115新竹縣立湖口高中教甄英文科試題詳解

Known for his ________ speaking style, the professor often filled his lectures with obscure references and highly technical terminology, leaving even well-trained scholars struggling to follow his line of reasoning.

(A) blithe

(B) pellucid

(C) mundane

(D) recondite

【解析】

句意為「這位教授以其 _______ 的說話風格聞名,他的講座中經常充滿了晦澀的典故和高度專業的術語,甚至連訓練有素的學者都難以跟上他的推理邏輯。」

語境顯示教授的風格包含「晦澀的典故」與「高度專業術語」,且讓人「難以理解」,因此應填入「深奧的、晦澀難懂的」,故正確答案為:

(D) recondite 深奧的;晦澀的

(A) blithe 快樂的;無憂無慮的;漫不經心的

此單字常用於形容人心情愉快或對隱憂表現出不在乎的態度。常用片語包含「a blithe disregard for something」代表對某事毫不介意或漫不經心,另一個用法為「in a blithe mood」表示心情愉快。

例句:He showed a blithe disregard for the rules, acting as if they didn’t apply to him.(他對規則表現出一副漫不經心的樣子,彷彿規則對他並不適用。)

同義詞為 cheerful, nonchalant;反義詞為 somber, concerned。

(B) pellucid 清晰的;透明的;易懂的

此單字常用於形容水質清澈或是文章論述極其清晰易懂。常用短句包含「pellucid water」意指清澈透明的水,或是「a pellucid explanation」表示清晰易懂的解釋。

例句:The mountain stream was so pellucid that you could see every pebble on the bottom.(山間的溪流如此清澈,你可以看見水底的每一顆鵝卵石。)

同義詞為 transparent, clear, limpid;反義詞為 opaque, murky, obscure。

(C) mundane 平凡的;乏味的;世俗的

此單字常用於形容日常生活中的平庸事物或相對於精神世界的世俗事務。常用短句包含「mundane tasks」代表平凡乏味的工作,或是「the mundane world」指涉世俗世界。

例句:She wanted to escape her mundane life and travel around the world.(她想逃離平凡乏味的生活去環遊世界。)

同義詞為 ordinary, banal, humdrum;反義詞為 extraordinary, exciting, spiritual。

(D) recondite 深奧的;晦澀的;難懂的

此單字專門用來形容極其深奧、只有少數專業人士才能理解的知識或主題。常用短句包含「recondite subjects」代表深奧的主題,或是「recondite information」指鮮為人知的深奧資訊。

例句:The book is full of recondite information that only a few experts can understand.(這本書充滿了深奧的資訊,只有少數專家才能理解。)

同義詞為 abstruse, obscure, esoteric;反義詞為 simple, straightforward, obvious。

2. After the embezzlement scandal was revealed, the disgraced politician’s reputation was beyond ________, making any hope of a political comeback impossible.

(A) redemption

(B) obloquy

(C) panache

(D) lassitude

【解析】句意為「在貪污醜聞揭露後,這位失勢政治家的名聲已到了無法 _______ 的地步,使得任何重返政壇的希望都變得不可能。」

語境中提到「貪污醜聞(embezzlement scandal)」與「名聲(reputation)」,且結果是「不可能重返政壇」,這表示他的名聲已經敗壞到「無法挽回」或「無法救贖」的程度。因此,正確答案為: (A) redemption 挽回;贖回;救贖

(A) redemption 挽回;贖回;救贖 這個單字常用於宗教上的救贖,或是在一般語境中指彌補過錯、挽回名譽。常用片語為「beyond redemption」,形容事物已壞到無可挽救的地步,另一個常見短句是「a chance for redemption」,代表一個改過自新的機會。 例句:The old building was so badly damaged by the fire that it was beyond redemption.(這棟舊建築被大火毀損得太嚴重,已經無法修復了。) 同義詞為 recovery, salvation;反義詞為 abandonment, loss。

(B) obloquy 謾罵;公開斥責;恥辱 此單字通常指公眾對某人行為的強烈抨擊或導致的惡名。常用短句為「suffer public obloquy」,意思是指遭受公眾的唾罵,或用「held in obloquy」表示處於被鄙視的狀態。 例句:The senator faced terrible public obloquy after his lies were exposed.(這位參議員在謊言被拆穿後,面臨了可怕的公眾抨擊。) 同義詞為 infamy, disgrace, censure;反義詞為 praise, honor, commendation。

(C) panache 派頭;神氣十足;瀟灑 這個單字形容一個人的舉止或做事方式非常有風格、自信且充滿魅力。常用短句包含「with great panache」,表示以極其瀟灑的姿態做某事,或形容某人「perform with panache」。 例句:The orchestra performed the symphony with great panache, earning a standing ovation.(管弦樂團以極其瀟灑的神采演奏了這首交響曲,贏得了全場起立鼓掌。) 同義詞為 flair, style, charisma;反義詞為 dullness, awkwardness。

(D) lassitude 疲倦;無精打采;懈怠 此單字用來形容生理或心理上的極度疲勞,缺乏能量或興趣。常用短句為「a state of lassitude」,代表一種倦怠的狀態,或是「overcome by lassitude」表示被疲憊感所淹沒。 例句:The hot and humid weather induced a sense of lassitude in everyone.(炎熱潮濕的天氣讓每個人都感到一陣倦怠無力。) 同義詞為 lethargy, fatigue, weariness;反義詞為 vigor, energy, vitality。

3. The ________ of the monarch was absolute; no one dared to challenge his decrees, lest they face immediate imprisonment or exile.

(A) confluence

(B) sycophancy

(C) hegemony

(D) petulance

【解析】句意為「這位君主的 _______ 是絕對的;沒有人敢挑戰他的法令,以免面臨立即的監禁或流放。」

語境中提到君主的權力是「絕對的(absolute)」,且無人敢「挑戰(challenge)」其法令,這代表他在政治或權力上擁有絕對的領導權或統治地位。因此,正確答案為: (C) hegemony 霸權;領導權;支配權

(A) confluence 匯合;聚集;併流 此單字最初指河流的交匯處,後來也常用於形容想法、事件或人群的聚集與融合。常用片語為「a confluence of factors」,代表多種因素的結合,或「at the confluence of two rivers」表示在兩河交匯處。 例句:The city was built at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.(這座城市建在俄亥俄河與密西西比河的交匯處。) 同義詞為 convergence, junction;反義詞為 divergence, separation。

(B) sycophancy 諂媚;奉承;拍馬屁 這個單字形容為了獲取利益而對有權勢者進行虛偽討好的行為。常用短句包含「accused of sycophancy」表示被指控在拍馬屁,或是「disgusting sycophancy」用來形容令人反感的諂媚行為。 例句:The king was surrounded by sycophancy, with every courtier praising his every word.(國王被一片諂媚聲包圍,每一位朝臣都對他的每一句話讚不絕口。) 同義詞為 flattery, adulation;反義詞為 criticism, sincerity。

(C) hegemony 霸權;領導權;支配權 此單字通常指一個國家、組織或個人在某一領域(如政治、經濟)中的主導地位或控制權。常用短句為「cultural hegemony」代表文化霸權,或用「establish hegemony」表示建立領導地位。 例句:The company has established a virtual hegemony over the local market.(該公司幾乎已經確立了對當地市場的壟斷支配地位。) 同義詞為 dominance, authority, supremacy;反義詞為 weakness, subordination。

(D) petulance 任性;脾氣敗壞;無禮 這個單字用來形容像小孩子一樣易怒、急躁或因小事而鬧脾氣的樣子。常用短句為「a display of petulance」意指表現出任性、鬧脾氣的樣子,或形容某人的行為「with childish petulance」。 例句:When he didn’t get his way, he reacted with the petulance of a spoiled child.(當他不能隨心所欲時,他表現得就像個受寵壞的孩子一樣任性。) 同義詞為 irritability, peevishness;反義詞為 patience, serenity。

4. In the wake of the tragedy, the community fell into a state of ________, where a deepseated indifference toward the future seemed to paralyze all collective action.

(A) torpor

(B) fervor

(C) alacrity

(D) tenacity

【解析】

句意為「在悲劇發生後,社區陷入了一種 _______ 的狀態,對未來深層的漠不關心似乎癱瘓了所有的集體行動。」

語境中提到「深層的漠不關心(deepseated indifference)」以及「癱瘓集體行動(paralyze all collective action)」,這顯示社區處於一種無精打采、遲鈍且缺乏活力的狀態。因此,正確答案為: (A) torpor 遲鈍;無精打采;麻木

(A)   torpor 遲鈍;無精打采;麻木 這個單字常用於形容生理上的冬眠狀態,或心理上因受創、疲勞而產生的極度冷漠與無活力。常用片語為「fall into a state of torpor」代表陷入麻木狀態,或用「pass the winter in torpor」描述動物以冬眠狀態過冬。

After the long flight, I struggled to shake off the torpor that had settled over me.

(長途飛行後,我努力擺脫籠罩在身上的那種無精打采的感覺。)

同義詞為 lethargy, sluggishness, apathy;反義詞為 vigor, animation, vivacity。

(B)   fervor 熱情;熱烈 此單字形容對某事或某信念具有極大的熱忱與強烈的情感。常用短句包含「religious fervor」代表宗教狂熱,或是「speak with great fervor」指說話時充滿激情。

The fans cheered with tremendous fervor when their team scored the winning goal.(當球隊踢進致勝球時,球迷們充滿熱情地歡呼。)

同義詞為 passion, zeal, ardor;反義詞為 indifference, apathy, coolness。

(C)   alacrity 樂意;敏捷;欣然 這個單字形容以一種充滿活力、愉快且迅速的態度去完成任務。常用片語為「accept the invitation with alacrity」,意思是欣然接受邀請,或形容某人「move with alacrity」代表行動敏捷。

She accepted the new job offer with alacrity, excited to start a fresh career.(她欣然接受了這份新工作,並對開始新的職業生涯感到興奮。)

同義詞為 eagerness, readiness, promptness;反義詞為 reluctance, hesitation, slowness。

(D)   tenacity 韌性;固執;不屈不撓 此單字形容一個人意志堅定,即便面臨困難也不輕易放棄的特質。常用短句為「show remarkable tenacity」代表展現驚人的韌性,或是「the tenacity of a bulldog」形容像鬥牛犬般執著。

His tenacity in pursuing his goals eventually led to his great success.(他不屈不撓追求目標的精神,最終讓他獲得了巨大的成功。) 同義詞為 perseverance, persistence, determination;反義詞為 weakness, irresolution, surrender。

5. The detective found it difficult to trust the witness, whose ________ responses and shifty eyes suggested that he was concealing crucial details about the night in question.

(A) candid

(B) mendacious

(C) meticulous

(D) jovial

【解析】

句意為「偵探發現很難信任這名證人,他那 _______ 的回答與閃爍的眼神,暗示著他正隱瞞關於事發當晚的關鍵細節。」

語境中提到偵探「難以信任(difficult to trust)」證人,且證人有著「閃爍的眼神(shifty eyes)」並試圖「隱瞞細節(concealing crucial details)」,這代表證人的回答是不誠實或虛假的。因此,正確答案為:

(B) mendacious 虛假的;說謊的

(A) candid 率直的;坦誠的;公正的

這個單字常用於形容一個人說話直接、不隱瞞真相,或指非正式的隨拍照片。常用片語為「a candid discussion」代表坦誠的討論,或用「be candid with someone」表示對某人直言不諱。

To be candid with you, I think your chances of success are quite small.

(坦白跟你說,我認為你成功的機會很小。)

同義詞為 frank, honest, straightforward;反義詞為 devious, evasive, insincere。

(B) mendacious 虛假的;說謊的

此單字通常形容資訊、報告或人是不誠實的,帶有刻意欺騙的意圖。常用短句為「a mendacious report」代表虛假的報告,或形容某人有「mendacious habits」說謊的習慣。

The newspaper was accused of publishing a mendacious story about the celebrity.(該報被指控刊登了一篇關於這位名人的虛假報導。)

同義詞為 deceitful, dishonest, lying;反義詞為 truthful, veracious, honest。

(C) meticulous 一絲不苟的;縝密的

這個單字形容一個人對細節極其注重,做事非常小心謹慎。常用短句包含「meticulous planning」代表周密的計畫,或是「be meticulous about details」對細節非常講究。

The researcher was meticulous in recording every minor change in the experiment.(研究員在記錄實驗中的每一處微小變化時都一絲不苟。)

同義詞為 thorough, fastidious, precise;反義詞為 careless, sloppy, negligent。

(D) jovial 快樂的;愉快的;友善的

此單字用來形容一個人性格開朗、充滿活力且易於相處,常帶有歡樂的氣氛。常用短句為「a jovial mood」代表愉快的的心情,或形容某人是「a jovial host」一位熱情的東道主。

The atmosphere at the party was jovial, with everyone sharing stories and laughing.(聚會的氣氛很愉快,每個人都在分享故事並開懷大笑。)

同義詞為 cheerful, jolly, merry;反義詞為 miserable, gloomy, morose。

6. Despite the ________ conditions of the desert, the nomadic tribes have developed ingenious methods for gathering water and sustaining life.

(A) hospitable

(B) sylvan

(C) inclement

(D) palatial

【解析】

句意為「儘管沙漠的環境 _______,遊牧部落仍開發出巧妙的方法來採集水源並維持生命。」

語境中的「儘管(Despite)」顯示前後語意對比。後方提到「巧妙的方法(ingenious methods)」來「維持生命」,暗示沙漠的自然條件是非常惡劣、不友善或嚴酷的。因此,正確答案為:

(C) inclement 嚴酷的;惡劣的

(A) hospitable 友好的;宜人的;好客的

這個單字常用於形容人對客人親切大方,或環境舒適宜居。常用片語為「a hospitable climate」代表宜人的氣候,或形容某人「be hospitable to strangers」對陌生人很友善。

The local people are very hospitable and always welcome tourists with open arms.(當地人非常熱情好客,總是張開雙臂歡迎遊客。)

同義詞為 welcoming, friendly, genial;反義詞為 hostile, inhospitable, unfriendly。

(B) sylvan 森林的;林木蔥蘢的

此單字源自拉丁語的「森林」,多用於文學描述,形容充滿樹木、綠意盎然的景色。常用短句包含「a sylvan setting」代表林木環繞的環境,或「sylvan beauty」森林之美。

例句:They enjoyed a quiet picnic in the sylvan surroundings of the national park.(他們在國家公園林木蔥蘢的環境中享受了一場安靜的野餐。)

同義詞為 woody, forested, rural;反義詞為 urban, city-like, barren。

(C) inclement 嚴酷的;惡劣的(天氣或環境)

這個單字最常用於形容天氣(如寒冷、暴風雨),或指人毫不留情。常用短句為「inclement weather」代表惡劣的天氣,或「inclement conditions」指嚴酷的環境條件。

The outdoor concert was canceled due to inclement weather.(戶外音樂會因天氣惡劣而取消。)

同義詞為 harsh, severe, stormy;反義詞為 mild, pleasant, temperate。

(D) palatial 宮殿般的;宏偉的;富麗堂皇的

此單字形容建築物像宮殿一樣寬敞、豪華且壯麗。常用短句為「a palatial residence」代表豪宅,或「palatial rooms」極其寬敞華麗的房間。

The billionaire lives in a palatial mansion overlooking the ocean.(這位億萬富翁住在一棟俯瞰大海、如宮殿般宏偉的豪宅裡。)

同義詞為 magnificent, grand, majestic;反義詞為 modest, humble, cramped。

7. The literary critic’s ________ review was filled with sharp insults, comparing the author’s latest novel to a pile of uninspired refuse.

(A) vitriolic

(B) laudatory

(C) euphemistic

(D) whimsical

【解析】句意為「這位文學評論家 _______ 的評論充滿了尖銳的侮辱,將該作者的最新小說比作一堆毫無靈感的垃圾。」

語境中提到「尖銳的侮辱(sharp insults)」以及將作品比作「垃圾(refuse)」,這顯示該評論具有強烈的攻擊性、刻薄且充滿敵意。因此,正確答案為: (A) vitriolic 刻薄的;辛辣的;尖酸刻薄的

(A)   vitriolic 刻薄的;辛辣的;尖酸刻薄的 這個單字源自「vitriol」(硫酸),形容言詞如強酸般具有腐蝕性、充滿憤怒或惡意。常用片語為「a vitriolic attack」代表刻薄的攻擊,或用「vitriolic criticism」指辛辣的批評。

The politician’s speech was a vitriolic attack on his opponent’s character.(這位政治家的演說是對他對手人格的尖刻抨擊。)

同義詞為 acerbic, caustic, scathing;反義詞為 kind, gentle, pleasant。

(B)   laudatory 讚美的;褒揚的 此單字形容表達讚揚或稱讚的言論或文章。常用短句包含「a laudatory article」代表一篇讚揚的文章,或形容某人的評價是「highly laudatory」。

The biography received laudatory reviews from critics across the country.(這本傳記受到了全國評論家的讚揚。)

同義詞為 complimentary, praising, extolling;反義詞為 critical, derogatory, disparaging。

(C)   euphemistic 委婉的 這個單字形容使用較溫和、含蓄的詞彙來代替粗魯、令人不快或尷尬的說法。常用短句為「a euphemistic expression」代表委婉的表達方式,或用「in euphemistic terms」以委婉的措辭。

The company used the euphemistic phrase “career transition” instead of “firing people.”(公司使用「職涯轉換」這個委婉的詞,而不是「解僱」。)

同義詞為 polite, understated;反義詞為 direct, blunt, coarse。

(D)   whimsical 異想天開的;古怪的;反覆無常的 此單字形容事物充滿想像力、有趣且帶有一點古怪感,或者形容人的情緒多變。常用短句為「a whimsical sense of humor」代表古怪有趣的幽默感,或形容故事「a whimsical tale」。

The children’s book was filled with whimsical characters and magical landscapes.(這本童書充滿了異想天開的角色和神奇的風景。)

同義詞為 playful, fanciful, quirky;反義詞為 serious, practical, predictable。

8. The CEO’s ________ toward his employees was legendary; he treated everyone from the janitors to the vice presidents with the same haughty condescension.

(A) humility

(B) superciliousness

(C) magnanimity

(D) diffidence

【解析】

句意為「執行長對待員工的 _______ 是出了名的;從清潔工到副總裁,他都以同樣傲慢、屈尊俯就的態度對待每一個人。」

語境中提到執行長對待所有人的態度是「傲慢(haughty)」且「屈尊俯就(condescension)」,這代表他表現出一種自以為高人一等、目中無人的樣子。因此,正確答案為:

(B) superciliousness 傲慢;自大;目中無人

(A) humility 謙遜;謙恭

這個單字形容一個人不自大、不張揚,能虛心受教或承認自己的不足。常用片語為「show great humility」代表展現極大的謙遜,或形容某人具有「a spirit of humility」。

Despite his great success and wealth, he has managed to maintain his humility.(儘管他取得了巨大的成功和財富,他仍努力保持謙遜。)

同義詞為 modesty, meekness;反義詞為 arrogance, pride, vanity。

(B) superciliousness 傲慢;自大;目中無人

此單字形容一種自覺優越、看不起他人的神態,通常表現為冷淡或高傲。常用短句為「an air of superciliousness」代表一種傲慢的神氣,或形容某人的行為「with typical superciliousness」。

Her superciliousness made it very difficult for her to make friends at school.(她的傲慢自大讓她在學校很難交到朋友。)

同義詞為 arrogance, haughtiness, disdain;反義詞為 humility, modesty, respectfulness。

(C) magnanimity 寬宏大量;慷慨

這個單字形容一個人的心胸寬大,特別是指對於敵人或失敗者展現出仁慈與慷慨。常用短句包含「show magnanimity in victory」代表在勝利時展現寬宏大量,或是「an act of magnanimity」一項大方的舉動。

The winner showed great magnanimity by praising her opponent after the match.(獲勝者在賽後稱讚了她的對手,展現了極大的氣度。)

同義詞為 generosity, benevolence, nobility;反義詞為 pettiness, meanness, selfishness。

(D) diffidence 缺乏自信;羞怯;膽怯

此單字形容一個人在社交場合或面對任務時感到不自在、畏縮或對自己能力缺乏信心。常用短句為「overcome one’s diffidence」代表克服羞怯,或形容某人「speak with diffidence」說話時顯得缺乏自信。

He finally overcame his natural diffidence and asked her to dance.(他終於克服了天生的羞怯,邀請她跳舞。)

同義詞為 shyness, timidity, modesty;反義詞為 confidence, boldness, self-assurance。

9. The old Victorian mansion, with its peeling paint and overgrown garden, exuded a(n) ________ atmosphere that made the neighborhood children believe it was haunted.

(A) pulchritudinous

(B) halcyon

(C) effulgent

(D) sepulchral

【解析】解題分析

句意為「這棟老舊的維多利亞式大宅,伴隨著剝落的油漆和雜草叢生的花園,散發出一種 _______ 的氣氛,讓鄰近的小孩相信那裡鬧鬼。」

語境中提到「油漆剝落(peeling paint)」、「雜草叢生(overgrown garden)」以及「鬧鬼(haunted)」,這些線索都指向一種陰森、憂鬱、像墳墓般死氣沉沉的氛圍。因此,正確答案為:

(D) sepulchral 陰森的;墳墓般的;憂鬱的

(A) pulchritudinous 美麗的;貌美的

這個單字雖然發音生硬,但其實是用來形容極高的美貌,通常用於文學作品中。常用短句包含「a pulchritudinous woman」形容一位絕色佳人,或形容景色「pulchritudinous scenery」。

例句:The poet wrote verses praising the pulchritudinous maiden he met in the village.(詩人寫下詩句,讚美他在村子裡遇見的那位貌美少女。)

同義詞為 beautiful, breathtaking, comely;反義詞為 ugly, hideous, unsightly。

(B) halcyon 平靜的;太平的;幸福美好的

此單字常用於形容過去一段平靜且快樂的時光。最常見的片語是「halcyon days」,意指那段美好的舊時光或太平盛世。

She often recalled the halcyon days of her youth spent by the seaside.(她經常回憶起在海邊度過的那些青蔥美好的少年時光。)

同義詞為 peaceful, calm, serene;反義詞為 turbulent, chaotic, stormy。

(C) effulgent 燦爛的;光輝燦爛的

這個單字用來形容光芒四射、極其明亮的樣子,也可以隱喻一個人的美貌或笑容非常燦爛。常用短句包含「effulgent sunshine」代表燦爛的陽光,或形容「an effulgent smile」。

例句:The bride looked stunning in the effulgent light of the setting sun.(新娘在夕陽燦爛的餘暉下看起來美極了。)

同義詞為 radiant, brilliant, luminous;反義詞為 dull, dark, dim。

(D) sepulchral 陰森的;墳墓般的;憂鬱的

此單字源自「sepulcher」(墳墓),除形容聲音低沉陰森外,也常用於形容環境讓人感到壓抑或毛骨悚然。常用短句為「a sepulchral tone」代表陰沉的語調,或「sepulchral silence」像死一般沉寂。

例句:The fog cast a sepulchral shadow over the silent graveyard.(濃霧在寂靜的墓地上投下了一層陰森的陰影。)

同義詞為 gloomy, somber, funereal;反義詞為 cheerful, bright, lively。

10.The treaty was criticized for being ________, as it provided only a temporary pause in hostilities without addressing the underlying territorial disputes.

(A) perfunctory

(B) inexorable

(C) substantive

(D) makeshift

【解析】

句意為「這項條約被批評為是_______,因為它僅提供了敵對行動的暫時停歇,卻未解決潛在的領土爭議。」

語境顯示條約只是「暫時性的、權宜之計」,並未觸及核心問題,故正確答案為

(D) makeshift 臨時的;權宜的;湊合的

a makeshift solution(臨時解決方案)

make do with a makeshift(用臨時湊合的東西應付)

The refugees are living in makeshift tents made of plastic sheets.

難民們住在用塑膠布搭成的臨時帳篷裡。

同義詞:temporary, provisional

反義詞:permanent, durable

(A) perfunctory 敷衍的;例行公事的

a perfunctory glance(匆匆一瞥、敷衍地看一眼)

He gave a perfunctory smile to the guests.

他對客人們敷衍地笑了笑。

同義詞:cursory, superficial

反義詞:thorough, meticulous

(B) inexorable 不可阻攔的;無情的

the inexorable passage of time(時間無情的流逝)

The aging process is inexorable; no one can escape it.

老化過程是不可阻擋的,沒有人能逃避。

同義詞:relentless, unstoppable

反義詞:preventable, flexible

(C) substantive 實質性的;重大的

substantive progress(實質性的進展)

The two countries have finally begun substantive negotiations.

兩國終於開始進行實質性的談判。

同義詞:significant, essential

反義詞:trivial, insignificant

11.Throughout the negotiations, the diplomat remained ________, refusing to compromise even on the most minor points of the agreement.

(A) conciliatory

(B) intransigent

(C) capricious

(D) ambivalent

【解析】

句意為「在整個談判過程中,這位外交官表現得十分_______,甚至在協議中最微小的點上都拒絕妥協。」

語境顯示外交官的態度非常強硬、不願讓步,故正確答案為

(B) intransigent 不妥協的;不讓步的

an intransigent attitude(不妥協的態度)

remain intransigent on the issue(在該議題上保持強硬立場)

The government remained intransigent, refusing to negotiate with the strikers.

政府立場強硬,拒絕與罷工者談判。

同義詞:uncompromising, stubborn

反義詞:compliant, flexible

(A) conciliatory 願意和解的;安撫的

a conciliatory gesture(和解的姿態)

He took a conciliatory tone to avoid further argument.

他採取和解的語氣以避免進一步的爭吵。

同義詞:appeasing, pacifying

反義詞:antagonistic, aggressive

(C) capricious 反覆無常的;任性的

a capricious climate(變化無常的氣候)

The court’s decision seemed capricious and arbitrary.

法院的裁決似乎反覆無常且隨心所欲。

同義詞:fickle, unpredictable

反義詞:consistent, stable

(D) ambivalent 矛盾的;猶豫不決的

feel ambivalent about the proposal(對這項提議感到心裡矛盾)

She remained ambivalent about her marriage.

她對自己的婚姻依舊抱持著矛盾的情緒。

同義詞:equivocal, hesitant

反義詞:decisive, certain

13.Many regarded the general’s decision to retreat as a(n) ________ act, though he insisted it was a strategic move to preserve his remaining forces.

(A) craven

(B) intrepid

(C) audacious

(D) valiant

【解析】

句意為「許多人將這位將軍撤退的決定視為一種_______的行為,儘管他堅持這是一個為了保存剩餘部隊的戰略舉動。」

語境中出現了轉折詞 though(儘管),後方提到的「戰略舉動」是中性偏正面的辯解,因此前方「許多人的看法」應為負面評價,用來形容撤退是「懦弱」的表現,故正確答案為

(A) craven 懦弱的;膽小的

a craven desertion(懦弱的潛逃)

a craven refusal to deliver the truth(不敢說出真相的懦弱行為)

The politician’s craven surrender to the lobbyists disappointed his supporters.

那位政客對遊說團體懦弱的妥協讓他的支持者感到失望。

同義詞:cowardly, spineless

反義詞:brave, courageous

(B) intrepid 勇敢的;無畏的

an intrepid explorer(無畏的探險家)

The intrepid reporter went into the war zone to get the story.

那位勇敢的記者進入戰爭地區以取得報導。

同義詞:fearless, dauntless

反義詞:fearful, cowardly

(C) audacious 大膽的;魯莽的

an audacious mountain climber(大膽的登山者)

He made an audacious decision to quit his job and travel the world.

他做出了一個辭掉工作去環遊世界的冒險決定。

同義詞:bold, daring

反義詞:timid, cautious

(D) valiant 英勇的;果敢的

make a valiant effort(做出英勇的努力)

The soldiers put up a valiant resistance against the enemy.

士兵們對敵人進行了英勇的抵抗。

同義詞:heroic, gallant

反義詞:cowardly, weak

14.The politician’s response to the corruption allegations was a masterpiece of ________; he neither admitted wrongdoing nor directly denied the accusations, leaving the public uncertain about what he actually meant.

(A) candor

(B) equivocation

(C) rectitude

(D) accountability

【解析】

句意為「這位政客對貪汙指控的回應簡直是_______的傑作;他既不承認錯誤,也沒有直接否認指控,讓大眾對他到底想表達什麼感到困惑。」

語境顯示政客在說話時含糊其辭、模稜兩可,意圖規避責任,故正確答案為

(B) equivocation 模稜兩可的話;含糊其辭

use equivocation to avoid a direct answer(使用含糊其辭的說法來避開正面回答)

speak without equivocation(毫不含糊地直說)

He answered the reporter’s difficult questions with his usual equivocation.

他用一貫模稜兩可的態度回答了記者提出的難題。

同義詞:ambiguity, prevarication

反義詞:clarity, directness

(A) candor 坦率;直率

speak with complete candor(坦誠相告)

We really appreciate your candor in this matter.

我們非常感激你在這件事上的坦率。

同義詞:frankness, honesty

反義詞:deception, guile

(C) rectitude 正直;誠實

moral rectitude(道德正直)

She is a woman of unquestionable rectitude.

她是一個品行正直、不容置疑的人。

同義詞:integrity, righteousness

反義詞:corruption, depravity

(D) accountability 責任制;問責

hold someone with accountability(要求某人負責)

There is a need for increased accountability in the government.

政府有必要加強問責制度。

同義詞:responsibility, liability

反義詞:irresponsibility, blamelessness

15.His ________ remarks during the funeral, though intended to be funny, were deeply offensive to the grieving family members.

(A) solemn

(B) decorous

(C) reverent

(D) flippant

【解析】

句意為「他在葬禮期間_______的言論,雖然原意是想幽默一下,卻對悲痛的家屬造成了深深的冒犯。」

語境顯示在肅穆的葬禮場合,其言論輕浮且不合時宜,故正確答案為

(D) flippant 輕率的;輕浮的

a flippant remark(輕率的言論)

flippant attitude toward serious matters(對嚴肅事物採取輕浮的態度)

It is flippant to make jokes about such a serious problem.

對如此嚴重的問題開玩笑是非常輕率的。

同義詞:frivolous, glib

反義詞:serious, respectful

(A) solemn 莊嚴的;肅穆的

a solemn ritual(莊嚴的儀式)

He looked very solemn as he took the oath.

他在宣誓時表情非常莊重。

同義詞:grave, dignified

反義詞:cheerful, trivial

(B) decorous 端莊得體的;合宜的

decorous behavior(端莊的行為)

They maintained a decorous silence during the ceremony.

他們在典禮期間保持著合乎禮節的沉默。

同義詞:proper, appropriate

反義詞:unseemly, indecorous

(C) reverent 虔誠的;尊敬的

a reverent silence(恭敬的沉默)

The crowd stood in reverent silence as the national anthem played.

國歌響起時,群眾肅立表示敬意。

同義詞:respectful, devout

反義詞:irreverent, disrespectful

16.The scholar spent a decade writing a(n) ________ commentary on the ancient text, analyzing every single word for its historical and linguistic significance.

(A) exegesis

(B) synopsis

(C) caricature

(D) lampoon

【解析】

句意為「這位學者花了十年時間對這本古籍寫了一篇_______的註解,分析了每一個單字的歷史與語言學意義。」

語境顯示這是一項深入、詳盡的學術分析與解釋,故正確答案為

(A) exegesis (對文本的)詮釋;註解

biblical exegesis(聖經詮釋)

provide a detailed exegesis(提供詳盡的詮釋)

The professor’s exegesis of the poem revealed layers of meaning I had never considered.

教授對這首詩的詮釋揭示了我從未考慮過的深層含義。

同義詞:interpretation, explanation

反義詞:obfuscation, confusion

(B) synopsis 提要;大綱

a brief synopsis of the plot(劇情的簡短大綱)

For each movie, the guidebook gives a short synopsis.

手冊為每部電影都提供了一份簡短的劇情提要。

同義詞:summary, outline

反義詞:expansion, detail

(C) caricature 諷刺畫;誇張的描述

draw a caricature of the president(畫一張總統的諷刺漫畫)

The interview was a caricature of the actual event.

這次採訪是對實際事件的誇張扭曲描述。

同義詞:parody, cartoon

反義詞:portrait, representation

(D) lampoon 諷刺文章;(對…的)公開嘲諷

a bitter lampoon on the government(對政府的辛辣諷刺)

The magazine is famous for its lampoons of celebrities.

這本雜誌以嘲諷名人而聞名。

同義詞:satire, burlesque

反義詞:eulogy, tribute

17.The cult leader’s ________ personality allowed him to manipulate his followers into surrendering all of their worldly possessions to his organization.

(A) boorish

(B) charismatic

(C) diffident

(D) phlegmatic

【解析】

句意為「這位邪教領袖_______的個人魅力,使他能操縱追隨者,讓他們將所有世俗財產上繳給他的組織。」

語境顯示領袖具備強大的吸引力與感召力,能影響他人,故正確答案為

(B) charismatic 充滿魅力的;有感召力的

a charismatic leader(充滿魅力的領袖)

charismatic authority(魅力型權威)

His charismatic personality made it easy for him to win people over to his side.

他那充滿魅力的個性使他很容易贏得大眾的支持。

同義詞:magnetic, charming

反義詞:unappealing, dull

(A) boorish 粗魯的;粗野的

boorish behavior(粗魯的行為)

I found him rather boorish and loud during the dinner party.

我覺得他在晚宴上表現得相當粗魯且大聲。

同義詞:rude, uncouth

反義詞:refined, polite

(C) diffident 缺乏自信的;羞怯的

a diffident manner(羞怯的態度)

She felt diffident about speaking in front of such a large audience.

她對在這麼多觀眾面前演講感到缺乏自信。

同義詞:shy, timid

反義詞:confident, bold

(D) phlegmatic 冷靜的;淡漠的;遲鈍的

a phlegmatic temperament(冷淡的性格)

As a football manager, he remained phlegmatic even when his team lost.

身為足球教練,即便球隊輸球,他依然保持冷靜鎮定。

同義詞:calm, stolid

反義詞:emotional, excitable

The Supreme Court eventually struck down the statute as ________, ruling that it was inherently discriminatory and fundamentally incompatible with the nation’s founding principles of equality.

(A) canonical

(B) efficacious

(C) sacrosanct

(D) invidious

【解析】句意為「最高法院最終廢除該法令,指其為_______,並裁定其在本質上具有歧視性,且與國家平等的立國原則根本不相容。」 語境顯示該法令具有「歧視性」且「令人反感」,故正確答案為 (D) invidious 招致反感的;不公平的(常用於形容歧視性的行為)

an invidious distinction(不公平的區別/歧視性的差別) invidious comparisons(招致反感的類比)

The new law made an invidious distinction between different groups of citizens. 這項新法律在不同公民群體之間做出了不公平且令人反感的區別。 同義詞:discriminatory, offensive 反義詞:fair, just

(A)   canonical 權威的;(依據)教規的;經典的

a canonical work of literature(文學經典著作)

The book is now considered part of the canonical texts of modern science. 這本書現在被視為現代科學的權威典籍。

同義詞:authoritative, standard 反義詞:unorthodox, nonstandard

(B)   efficacious 有效的;靈驗的 a

n efficacious remedy(靈驗的治療藥方)

The strategy proved to be highly efficacious in reducing costs. 這項策略被證明在降低成本方面非常有效。

同義詞:effective, productive 反義詞:ineffective, useless

(C)   sacrosanct 神聖不可侵犯的

a sacrosanct tradition(神聖不可侵犯的傳統)

Freedom of speech is considered sacrosanct in many democratic societies.

言論自由在許多民主社會中被視為神聖不可侵犯。

同義詞:sacred, hallowed 反義詞:profane, violable

19.After the long winter, the valley was filled with ________ vegetation, as the melting snow provided ample water for the spring bloom.

(A) parched

(B) luxuriant

(C) barren

(D) meager

【解析】

句意為「漫長的冬季過後,山谷中長滿了_______的植被,因為融雪為春季的花開提供了充足的水分。」

語境顯示有「充足的水分(ample water)」,因此植被應該是「茂盛、繁茂」的,故正確答案為

(B) luxuriant 茂盛的;繁茂的;奢華的

luxuriant forests(茂密的森林)

luxuriant hair(濃密的頭髮)

The garden was filled with luxuriant plants and colorful flowers.

花園裡長滿了茂盛的植物和繽紛的花朵。

同義詞:lush, flourishing

反義詞:sparse, withered

(A) parched 焦乾的;極渴的

parched earth(乾裂的土地)

The desert soil was parched after months without rain.

幾個月沒下雨,沙漠的土壤都乾裂了。

同義詞:arid, dry

反義詞:wet, soaked

(C) barren 荒蕪的;不毛的

a barren landscape(荒涼的景象)

The land is too barren to support any crops.

這片土地太荒蕪了,無法種植任何作物。

同義詞:infertile, desolate

反義詞:fertile, productive

(D) meager 貧乏的;微薄的

a meager salary(微薄的薪水)

The prisoners were forced to survive on meager rations.

囚犯們被迫靠著貧乏的口糧生存。

同義詞:scanty, insufficient

反義詞:abundant, plentiful

20.The ________ of the two rivers created a massive whirlpool that was dangerous for even the most experienced boaters to navigate.

(A) divergence

(B) attrition

(C) confluence

(D) dissipation

【解析】

句意為「這兩條河流的_______產生了一個巨大的漩渦,即使是最有經驗的船員,航行起來也非常危險。」

語境顯示這是兩條河流「匯合、交匯」之處,因為交會產生的能量才容易形成漩渦,故正確答案為

(C) confluence 匯合處;交匯點

the confluence of the two rivers(兩河交匯處)

a confluence of interests(利益的結合/匯聚)

The town was built at the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.

這座小鎮建立在俄亥俄河與密西西比河的交匯處。

同義詞:junction, convergence

反義詞:divergence, separation

(A) divergence 分歧;分離;發散

a divergence of opinion(意見分歧)

The divergence between the two species occurred millions of years ago.

這兩個物種的分化發生在數百萬年前。

同義詞:separation, split

反義詞:confluence, convergence

(B) attrition 磨損;消耗;(人員的)自然縮減

a war of attrition(消耗戰)

The company is reducing its staff through natural attrition.

公司正透過員工自然離職(不補缺口)的方式縮減人力。

同義詞:erosion, wearing down

反義詞:buildup, strengthening

(D) dissipation 消散;揮霍;放蕩

the dissipation of heat(熱量的散失)

His father was concerned about his son’s dissipation and gambling.

父親很擔心兒子的放蕩行為與賭博。

同義詞:scattering, dispersion

反義詞:accumulation, concentration

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