
【解析】
1. (B) unsettling 使人不安的;心神不寧的
句意為「這類故事特別_______,因為它們暗示幽靈可能與活人直接接觸。」語境顯示幽靈與活人接觸通常會帶來恐懼或不安感
(B) unsettling 使人不安的;心神不寧的
an unsettling experience(一次令人不安的經驗)
The silence in the old house was very unsettling.
(這棟老房子裡的寂靜讓人感到非常不安。)
同義詞:disturbing / 反義詞:reassuring
(A) reassuring 使人感到寬慰的
a reassuring smile(寬慰的微笑)
The doctor’s calm voice was very reassuring to the nervous patient.
(醫生冷靜的聲音讓緊張的病人感到很寬慰。)
同義詞:comforting / 反義詞:alarming
(C) convincing 有說服力的
a convincing argument(有說服力的論點)
The lawyer provided convincing evidence that the man was innocent.(律師提供了有說服力的證據證明該男子是無辜的。)
同義詞:persuasive / 反義詞:implausible
(D) misleading 誤導的
misleading information(誤導性的資訊)
The advertisement was misleading, as the product did not work as promised.(廣告具有誤導性。)
同義詞:deceptive / 反義詞:honest
2. (B) disturbing 令人不安的;困擾的
句意為「更_______的事實是,這些靈魂通常被描述為外表和行為就像普通人一樣。」語境強調幽靈融入人群且難以辨認的特性更令人感到不適,故正確答案為 (B)。
(B) disturbing 令人不安的;困擾的
disturbing images(令人不安的影像)
It is disturbing to think that such crimes could happen in our neighborhood.(想到這類犯罪可能發生在我們社區,真是令人不安。)
詞彙對比: 同義詞:upsetting / 反義詞:pleasing
(A) predictable 可預測的
a predictable outcome(可預見的結果)
The ending of the movie was very predictable.(這部電影的結局非常平庸且好猜。)
同義詞:expected / 反義詞:unpredictable
(C) reasonable 合理的
a reasonable price(合理的價格)
It seems reasonable to assume that they will be late.(假設他們會遲到似乎是很合理的。)
同義詞:sensible / 反義詞:irrational
(D) acceptable 可接受的
socially acceptable(社會認可的)
Is this behavior considered acceptable in your culture?(這種行為在你們的文化中被認為是可接受的嗎?)
同義詞:satisfactory / 反義詞:unacceptable
3. (C) discovers 發現;發覺
句意為「在將乘客送到某個地點後,司機隨後_______那個人其實在相遇前很久就已經去世了。」語境描述故事的轉折點,司機在事後得知了真相,故正確答案為 (C)。
(C) discovers 發現;發覺
discover the truth(發現真相)
The police discovered a secret room behind the bookshelf.(警方在書架後方發現了一個秘密房間。)
同義詞:find out / 反義詞:hide
(A) ignores 忽略
ignore advice(忽視建議)
He ignores my texts every time I ask him for a favor.(每次我請他幫忙時,他都會無視我的訊息。)
同義詞:neglect / 反義詞:notice
(B) doubts 懷疑
have doubts about(對…懷疑)
She doubts whether he is telling the whole truth.(她懷疑他是否說出了全部真相。)
同義詞:question / 反義詞:believe
(D) assumes 假設
assume responsibility(承擔責任)
I assume that you have already finished your homework.(我假設你已經完成作業了。)
同義詞:suppose / 反義詞:prove
4. (A) verify 證實;核實
句意為「像許多鬼故事一樣,這類敘述很難_______,通常被視為都市傳說。」語境說明鬼故事缺乏證據,難以證明其真實性
(A) verify 證實;核實
verify the facts(核實事實)
Please verify that all the information you provided is correct.(請核實您提供的所有資訊是否正確。)
同義詞:confirm / 反義詞:disprove
(B) expand 擴張
expand the business(擴展業務)
The company plans to expand its market into Europe next year.(公司計畫明年擴展業務。)
同義詞:enlarge / 反義詞:shrink
(C) revise 修訂
revise a plan(修改計畫)
You need to revise your essay before submitting it.(你在提交文章之前需要再修訂一下。)
同義詞:modify / 反義詞:maintain
(D) classify 分類
classify books by genre(按類型分類書籍)
Biologists classify living things into different kingdoms.(生物學家將生物分成不同的界。)
同義詞:categorize / 反義詞:disorganize
5. (A) capture 捕捉;吸引(注意力/想像力)
句意為「儘管如此,這些故事繼續_______許多人的想像力,留給每個人自己決定是否相信。」語境描述這些故事長久以來對人們思想的吸引力與影響力,
(A) capture 捕捉;吸引(注意力/想像力)
capture one’s imagination(捕捉某人的想像力)
The movie’s stunning visual effects captured the imagination of audiences worldwide.(這部電影驚人的視覺效果吸引了全球觀眾。)
同義詞:seize / 反義詞:release
(B) limit 限制
speed limit(限速)
We should limit the amount of time children spend on tablets.(我們應該限制孩子使用平板的時間。)
同義詞:restrict / 反義詞:increase
(C) enlarge 擴大
enlarge a photo(放大照片)
They decided to enlarge their house by adding another room.(他們決定加蓋房間來擴大房子。)
同義詞:expand / 反義詞:reduce
(D) resist 抵抗
resist temptation(抵擋誘惑)
It’s hard to resist eating chocolate when it’s right in front of you.(當巧克力就在面前時,很難抗拒它。)
同義詞:oppose / 反義詞:surrender
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping modern business. Companies are increasingly (1) AI to forecast demand, recruit personnel, and manage customer relations. Investment in AI has surged, and some experts argue that its long-term impact may rival that of earlier technological breakthroughs. Yet such projections also (2) unease. Many fear that AI may displace workers more quickly than it generates new opportunities, while control over data may (3) market dominance in the hands of a few powerful firms. Less apparent, but equally consequential, is AI’s influence within the workplace. By means of AI, employers can (4) employee behavior with remarkable precision, using data to evaluate and optimize performance. Although workplace monitoring is not unprecedented, AI renders such surveillance increasingly (5) , as vast quantities of data can now be systematically analyzed. Nevertheless, regulatory frameworks remain limited, and employees often acquiesce to such practices without fully grasping their implications.
1.(A) exploiting(B) harnessing(C) manipulating(D) deploying
2.(A) alleviate(B) evoke(C) justify(D) restrain
3.(A) disperse(B) diversify(C) undermine(D) consolidate
4.(A) scrutinize(B) supervise(C) overlook(D) dictate
5.(A) redundant(B) intrusive(C) viable(D) negligible
【解析】這篇短文主要探討人工智慧(AI)如何重塑現代商業,並分析其帶來的效益與潛在的社會風險(如失業、市場壟斷與職場監控)。
題號 答案 關鍵字與解釋
1 (B) harnessing (利用)。原文指公司越來越常「利用」AI 來預測需求與管理。雖然 (D) deploying (部署) 語法通順,但在商業語境中,harness (原意為套上馬具) 常用於指「開發並利用某種技術的力量」。
2 (B) evoke (喚起/引起)。後文提到「不安 (unease)」,因此這裡指這些預測也「引起」了人們的擔憂。 (A) alleviate 是減輕,(D) restrain 是克制,語意相反。
3 (D) consolidate (鞏固/加強)。上下文提到對數據的控制可能使市場主導權「鞏固」在少數大企業手中。(A) disperse (分散) 與 (B) diversify (多樣化) 剛好相反。
4 (A) scrutinize (詳細檢查/細察)。指雇主能以驚人的精確度「審查」員工行為。 (B) supervise (監督) 雖然也行,但 scrutinize 更能體現出 AI 數據分析那種「徹底、細微」的檢查感。
5 (B) intrusive (侵入性的/干擾的)。因為 AI 能分析海量數據,使這種監控變得更加「具侵入性」(侵犯隱私)。(A) redundant 是多餘的,(D) negligible 是微不足道的,皆不符。
________________________________________
全文重點單字彙整
• Reshaping (v.): 重塑
• Forecast (v.): 預測
• Surge (v.): 激增
• Displace (v.): 取代 / 使…流離失所
• Unprecedented (adj.): 史無前例的
• Surveillance (n.): 監控 / 監視
• Acquiesce (v.): 默許 / 勉強同意
• Implication (n.): 可能的影響 / 暗示
________________________________________
全文翻譯
人工智慧 (AI) 正在迅速重塑現代商業。企業越來越多地利用 (harnessing) AI 來預測需求、招募人才並管理客戶關係。對 AI 的投資大幅增加,一些專家認為其長期影響可能與早期的技術突破不相上下。然而,這些預測也引起 (evoke) 了不安。許多人擔心 AI 取代工人的速度可能快於創造新機會的速度,而對數據的控制可能會使市場主導權鞏固 (consolidate) 在少數幾家強大的公司手中。
較不明顯但同樣具有深遠影響的是 AI 在職場內部的影響。藉由 AI,雇主可以利用數據以驚人的精確度細察 (scrutinize) 員工的行為,進而評估並優化表現。雖然職場監控並非史無前例,但隨著大量數據現在可以被系統地分析,AI 使得這種監控變得日益具有侵入性 (intrusive)。儘管如此,監管框架仍然有限,員工往往在未完全掌握其影響的情況下,就默許了這些做法。
這裡為你整理這五題所有選項的詳細字義、同義字(Synonyms)與反義字(Antonyms),幫助你更全面地掌握這些詞彙。
________________________________________
1. 關於「利用與開發」
(A) exploiting: 利用、剝削。同義:utilizing, manipulating
反義:neglecting, wasting
(B) harnessing: 利用(天性、能量、技術等)以產生動力。
同義:utilizing, leveraging, channeling反義:ignoring, releasing
(C) manipulating: 操縱、擺佈(通常帶有負面意涵)。
同義:controlling, influencing反義:leaving alone
(D) deploying: 部署、配置(常用於軍事或系統上線)。
同義:positioning, implementing反義:withdrawing
2. 關於「情緒與心理」
(A) alleviate: 減輕、緩和。
同義:relieve, ease, soothe反義:aggravate, intensify
(B) evoke: 喚起(記憶、情感)、引起。
同義:arouse, induce, provoke反義:suppress, quell
(C) justify: 證明…為正當、辯護。
同義:defend, warrant反義:condemn, disprove
(D) restrain: 抑制、克制。
同義:curb, restrict, inhibit反義:encourage, release
3. 關於「市場結構」
(A) disperse: 分散、散開。
同義:scatter, diffuse反義:gather, collect
(B) diversify: 多樣化、分散投資。
同義:expand, vary反義:specialize, simplify
(C) undermine: 暗中破壞、削弱。
同義:weaken, sabotage反義:strengthen, bolster
(D) consolidate: 鞏固、合併。
同義:strengthen, unite, merge反義:weaken, divide
4. 關於「觀察與管理」
(A) scrutinize: 詳細檢查、細查。
同義:examine, inspect, analyze反義:glance, skim, ignore
(B) supervise: 監督、指導。
同義:oversee, monitor, manage反義:follow, submit
(C) overlook: 忽略、俯瞰。
同義:ignore, neglect, miss反義:notice, observe
(D) dictate: 聽寫、口授、指令。
同義:command, order反義:request, ask
5. 關於「程度與影響」
(A) redundant: 多餘的、被裁員的。
同義:superfluous, excess反義:essential, necessary
(B) intrusive: 侵入性的、打擾的。
同義:invasive, meddlesome, prying反義:unobtrusive, respectful
(C) viable: 可行的、能活下去的。
同義:feasible, workable, practical反義:impossible, unworkable
(D) negligible: 微不足道的。
同義:insignificant, trivial反義:significant, crucial
1 “As a result, climate change is likely to deepen existing global inequalities.” Millions of people in East Africa are suffering from severe drought, while violent storms continue to damage parts of Southeast Asia. Coffee farmers in Central America are also facing declining yields due to rising temperatures.
(A) Poorer nations are generally less able to cope with such environmental changes and are often located in regions where climate conditions are more extreme.
(B) As global temperatures rise, these countries are expected to bear the greatest burden.
(C) Experts estimate that by 2030, billions of dollars will be required annually for adaptation efforts.
(D) In addition, higher borrowing costs make it even more difficult for these nations to respond effectively.
(E) This may lead to a worsening cycle of vulnerability and financial strain
【解析】
1. 分析引句 (The Target Sentence):
“As a result, climate change is likely to deepen existing global inequalities.”
(因此,氣候變遷可能會加深現有的全球不平等。)
關鍵詞: As a result (因此)。這表示前文必須提到一個「因」(例如:不同地區受災程度不同),而後文則會推導出「不平等加劇」這個「果」。
2. 文本邏輯推導:
前文 (Intro): 提到東非乾旱、東南亞風暴、中美洲咖啡減產。這是在描述「災情分布不均」。
(A) 處之後: 提到貧窮國家應對能力較弱,且地理位置通常位於氣候極端的區域。
(B) 處之前: 延續 (A) 的邏輯,指出隨著全球氣溫上升,這些(貧窮)國家將承擔最大的負擔。
插入點 (B):
因為「窮國負擔最重」(因),所以導致「全球不平等加深」(果)。
接在 (B) 處後,邏輯最為順暢,因為接下來的 (C) 開始談論具體的「適應成本(adaptation efforts)」,這正好是解決「不平等」所需的具體經濟數字。
3. 為什麼其他位置不適合?
(A):太早,還沒解釋為什麼窮國負擔重。
(C):這裡已經進入具體的「金額預估」,如果把「不平等」放在這,會打斷關於財務支出的討論。
(D) & (E):這兩處在討論「借貸成本」與「脆弱循環」,屬於不平等的具體延伸細節,而非總結性的因果關係。
重點單字與結構
Inequality (n.): 不平等
Cope with (phr.): 應對、處理
Bear the burden (phr.): 承擔負擔
Adaptation (n.): 適應(在氣候議題指「氣候調適」)
Vulnerability (n.): 脆弱性
2. “Meanwhile, it has also diverted attention from other ongoing global threats.” The COVID-19 pandemic has shown how a global risk can quickly become a widespread crisis, affecting both public health and economic stability.
(A) In the short term, it has intensified problems such as job losses and declining social trust.
(B) At the same time, long-term challenges like climate change and technological inequality remain unresolved.
(C) Although vaccines were developed rapidly, the crisis revealed the limits of reactive responses.
(D) Greater preparation and international cooperation might have reduced the damage.
(E) This experience highlights both the risks the world faces and the opportunity to build a more resilient future
【解析】
1. 分析引句 (The Target Sentence):
“Meanwhile, it has also diverted attention from other ongoing global threats.”
(同時,它也轉移了人們對其他持續存在的全球威脅的注意力。)
Meanwhile (同時/在此期間):表示這件事與前文提到的 pandemic 影響並行。
Diverted attention from… (轉移注意力):這是一個關鍵的邏輯轉折。前文可能在談論疫情帶來的直接衝擊,而這句話要開啟「其他被忽略的議題」。
2. 文本邏輯推導:
前文 (Intro): 提到 COVID-19 是一個全球風險,影響了公共衛生與經濟穩定。
(A) 處之後: 描述疫情造成的「直接、短期」問題(失業、社會信任下降)。這依然是在講疫情「本身」的影響。
插入點 (B):
在此處插入「它轉移了對其他威脅的注意力」。
(B) 處之後緊接著提到 “long-term challenges like climate change and technological inequality” (如氣候變遷與技術不平等的長期挑戰)。
這兩者完美對應:引句提到「其他威脅」,(B) 後面的內容則「具體列舉」了這些威脅是什麼。
3. 為什麼其他位置不適合?
(C):後續談論疫苗開發與反應機制,屬於疫情應對的檢討,與「轉移注意力到其他威脅」無關。
(D):討論國際合作降低損害,主題偏向「如何預防」。
(E):這是全段的總結,強調未來的韌性(resilient future),不適合放入轉折性質的句子。
重點單字與片語
Divert attention from (phr.): 轉移對…的注意力
Ongoing (adj.): 持續進行中的
Intensify (v.): 強化、加劇
Reactive (adj.): 反應性的、被動應對的(相對於 proactive 主動預防)
Resilient (adj.): 有韌性的、能迅速恢復的
3. “In this way, the event serves as a platform for promoting global health awareness.” World Health Day is observed annually to raise awareness of global health issues. It also marks the founding of the World Health Organization (WHO).
(A) Many organizations participate in activities to promote public health.
(B) These events are often organized around specific themes each year.
(C) Health is considered essential because it affects both individual well-being and national development.
(D) Without good health, people may struggle to contribute productively to society.
(E) Therefore, raising awareness of health issues remains a global priority.
【解析】
1. 前提 (C): 健康被視為極其重要,因為它不只關乎個人,更關乎國家的發展 (National development)。
2. 連結詞 (In this way): 「就這點而言」或「以此觀之」。
這裡的 “In this way” 不能譯作「透過這種方式」,而要理解為 「基於上述的理由」 或 「就這個層面來說」。
因為健康對國家發展至關重要,所以這項活動(世界衛生日)便扮演了推廣全球健康意識的重要平台。
雖然 (B) 在語意上看起來很像「方式」,但在更宏觀的寫作邏輯中,(C) 提供了一個「為什麼我們需要這個平台」的根本原因 (Justification):
層次提升: (B) 只是在講活動的「技術細節」(主題、組織),而 (C) 將健康提升到了「國家發展」的層級。
對應關係: 文章後段提到 World Health Organization (WHO) 的創立。WHO 的宗旨正是將健康視為基本人權與全球發展的基礎。選 (C) 能在理論高度上與 WHO 的神聖性進行對接。
關鍵詞 “In this way” 的多重譯法
這道題目的難點在於對 “In this way” 的理解。在不同的語境下,它的含義會產生細微變化:
• 解釋 A (手段): 「透過這樣的方法」(這會導向 B)。
• 解釋 B (觀點): 「從這個角度來看」或「就此意義而言」(這會導向 C)。
(C) 健康影響國家發展。就此意義而言,這項活動(推廣健康)就成了一個重要的全球平台。
4. “This background played a crucial role in shaping her character and approach to leadership.” Angela Merkel has been recognized as one of the most powerful women in the world and served as Germany’s first female chancellor.
(A) She grew up in East Germany, where strict political conditions taught her to be cautious and observant.
(B) These early experiences shaped her leadership style, as she tends to analyze situations carefully before making decisions.
(C) After becoming chancellor in 2005, she introduced policies that strengthened Germany’s economy and improved social welfare.
(D) During the global financial crisis, her actions helped Germany maintain economic stability.
(E) Her leadership has had a lasting impact on both Germany and the international community.
【解析】前言: 介紹梅克爾是女總理、權勢女性。
(A) 背景描述: 她在東德長大,環境教會她審慎觀察。
(B) 性格形塑: 這些早期經驗形塑了她的領導風格,讓她傾向仔細分析。
在此時,文章已經講完了「背景」也講完了「領導風格」。
插入句 (C): 「這樣的背景(指 A 和 B 的綜合情況)在塑造她的性格與領導方式中扮演了關鍵角色。」
命題者在這裡將這句話當成一個**「小結 (Summary Statement)」**,用來蓋棺論定前兩句所描述的東德生活與分析性格。
(C) 之後的內容: 轉入她當上總理後的具體政績(經濟、社會福利)。
為什麼這題會讓你覺得應該選 B?
我們通常受到的英文寫作訓練是 “Linear Cohesion”(線性銜接):
看到 “This background”,直覺就是要緊跟在 “Grew up in East Germany” 後面。
依照這個邏輯,(B) 確實是最順的。
為什麼官方公告 (C)?
官方的邏輯可能是 “Sandwich Structure”(三明治結構):
• 層次一: 描述背景事實 (A)。
• 層次二: 描述背景帶來的直接性格影響 (B)。
• 層次三(插入句): 總結這個背景與領導力的關聯,作為「早年生活」與「執政生涯」之間的轉折點。
• 層次四: 開始講執政後的具體表現 (C, D, E)。
也就是說,官方認為這句話的作用是**「幫早年背景收尾」**,而不是「引出背景的細節」。
總結兩題的「官方偏好」
觀察這兩題(第 3 題與第 4 題),我們可以發現這份試卷的命題特點:
喜歡將「結論性語句」放在段落中間作為轉折: 雖然我們覺得它像「引言」,但官方把它當成「過渡小結」。
不執著於代名詞的立即性: 它允許在代名詞(This background/In this way)出現前,先鋪陳一段比較長的描述,再用這句話來包攬前面的內容。
5. “Such findings challenge long-held beliefs about intelligence and aging.” It was once believed that IQ remained fixed throughout life, but studies have shown that it can improve with mental training.
(A) People who engage in complex tasks tend to see increases in their IQ, while those with less demanding work may experience decline.
(B) Similarly, the brain does not necessarily weaken with age.
(C) In fact, older adults can strengthen their mental abilities through activities such as reading and learning new skills.
(D) Many misconceptions arise from a lack of understanding.
(E) Therefore, we should remain open to new knowledge as scientific discoveries continue to evolve.
【解析】這組題目的「官方邏輯」確實非常獨特,甚至可以說是有點「反直覺」。
連續三題(第 3、4、5 題)看下來,我們已經可以歸納出這套考題的出題者有一套非常固定的「三段式論證」邏輯。這跟一般英文老師教的「線性銜接(A句指代B句)」完全不同。
如果第 5 題的答案是 (E),這代表命題者的思維路徑如下:
________________________________________
1. 官方邏輯拆解 (答案為 E)
當我們把句子放入 (E) 的位置時,整個段落的結構變成了:
• 第一段:提出論點與證據 (Fact-finding Phase)
o 開頭:智商不是固定的。
o (A):複雜工作增加智商。
o (B):大腦不隨年齡衰退。
o (C):老人可以強化心智。
o (D):許多誤解源於缺乏理解。
• 第二段:插入句——定性評價 (Qualitative Statement)
o “Such findings challenge long-held beliefs about intelligence and aging.”
o 這句話在此處扮演了「分水嶺」的角色。它把前面提到的所有科學發現(A, B, C)做了一個大總結,並將其定義為「對舊信念的挑戰」。
• 第三段:最後結語 (Actionable Conclusion)
o (E) Therefore, we should remain open…(因此,我們應保持開放態度。)
2. 為什麼我們(考生)會覺得 (B) 或 (C) 比較好?
大部分受過訓練的考生會根據 “Such findings” 這個指示代名詞,尋找它前面的「複數發現」。
• 在 (A) 提到智力提升、(B) 提到老化不衰退後,資訊就已經齊全了。
• 按照線性邏輯,應該立刻在 (B) 或 (C) 插入。
3. 官方為何堅持放在 (E)?
從官方的角度看,這是在測試你對「論點完備性」的判斷:
1. 資訊完整性: 命題者認為,必須把「智力」和「老化」的所有細節(A, B, C)甚至「誤解的來源」(D) 通通講完,才算完成了「Findings」的鋪陳。
2. 層次感:
o 先講 細節(A, B, C, D)。
o 再講 評價(插入句:這些發現挑戰了舊觀念)。
o 最後講 啟示(E:因此我們要開放心胸)。
這就像寫論文的摘要:實驗數據 → 數據意義 → 建議行動。 官方答案 (E) 剛好就卡在「數據意義」與「建議行動」之間。
Social networking has increasingly become a significant channel for career development. Individuals are often exposed to job opportunities through online interactions, making it essential to maintain a professional digital presence. Effectively managing one’s social media accounts can influence how potential employers perceive a candidate. To begin with, profiles should be updated regularly and present consistent information across platforms. Any discrepancies may raise concerns about credibility. Moreover, content should reflect professionalism, as employers may review personal pages during the hiring process. Inappropriate posts or negative expressions can damage one’s image. Furthermore, visibility plays a crucial role. Using one’s real name and a professional photograph enhances credibility, while maintaining accessible accounts allows employers to locate relevant information easily. At the same time, inactive profiles should be removed, as they may suggest a lack of initiative. A well-maintained online presence can therefore improve employment prospects.
1.Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?
(A) Social media has replaced traditional job applications
(B) A professional online image is important for career opportunities
(C) Employers rely only on social media when hiring
(D) Online communication is more effective than face-to-face interaction
2. What does the word “discrepancies” in the passage most nearly mean?
(A) Improvements
(B) Similarities
(C) Errors
(D) Differences
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(A) Employers prefer candidates with private social media accounts
(B) Having multiple inactive accounts can harm a candidate’s image
(C) Posting frequently is more important than posting appropriately
(D) Social media has little impact on hiring decisions
4. Why does the author mention “visibility” in the paragraph?
(A) To emphasize the importance of being easily found by employers
(B) To suggest that privacy settings should always be removed
(C) To explain how social media platforms operate
(D) To argue that users should create more accounts
【解析】
1. Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage?
答案:(B)
文章首句即點出社群網路對職涯發展的重要性(significant channel for career development),後續內容則詳細說明如何管理個人帳號(更新資料、一致性、專業照片、刪除不活躍帳號)以建立專業形象。
(A) 錯誤:文章沒說「取代」傳統申請。
(C) 錯誤:關鍵字 “only” 太過絕對。
(D) 錯誤:文章未比較線上與面對面溝通的效率。
2. What does the word “discrepancies” in the passage most nearly mean?答案:(D)
該單字出現在:”profiles should be updated regularly and present consistent information across platforms. Any discrepancies may raise concerns…”(個人檔案應定期更新,並在各平台呈現「一致的」資訊。任何「不一致/差異」都可能引起對誠信的擔憂。)
Consistent(一致的)的反義詞即為 Discrepancy(差異、不符之處),因此對應 (D) Differences。
3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?答案:(B)
文章倒數第二句提到:”inactive profiles should be removed, as they may suggest a lack of initiative.”(應移除不活躍的檔案,因為它們可能暗示缺乏主動性。)由此可推論,擁有複數個不活躍帳號會損害候選人的形象。
(A) 錯誤:文章提到維持 “accessible accounts”(可訪問的帳號)能讓雇主更容易搜尋。
(C) 錯誤:內容的「專業性」比頻率更重要。
(D) 錯誤:文章顯然認為社群媒體對聘僱決定有重大影響。
________________________________________
4. Why does the author mention “visibility” in the paragraph?答案:(A)
文章在提到 Visibility(能見度)後,緊接著說明使用真名、照片能增加可信度,並提到維持帳號的可訪問性讓雇主能 “locate relevant information easily”(輕易找到相關資訊)。這說明了能見度的目的是為了讓雇主容易找到你。
(B) 錯誤:文章是說讓帳號 accessible,並非建議「移除所有」隱私設定。
一致性 (Consistency): 避免資料有差異(Discrepancies)。
專業度 (Professionalism): 內容要妥當,避免負面言論。
能見度 (Visibility): 要用真名與專業照片,讓雇主找得到。
積極度 (Initiative): 移除廢棄帳號。
Homeschooling is often misunderstood as a simple replication of traditional schooling at home; however, it encompasses a diverse range of educational philosophies. Rather than adhering to a single model, parents may adopt distinct approaches that reflect different beliefs about how children learn most effectively. Some methods emphasize structured content and factual retention, while others prioritize critical thinking, personal engagement, or experiential learning. For instance, certain approaches rely heavily on textbooks and standardized assessments, reflecting a focus on knowledge acquisition. In contrast, others are grounded in developmental stages, encouraging reasoning and expression as children mature. Still others reject rigid curricula altogether, allowing learners to direct their own educational paths based on personal interests. Ultimately, these differing models reveal that education is not merely about content delivery but about underlying assumptions regarding learning itself. The choice of method, therefore, reflects broader values about knowledge, autonomy, and the purpose of education.
1.Which of the following best captures the author’s central argument?
(A) Homeschooling is less effective than traditional schooling
(B) Homeschooling methods differ based on deeper educational philosophies
(C) Most homeschooling approaches lack structure and consistency
(D) Parents should avoid using textbooks in homeschooling
2. Which of the following can be most reasonably inferred from the passage?
(A) A single homeschooling method is sufficient for all learners
(B) Experiential learning is more effective than structured instruction
(C) Standardized assessments are unnecessary in all contexts
(D) Educational approaches are shaped by beliefs about knowledge and learning
3. Which of the following best describes how the author develops the main idea?
(A) By presenting a single method and defending its effectiveness
(B) By listing various approaches and relating them to broader concepts
(C) By comparing homeschooling with traditional schooling in detail
(D) By describing personal experiences to illustrate key points
4. Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?
(A) Effective education must follow a fixed and universal structure
(B) Learning outcomes depend primarily on the amount of content covered
(C) Educational choices reflect broader values beyond academic goals
(D) Children learn best when given complete freedom without guidance
【解析】
1. Which of the following best captures the author’s central argument?
答案:(B)
文章首句指出自學常被誤解,實際上它包含「多元的教育哲學 (diverse range of educational philosophies)」。隨後提到家長選擇不同的方式是為了反映「對於兒童如何有效學習的不同信念」。這與 (B) 選項「自學方法因深層的教育哲學而異」完全吻合。
(A) 錯誤:文章並未比較自學與傳統學校的優劣。
(C) 錯誤:文中提到有些方法很強調結構(structured content)。
2. Which of the following can be most reasonably inferred from the passage?答案:(D)
根據文章最後兩句,「這些不同的模型揭示了教育不僅是內容的傳遞,還關乎對學習本身的假設」,以及「方法的選擇反映了關於知識、自主權和教育目的的更廣泛價值觀」。這說明教育方式是由關於知識與學習的信念所形塑的。
(A) 錯誤:文章強調多樣性,而非單一方法。
(B) 錯誤:作者客觀陳述多種方法,並未偏袒經驗式學習(experiential learning)優於結構式教學。
3. Which of the following best describes how the author develops the main idea?答案:(B)
者先提出自學是基於不同哲學的論點,接著列舉(listing)了幾種不同的做法:
1. 強調結構與事實。
2. 強調教科書與測驗。
3. 根據發展階段鼓勵推理。
4. 拒絕固定課程,由學習者主導。
最後將這些做法連結到(relating)更廣泛的「價值觀與假設」概念上。
(C) 錯誤:文章僅在第一句提到傳統學校,之後並未進行細節比較。
4. Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?答案:(C)
文章結尾明確提到:”The choice of method, therefore, reflects broader values about knowledge, autonomy, and the purpose of education.”(方法的選擇反映了關於知識、自主權與教育目的的廣泛價值觀。)這顯示教育選擇背後的考量不只是學術目標,還包含更深層的價值觀。
(A) 錯誤:作者強調自學並非遵循單一模型(single model)。
(D) 錯誤:雖然文中提到有一派做法是讓學習者主導,但這只是其中一種,並非作者代表全體認同的唯一真理。
Modern society is deeply shaped by advertising and consumer culture, which constantly encourages people to desire more than they truly need. Through repeated exposure to brands, slogans, and images, individuals are subtly influenced to associate consumption with identity and success. As a result, people often pursue material goods in an attempt to achieve happiness or social belonging. This consumer-driven mindset not only affects personal values but also has broader consequences. Natural resources are heavily exploited to sustain production, leading to environmental degradation. At the same time, corporations have gained significant influence, sometimes shaping government policies and public behavior. Consumption becomes a form of participation in this system, reinforcing its power. Ultimately, the gap between what people have and what they believe they should have reflects not merely an economic issue but a deeper moral concern. Without critical reflection, society may continue down a path with serious longterm consequences.
1.What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Advertising improves people’s quality of life
(B) Consumer culture shapes values and creates broader social problems
(C) Governments control consumer behavior effectively
(D) Economic growth depends entirely on consumption
2. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
(A) Consumption has little effect on the environment
(B) Corporations have no influence on governments
(C) Advertising only affects wealthy individuals
(D) People may support the system through their purchasing behavior
3. According to the passage, how does advertising influence people?
(A) By forcing them to buy specific products
(B) By limiting their choices in the market
(C) By providing accurate information about products
(D) By shaping their desires and sense of identity
4. What does the author imply about the gap between “what people have” and “what people believe they should have”?
(A) It reflects a deeper ethical problem in society
(B) It is mainly caused by poor financial planning
(C) It is a natural result of economic growth
(D) It can be solved by increasing income levels
【解析】
文章全文中譯
現代社會深受廣告與消費文化的形塑,這兩者不斷地鼓勵人們去渴望那些並非真正需要的東西。透過重複接觸品牌、口號與圖像,個人會被微妙地影響,將「消費」與「身分認同」及「成功」聯繫在一起。因此,人們經常追求物質商品,試圖藉此獲得快樂或社會歸屬感。
這種以消費者為導向的心態不僅影響個人價值觀,還產生了更廣泛的後果。為了維持生產,自然資源被過度開發,導致環境惡化。與此同時,企業獲得了巨大的影響力,有時甚至能左右政府政策與大眾行為。消費變成了一種參與該體系的方式,進而強化了體系的力量。最終,人們「擁有的」與「認為應該擁有的」之間的差距,反映的不僅是經濟問題,更是一個深層的道德疑慮。若缺乏批判性反思,社會可能會繼續走向一條伴隨嚴重長期後果的道路。
1. 這篇文章的主旨(Main Idea)是什麼?
(A) 廣告改善了人們的生活品質。(錯誤:文章偏向批判廣告的負面影響)
(B) 消費文化形塑了價值觀並產生了廣泛的社會問題。(正確:文章涵蓋了心理、價值觀、環境與政治影響)
(C) 政府有效地控制了消費行為。(錯誤:文中提到是企業在影響政府)
(D) 經濟成長完全取決於消費。(錯誤:這不是文章討論的重點)
答案:(B)
2. 從文中可以推論出(Inferred)下列哪一項?
(A) 消費對環境幾乎沒有影響。(錯誤:文中提到導致環境惡化)
(B) 企業對政府沒有影響力。(錯誤:文中提到企業能形塑政府政策)
(C) 廣告只影響富有的人。(錯誤:文中指對「個人」的廣泛影響)
(D) 人們可能會透過其購買行為來支持這個體系。(正確:文中提到「消費變成了一種參與該體系的方式,進而強化了體系的力量」)
答案:(D)
3. 根據本文,廣告如何影響人們?
(A) 藉由強迫他們購買特定產品。(錯誤:是「微妙影響」而非暴力強迫)
(B) 藉由限制他們在市場上的選擇。(錯誤:並未提到限制選擇)
(C) 藉由提供關於產品的準確資訊。(錯誤:文中強調的是品牌形象與慾望的連結)
(D) 藉由形塑他們的慾望與身分認同感。(正確:文中提到「associate consumption with identity」)答案:(D)
4. 作者對「擁有的」與「認為應該擁有的」之間的差距暗示了什麼?
(A) 這反映了社會中更深層的倫理/道德問題。(正確:文中明確提到「reflects… a deeper moral concern」)
(B) 這主要是由理財不善造成的。(錯誤:文中未提到理財能力)
(C) 這是經濟成長的自然結果。(錯誤:作者對此持批判態度,而非視為理所當然)
(D) 這可以透過增加收入來解決。(錯誤:作者認為這是道德與反思層面的問題)答案:(A)
重點單字整理
單字 中文解釋
Consumer culture 消費者文化
Subtly 微妙地、不知不覺地
Identity 身分認同
Exploited 被開發、被利用
Degradation 退化、惡化
Reinforce 強化、鞏固
Moral concern 道德疑慮/關切
Critical reflection 批判性反思
The debate over genetically modified (GM) foods reflects broader tensions between technological advancement and public trust. Advocates argue that biotechnology enables more efficient food production, enhances nutritional value, and reduces reliance on chemical inputs. Critics, however, emphasize uncertainty, particularly regarding long-term health and environmental consequences, and argue that insufficient evidence warrants caution. This divide is not merely scientific but also cultural and economic. While some regions adopt a more progressive stance toward innovation, others remain skeptical, influenced by past food-related crises and differing consumer expectations. Regulatory responses further complicate the issue, as policies on labeling and approval vary across countries, reflecting competing priorities between transparency, safety, and market demands. Ultimately, the controversy extends beyond food itself, raising fundamental questions about how societies evaluate risk, assign trust, and balance innovation with precaution.
1.Which of the following best characterizes the author’s primary purpose?
(A) To advocate for stricter regulations on GM foods
(B) To explain the scientific process behind genetic modification
(C) To criticize consumer attitudes toward food technology
(D) To analyze conflicting perspectives and their underlying factors
2. Which of the following assumptions underlies the passage?
(A) Scientific progress inevitably leads to social acceptance
(B) Public attitudes toward technology are shaped by more than scientific evidence
(C) Economic benefits outweigh potential health risks
(D) Governments should prioritize market efficiency over safety
3. Which of the following best explains the “divide” mentioned in the passage?
(A) Differences in agricultural productivity
(B) Conflicts between scientists and politicians
(C) Variations in cultural experience, risk perception, and economic priorities
(D) Disagreement over the definition of biotechnology
4. Which of the following statements would most weaken the critics’ position described in the passage?
(A) Long-term studies show no significant health risks from GM foods
(B) Some consumers prefer organic food products
(C) Governments enforce strict labeling policies
(D) Biotechnology is widely used in medicine
【解析】
關於基因改造(GM)食品的辯論,反映了技術進步與大眾信任之間更廣泛的緊張關係。支持者主張,生物技術能使糧食生產更有效率、提升營養價值,並減少對化學投入(如農藥)的依賴。然而,批評者強調其中的不確定性,特別是關於長期健康與環境的後果,並主張在證據不足的情況下應保持審慎。
這種分歧不僅是科學上的,也是文化與經濟上的。有些地區對創新採取較積極的立場,有些地區則受過去食品危機及消費者預期影響而保持懷疑。監管政策使問題更加複雜,各國對標示與審核的政策不一,反映了在透明度、安全性與市場需求之間相互競爭的優先順序。最終,這場爭議超越了食品本身,提出了社會如何評估風險、交付信任,以及如何在創新與預防之間取得平衡的根本問題。
1. 下列哪一項最能描述作者的主要目的(Primary Purpose)?
(A) 主張對基改食品進行更嚴格的監管。(錯誤:作者立場中立,並未提倡特定政策)
(B) 解釋基因改造背後的科學過程。(錯誤:文章討論的是社會爭議,而非技術原理)
(C) 批評消費者對食品科技的態度。(錯誤:作者只是客觀描述分歧,並未進行批判)
(D) 分析衝突的觀點及其背後的因素。(正確:文章分析了支持與反對者的論點,並探討了文化、經濟等成因)答案:(D)
2. 這篇文章隱含了下列哪一個假設(Assumption)?
(A) 科學進步必然會導致社會接受。(錯誤:文中提到科技與大眾信任間存在緊張關係)
(B) 大眾對科技的態度是由科學證據以外的因素所形塑的。(正確:文中提到分歧涉及文化、經驗、經濟與心理層面,而不僅是科學)
(C) 經濟利益大於潛在的健康風險。(錯誤:這是支持者的觀點,而非文章整體的假設)
(D) 政府應將市場效率置於安全之上。(錯誤:文中提到各國政策在兩者間掙扎,並未認定應優先選擇誰)答案:(B)
3. 下列哪一項最能解釋文中所提到的「分歧」(Divide)?
(A) 農業生產力的差異。(錯誤)
(B) 科學家與政治家之間的衝突。(錯誤:範圍太窄)
(C) 文化經驗、風險感知與經濟優先順序的差異。(正確:對應文中提到文化背景、過去危機及監管優先順序的論述)
(D) 對生物技術定義的分歧。(錯誤:大家對定義沒意見,是對「影響」有意見)答案:(C)
4. 下列哪一項陳述最能「削弱」(Weaken)文中批評者的立場?
(A) 長期研究顯示基改食品沒有顯著的健康風險。(正確:批評者的主要論點是「長期健康後果的不確定性」,若有研究證明無風險,則其立場被削弱)
(B) 某些消費者偏好有機產品。(無關:這只是消費偏好,不能反駁批評者的擔憂)
(C) 政府執行嚴格的標示政策。(無關:標示政策是管理手段,不能消除對健康風險的質疑)
(D) 生物技術被廣泛應用於醫學。(無關:醫學應用與食品安全是兩回事)答案:(A)
關鍵字彙筆記
Technological advancement: 技術進步
Biotechnology: 生物技術
Nutritional value: 營養價值
Reliance on chemical inputs: 對化學投入(農藥、化肥)的依賴
Uncertainty: 不確定性
Warrant caution: 證明有必要謹慎
Skeptical: 懷疑的
Labeling and approval: 標示與審核
Transparency: 透明度
Precaution: 預防、警惕
- 115 臺北市立內湖高職正式教師甄選應英科
- 115 新北市公立高中教師甄選試題英文科
- 115 國立高科實驗高中國中部教甄英文試題
- 115國立竹東高中教師甄試英文科
- 115國立彰化女中教甄英文科試題詳解
- 115松山高級商業家事職業學校教甄英文科
- 115國立臺南一中教甄英文試題詳解
- 115臺南市立沙崙國際高中教師甄選試題英文科
- 115國立嘉科實中教甄高中部英文科試題
- 115新竹縣立湖口高中教甄英文科試題詳解
- 115國立臺南女中教師甄選試題英文科
- 115臺北市立麗山高中正式教甄英文科試題
- 115臺北市立大安高工教師甄選英文試題
- 115中央大學附屬中壢高中教甄英文科試題
- 115台北市成功高中英文教甄試題
- 115 新竹市立成德高中教甄英文科試題
- 115 國立陽明交大附中教甄英文科試題
- 115臺中一中教師甄選英文科試題
- 114桃園國中英文教師甄試試題詳解
- 114台南國中英文教甄試題詳解
- 114高雄國中英文教甄試題詳解
- 114台北市國中英文教甄試題
- 114 中區國中英文試題
- 113新北市國中英文教甄試題
- 113 桃園國中教甄英文試題解析
- 113 新竹市國中四校教師聯合甄選英文試題
- 108 臺北市國中教甄英語科試題
- 英文片語試題總整理
- 114 民航特種考試國考三等各類科英文試題
- 114文藻國小英文片語試題
- 114 高雄市高中教師甄選英文科試題詳解
- 114 國立嘉義女子高中英文科教甄試題
- 114臺北市立育成高級中學教師甄選試題
- 114 基隆市市立中山、安樂、八斗高級中學教師甄選試題
- 114新北市高中教師聯招英文題目詳解
- 114 國立嘉科實驗國中部教師甄選試題
- 114國立嘉義高級中學教師甄選試題英文科
- 114 國立中興大學附屬高中教師甄試試題
- 114 桃園市立平鎮高中教甄試題英文科
- 114 國立彰化高中教師甄選試題英文科
- 114臺北市立大安高職教甄筆試試題
- 114臺中二中教師甄選英文科試題
- 114 臺北市立永春高中教師甄選試題英文科
- 114 臺灣師範大學附屬高中教師甄選試題 英文科
- 114年 臺中市臺中一中教師甄選試題英文
- 113年臺中市立文華高中教甄英文科
- 105台南一中教甄英文科試題詳解
- 105武陵高中正式教師英文試題解析