115國立嘉科實中教甄高中部英文科試題

2. The sudden of car horns, construction noise, and shouting voices made it difficult for her to concentrate on her work.

(A) stabilization

(B) cacophony

(D) paradigm

【解析】句意為「汽車喇叭聲、施工噪音和喊叫聲突然發出的_______，讓她很難專心工作。」語境中提到的喇叭聲、施工聲與喊叫聲皆為混亂且刺耳的噪音，應填入表示「雜音、嘈雜聲」的單字，故正確答案為 (B) cacophony 雜亂刺耳的聲音；嘈雜聲

a cacophony of voices（嘈雜的說話聲）

a discordant cacophony（不和諧的刺耳噪音）

The sudden cacophony of sirens and alarms filled the street. 警笛與警報器突然發出的嘈雜聲充滿了街道。

同義詞：noise, discord 反義詞：harmony, silence

(A) stabilization 穩定；安定化

economic stabilization（經濟穩定） price stabilization（物價穩定）

The government is working on the stabilization of the economy.

政府正致力於經濟的穩定。

同義詞：steadying, fixity 反義詞：instability, fluctuation

(B) maintenance 維修；保養；維持

routine maintenance（例行維護） maintenance cost（維修費用）

The building requires regular maintenance to stay in good condition.

這棟建築需要定期維修以保持良好狀態。

同義詞：upkeep, preservation 反義詞：neglect, destruction

paradigm shift（典範轉移） a paradigm for success（成功的典範）

This research provides a new paradigm for understanding the disease.

這項研究為理解該疾病提供了一個新的典範。

同義詞：model, pattern 反義詞：anomaly, deviation

3. The comedian world leaders with his performance, exaggerating their flaws in a humorous yet critical way that resonated with the audience.

(A) lampooned

(B) endorsed

(D) placated

【解析】句意為「這名喜劇演員在表演中_______世界領導人，以幽默卻帶批判性的方式誇大他們的缺點，引起了觀眾的共鳴。」語境顯示該演員透過「誇大缺點」與「幽默批判」來表現，這正是「諷刺」的特徵，故正確答案為

(A) lampooned 諷刺；嘲弄

lampoon public figures（諷刺公眾人物）

be mercilessly lampooned（被無情地諷刺）

The magazine lampooned the politician’s expensive lifestyle through a series of cartoons. 該雜誌透過一系列漫畫諷刺了這位政治家奢侈的生活方式。

同義詞：satirize, mock 反義詞：praise, flatter

(B) endorsed 認可；支持；背書

endorse a product（代言產品） official endorsement（官方背書）

The celebrity endorsed the new smartphone in a television commercial.

這位名人在電視廣告中為這款新智慧型手機代言。

同義詞：support, approve 反義詞：oppose, reject

(D) incited 煽動；激起

incite violence（煽動暴力） incite a riot（煽動暴亂）

The speaker’s angry words incited the crowd to protest.

演講者憤怒的話語激起群眾進行抗議。

同義詞：provoke, stir up 反義詞：suppress, discourage

(E) placated 撫慰；平息（怒氣）

placate an angry customer（安撫憤怒的顧客）

attempts to placate（安撫的嘗試）

The manager tried to placate the complaining guests by offering a free meal. 經理試圖透過提供免費餐點來安撫抱怨的客人。

同義詞：appease, soothe 反義詞：enrage, irritate

4. The teacher was surprisingly when grading the assignments, allowing minor mistakes as long as students demonstrated clear understanding of the concepts.

(A) impartial

(B) lenient

(D) mediocre

【解析】句意為「老師在評改作業時出奇地_______，只要學生展現出對觀念的清楚理解，就允許微小的錯誤。」語境顯示老師對於「微小錯誤」採取寬容態度，而非嚴格扣分，這符合「寬大、仁慈」的特徵，故正確答案為 (B) lenient 寬大的；仁慈的；不嚴厲的

lenient sentence（輕判） be lenient with somebody（對某人寬大）

The judge was lenient with the young offender because it was his first crime. 法官對這名年輕的罪犯從輕發落，因為這是他初次犯罪。

同義詞：merciful, tolerant 反義詞：strict, severe

(A) impartial 公正的；無偏見的

impartial advice（中立的建議） remain impartial（保持公正）

A judge must remain impartial and not take sides during a trial.

法官在審判期間必須保持公正，不能偏袒任何一方。

同義詞：unbiased, neutral 反義詞：biased, prejudiced

(B) uncompromising 不妥協的；強硬的

uncompromising attitude（不妥協的態度）

uncompromising quality（堅持的品質）

The leader took an uncompromising position on the safety of the citizens.

這位領導人在公民安全問題上採取了絕不妥協的立場。

同義詞：inflexible, rigid 反義詞：flexible, yielding

The film received mediocre reviews and failed to attract a large audience.

這部電影得到的評價平平，未能吸引大量觀眾。

同義詞：ordinary, average 反義詞：excellent, exceptional

5. Despite typically maintaining a solemn demeanor, the news anchor appeared remarkably ________ today.

(A) pragmatic

(B) amiable

(D) industrious

【解析】句意為「儘管通常保持著莊重的舉止，這位新聞主播今天看起來卻異常地_______。」語境中「Despite（儘管）」表示轉折，與「solemn（莊重、嚴肅）」相對應的應是一個親切、好親近或輕鬆的特質，故正確答案為 (B) amiable 親切的；和藹可親的

an amiable conversation（親切的對談）

an amiable personality（和藹的個性）

The new neighbor is very amiable and always greets us with a smile.

新鄰居非常親切，總是帶著微笑跟我們打招呼。

同義詞：friendly, affable 反義詞：hostile, cold

(A) pragmatic 務實的；重實效的

a pragmatic approach（務實的做法）

pragmatic solution（實用的解決方案）

We need to find a pragmatic solution to the budget problem. 我們需要為預算問題找一個務實的解決方案。

同義詞：practical, realistic 反義詞：idealistic, impractical

(B) despondent 沮喪的；失望的

feel despondent about…（對…感到沮喪）

a despondent mood（憂鬱的情緒）

She felt despondent after failing the exam for the third time.

在第三次考試不及格後，她感到非常沮喪。

同義詞：depressed, hopeless 反義詞：cheerful, optimistic

an industrious worker（勤奮的工人）

industrious habits（勤勞的習慣）

The industrious student spent every weekend studying in the library.

那位勤奮的學生每個週末都在圖書館讀書。

同義詞：hard-working, diligent 反義詞：lazy, idle

6. Over time, different community groups began to ________ around a shared goal, forming a unified movement that pushed for meaningful social change.

(A) disperse

(B) withdraw

(D) concur

【解析】句意為「隨著時間推移，不同的社區團體開始圍繞著共同目標而_______，形成了一個推動重大社會變革的統一運動。」語境中提到「形成統一運動 (forming a unified movement)」，顯示各團體從分散狀態趨向「結合」或「合併」，故正確答案為

coalesce into a single entity（合併成一個實體）

coalesce around an idea（圍繞著一個想法結合）

The small streams coalesce to form a large river as they flow down the mountain. 當小溪流下山時，它們匯合形成了一條大河。

同義詞：unite, combine 反義詞：separate, divide

(A) disperse 分散；傳播；驅散

disperse the crowd（驅散人群）

seeds dispersed by wind（由風傳播的種子）

The police used water cannons to disperse the protesters.

警方使用水砲來驅散抗議者。

同義詞：scatter, diffuse 反義詞：gather, collect

(B) withdraw 撤退；提取；撤回

withdraw money from the bank（從銀行領錢）

withdraw from the competition（退出比賽）

The army was forced to withdraw from the captured territory.

軍隊被迫從佔領的領土上撤退。

同義詞：retreat, extract 反義詞：advance, deposit

concur with someone’s opinion（贊同某人的意見）

highly concur（高度認同）

The local council concurred with the plan to build a new park.

地方議會贊同建造新公園的計畫。

同義詞：agree, assent 反義詞：disagree, differ

Without new investment or innovation, the local economy remained , showing little growth despite ongoing efforts to stimulate development.

(A) resilient

(B) unscathed

(D) stagnant

【解析】句意為「在沒有新投資或創新的情況下，當地經濟依然_______，儘管不斷努力刺激發展，卻幾乎沒有顯示出增長。」

語境中提到「幾乎沒有增長 (showing little growth)」，顯示經濟處於停滯不前、不發展的狀態，故正確答案為

(D) stagnant 停滯的；不景氣的；（水）不流動的

a stagnant economy（停滯的經濟）

stagnant water（死水）

The company’s sales have been stagnant for the past three years due to strong competition.

由於競爭激烈，這家公司的銷售額在過去三年中一直處於停滯狀態。

同義詞：static, inactive

反義詞：developing, flourishing

(A) resilient 有韌性的；適應力強的

resilient character（堅韌的性格）

resilient to change（對變化有適應力的）

Children are often more resilient than adults when facing difficult situations.

在面對困境時，孩童通常比成人更有韌性。

同義詞：tough, flexible

反義詞：fragile, weak

(B) unscathed 未受傷的；未受損失的

escape unscathed（毫髮無傷地逃脫）

completely unscathed（完全沒受損）

The driver was lucky to emerge from the car crash unscathed.

這名司機很幸運，在車禍中毫髮無傷。

同義詞：unharmed, safe

反義詞：injured, damaged

voluminous reports（詳盡大量的報告）

voluminous skirt（寬大的裙子）

The professor is known for his voluminous writings on ancient history.

這位教授以其關於古代史的大量著作而聞名。

同義詞：ample, copious

反義詞：sparse, tiny

He dismissed the criticism, acting as if it had no impact on him, even though others expected a strong reaction.

(A) apprehensively

(B) nonchalantly

(D) prudently

【解析】句意為「他對這些批評不屑一顧，表現得好像對他沒有任何影響，儘管其他人預期他會有強烈的反應。」語境顯示他表現出不在乎、從容且漠不關心的樣子，這與「預期中的強烈反應」形成對比，故正確答案為 (B) nonchalantly 若無其事地；冷淡地；悠然自得地

shrug nonchalantly（若無其事地聳聳肩）

behave nonchalantly（表現得不在乎）

He nonchalantly walked into the meeting late, as if he didn’t realize everyone was waiting.

他若無其事地走進遲到的會議，好像沒意識到大家都在等他。

同義詞：indifferently, casually 反義詞：anxiously, concernedly

(A) apprehensively 憂慮地；擔心操心地

look apprehensively at…（憂心忡忡地看著…）

speak apprehensively（擔憂地說話）

The hikers looked apprehensively at the dark clouds gathering over the mountain. 登山客憂心地看著山上聚集的烏雲。

同義詞：anxiously, fearfully 反義詞：confidently, calmly

(B) assertively 果斷地；堅定地

act assertively（表現得果敢） speak assertively（堅定地發言）

You need to express your opinions more assertively if you want to be heard. 如果你想被聽見，你需要更堅定地表達你的觀點。

同義詞：decisively, firmly 反義詞：diffidently, submissively

prudently invest（審慎投資） act prudently（行為謹慎）

She prudently decided to save a portion of her salary every month for emergencies.

她審慎地決定每個月存下部分薪水以備不時之需。

同義詞：cautiously, wisely 反義詞：recklessly, unwisely

9. After weeks of negotiation, both sides finally agreed to meet halfway and ______, reaching a solution that satisfied everyone involved.

(A) draw a blank

(B) take the high road

(D) rock the boat

【解析】句意為「經過數週的談判，雙方終於同意各退一步並_______，達成了一個讓所有相關人員都滿意的解決方案。」

語境顯示雙方透過談判與讓步（meet halfway），最終達成共識並解決問題，故正確答案為

find common ground on issues（在議題上尋求共識）

struggle to find common ground（努力達成共識）

Despite their political differences, the two leaders managed to find common ground on environmental protection.

儘管政治立場不同，兩位領導人仍設法在環境保護方面達成共識。

同義詞：reach an agreement, see eye to eye

反義詞：disagree, clash

(A) draw a blank 毫無結果；想不起來

draw a blank in the exam（考試時腦袋一片空白）

My mind drew a blank when he asked for my phone number.

當他問我的電話號碼時，我腦袋一片空白，什麼也想不起來。

同義詞：fail, forget

反義詞：remember, recall

(B) take the high road 採取高尚的行為；不屑採取不正當手段

decide to take the high road（決定展現風度）

He decided to take the high road and not respond to the insults.

他決定展現風度，不對那些侮辱做出回應。

同義詞：be ethical, act honorably

反義詞：stoop low, play dirty

(D) rock the boat 找麻煩；破壞現狀/平衡

don’t rock the boat（別搗亂）

Everything is going smoothly, so please don’t rock the boat.

一切進展順利，所以請不要節外生枝（破壞現狀）。

同義詞：disturb, cause trouble

反義詞：keep the peace, conform

Although the Ted Talk presentation seemed impressive initially, it quickly became obvious that the speaker was just ______ and knew nothing about the topic.

(A) talking off the top of his head

(B) getting the hang of it

(D) cutting corners

【解析】句意為「雖然這場 Ted Talk 演講最初看起來令人印象深刻，但很快就顯而易見，講者只是_______，對該主題根本一無所知。」

語境中提到講者「對主題一無所知 (knew nothing)」，顯示他的發言是未經準備、憑空隨口說出的，故正確答案為

(A) talking off the top of his head 隨口說說；未經仔細思考地發言

speak off the top of one’s head（憑直覺或記憶隨口說）

give a figure off the top of my head（隨口給出一個數字）

I can’t give you the exact statistics off the top of my head, but it’s around 60 percent.

我無法馬上隨口給你確切的統計數據，但大約是百分之六十。

同義詞：improvise, wing it

反義詞：prepare thoroughly, research carefully

(B) getting the hang of it 抓到要領；開始掌握竅門

finally get the hang of…（終於摸索出…）

It was difficult at first, but I’m finally getting the hang of this new software.

起初很困難，但我終於開始掌握這套新軟體的用法了。

同義詞：master, learn the ropes

反義詞：struggle, be confused

be willing to go the extra mile（願意額外努力）

She always goes the extra mile to make sure her clients are happy.

她總是付出額外的努力，以確保她的客戶感到滿意。

同義詞：over-deliver, put in extra effort

反義詞：do the bare minimum, slack off

(D) cutting corners 偷工減料；圖省事；走捷徑

accused of cutting corners（被指控偷工減料）

The builder tried to save money by cutting corners on the materials.

建築商試圖透過在材料上偷工減料來節省開支。

同義詞：skimp, take a shortcut

反義詞：be thorough, do a proper job

Landslides and avalanches often seem to strike without warning. Yet, recent advances in artificial intelligence are beginning to change that __11__ . Scientists are now using AI to detect subtle shifts in the Earth’s surface—movements so small they would otherwise go __12__ . These early signals can reveal when a slope is becoming unstable, offering valuable time to prepare for potential disasters.

Much of this work relies on satellite radar data, which allows researchers to track gradual changes in __13__ over long periods. While the movements involved may be only a few millimetres, they can point to deeper structural weaknesses. __14__ this kind of data on a large scale would be extremely difficult for humans alone, but AI systems can quickly analyse patterns and identify areas that may be at risk.

In mountainous regions such as Nepal, __15__ landslides pose a constant threat, these tools are already making a difference. By __16__ unstable slopes, scientists can provide early warnings to communities and help authorities plan evacuation strategies. Similar technologies are being used in other countries to enable the __17__ monitoring of thousands of locations at the same time, improving overall awareness of geological risks.

AI is also being used to study avalanches. By analysing images captured by cameras in snowy regions, machine learning models can learn to recognise when avalanches occur. Although these systems are still being __18__ and cannot replace human judgement, they offer an additional layer of support for those responsible for managing emergencies.

__19__ no technology can fully predict natural disasters, AI is reshaping how risks are understood. As extreme weather events become more frequent, such __20__ approaches may play a crucial role in helping societies respond more effectively and reduce potential harm.

11.(AB) where (AC) simultaneous (AD) unnoticed (AE) while

(BC) processing (BD) refined (BE) perception (CD) innovative

(CE) mapping (DE) terrain

【解析】

11. Yet, recent advances in artificial intelligence are beginning to change that _______ .

句意為「然而，人工智慧最近的進展正開始改變那種_______。」

語境提到山崩與雪崩看似毫無預警，但 AI 的出現改變了人們對這些災害「無法預知」的看法或認知，故正確答案為

(BE) perception 認知；看法；感知

change one’s perception（改變某人的看法）

public perception（公眾認知）

The survey aims to understand the public perception of the new policy.

這項調查旨在了解公眾對新政策的看法。

同義詞：view, awareness

反義詞：ignorance, misconception

12. …movements so small they would otherwise go _______ .

句意為「這些動作如此微小，否則它們將會_______。」

語境說明 AI 能偵測到極其細微的地表位移，若沒有 AI，這些微小變化通常會「不被察覺」，故正確答案為

(AD) unnoticed 不被察覺的；被忽視的

go unnoticed（不被察覺）

pass unnoticed（被忽略而過）

She hoped her mistake would go unnoticed by the manager.

她希望她的錯誤不會被經理察覺。

同義詞：overlooked, ignored

反義詞：obvious, conspicuous

13. …researchers to track gradual changes in _______ over long periods.

句意為「這讓研究人員能追蹤長時間下_______的逐漸變化。」

語境提到使用衛星雷達監測地表，而在地理與地質學中，觀測的對象即為地形或地勢，故正確答案為

(DE) terrain 地形；地勢

rough terrain（崎嶇的地形）

familiar terrain（熟悉的地形/領域）

The soldiers found it difficult to move quickly across the rocky terrain.

士兵們發現很難在岩石嶙峋的地形上快速移動。

同義詞：ground, landscape

反義詞：sky, ocean

14. _______ this kind of data on a large scale would be extremely difficult…

句意為「大規模地_______這類數據對人類來說極其困難…」

語境提到 AI 系統能快速分析模式，因此空格處需要一個與「處理、分析」數據相關的動詞名詞，故正確答案為

(BC) processing 處理；加工

data processing（數據處理）

food processing（食品加工）

Processing large amounts of information can be very time-consuming.

處理大量的資訊可能非常耗時。

同義詞：handling, analyzing

反義詞：neglecting, ignoring

15. In mountainous regions such as Nepal, _______ landslides pose a constant threat…

句意為「在尼泊爾等山區，_______山崩造成持續的威脅…」

這是一個關係副詞引導的修飾句，用來修飾前面的「山區（mountainous regions）」，表示「在那些地方」，故正確答案為

(AB) where 在那裡；…的地方

the house where I live（我住的房子）

a situation where…（在…的情況下）

This is the laboratory where the scientists conduct their experiments.

這就是科學家們進行實驗的實驗室。

同義詞：at which

16. By _______ unstable slopes, scientists can provide early warnings…

句意為「透過_______不穩定的斜坡，科學家可以提供早期預警…」

語境描述科學家利用工具繪製或標示出危險區域以便監控，這符合「繪製地圖、標示」的動作，故正確答案為

(CE) mapping 繪製地圖；標示；映射

mapping the area（繪製該區地圖）

gene mapping（基因圖譜繪製）

They are mapping the forest to track the movement of wild animals.

他們正在繪製森林地圖以追蹤野生動物的移動。

同義詞：charting, surveying

17. …enable the _______ monitoring of thousands of locations…

句意為「使同時對數千個地點進行_______監控成為可能…」

語境中提到「at the same time（同時）」，這與「同步的、同時發生的」意思相符，故正確答案為

(AC) simultaneous 同步的；同時的

simultaneous translation（同步口譯）

simultaneous broadcast（聯播）

The movie will have a simultaneous release in theaters and online.

這部電影將在院線與網路同步上映。

同義詞：concurrent, synchronous

反義詞：sequential, separate

18. Although these systems are still being _______ and cannot replace human judgement…

句意為「雖然這些系統仍持續在被_______且無法取代人類判斷…」

語境表示 AI 系統目前仍在開發改進階段，尚未完全成熟，故正確答案為

(BD) refined 精煉；改進；完善

refined technology（精進的技術）

refine a plan（完善計畫）

The engineers are constantly refining the software to make it more accurate.

工程師們不斷在完善這套軟體，使其更加精確。

同義詞：improved, perfected

反義詞：ruined, coarsened

19. _______ no technology can fully predict natural disasters, AI is reshaping…

句意為「_______沒有任何技術能完全預測天災，AI 正在重塑…」

這是一個表示「儘管、雖然」的連接詞，用來帶出後面 AI 依然有所貢獻的對比，故正確答案為

(AE) while 雖然；儘管；當…時

while it is true that…（雖然…是事實）

worthwhile effort（值得的努力）

While the task is difficult, we believe it is possible to complete.

雖然這項任務很困難，我們相信是有可能完成的。

同義詞：although, even though

反義詞：because, since

20. …such _______ approaches may play a crucial role…

句意為「這類_______的方法可能發揮關鍵作用…」

語境結尾在讚揚 AI 這類新型、先進的科技應用對社會的幫助，故正確答案為

(CD) innovative 創新的；新穎的

innovative design（創新設計）

innovative ideas（新穎的想法）

The company is famous for its innovative approach to marketing.

這間公司以其創新的行銷方法而聞名。

同義詞：original, groundbreaking

反義詞：traditional, conservative

The art of perfumery boasts a rich and global history, with its roots extending to antiquity. In Ancient Rome, emperors were reputed to bathe in scented waters, and perfume was a symbol of luxury and prestige. After the fall of Rome, much of this knowledge was lost, but it was preserved and further advanced by Islamic civilizations during the Middle Ages. Arab and Persian pharmacists pioneered the distillation of essential oils from plants, especially those from the Indian subcontinent, enabling a more efficient use of raw materials compared to earlier methods of infusing flowers in oil. This expertise was eventually brought back to Europe during the Crusades, effectively reintroducing perfumery to the Western world.

Initially, perfumes were associated with medicinal purposes. Aromatic waters were ingested and applied externally, believed to purify the air for both health and spiritual reasons. During the Black Death, it was thought that foul odors caused the plague, and inhaling pleasant fragrances like cinnamon was thought to protect against it. The widespread aversion to washing with water during this period made perfume a common substitute for hygiene. Perfume-making later re-entered Europe, with Venice emerging as a center of production due to its importance as a trade route and its glassmaking industry, which was vital for distillation. By the late seventeenth century, perfumery flourished in France under Louis XIV’s policies, which stimulated demand for luxury goods. Perfume became closely associated with glove-making, as the substances used to tan leather required gloves to be scented before sale. France had an established glove and perfume makers’ guild, which required seven years of training, underscoring the craft’s expertise.

Under Louis XV, perfume became more popular, particularly in Paris, where royal patronage was crucial. Perfumers diversified into other cosmetic products such as soaps and face powders. However, they were not the only ones profiting-other trades like mercers and wig-makers also capitalized on the popularity of scented goods. Even small shopkeepers began producing their own perfumes. By the late eighteenth century, the modern perfume industry began to take shape, especially in Britain, where consumer demand was growing. The French Revolution initially disrupted the perfume trade due to its associations with aristocracy, but the industry recovered by seeking new domestic and international markets. The abolition of the guild system in 1791 opened doors for independent perfumery shops in Paris.

A significant change came in 1810 with Napoleon’s ordinance requiring perfumers to disclose the ingredients of products meant for internal use. This shift led many to focus on external-use products. The Napoleonic Wars also gave British perfumers an advantage, as they dominated international markets when French ports were blockaded. The nineteenth century saw the rise of branding in perfumery. Before this, trademarks had little significance, as perfumes were consumed locally. With the expansion of railroads, brands like Rimmel capitalized on a broader market. By 1857, Rimmel, a British citizen, had established a renowned brand and understood the importance of design, hiring a French artist to create distinctive labels for his perfume bottles. Luxury perfumes became synonymous with cities like Paris and London, while other regions produced cheaper alternatives. In conclusion, the history of perfumery reflects its evolution from an ancient medicinal practice to a luxury industry shaped by cultural and economic forces. From its origins in Ancient Rome to its modern transformation, perfumery remains a significant global industry.

21. How did the development of distilling essential oils in the Middle Ages affect the perfume industry?

(A) It led to perfumes being more affordable, thus broadening their market.

(B) It shifted the focus of perfumery from fragrance to medicinal purposes.

(D) It caused the loss of many traditional methods of perfume-making.

22. How did Venice contribute to the development of the perfume industry?

(A) It became a major perfume consumer.

(B) Its glass-making industry was essential for distillation.

(D) It became a perfume manufacturing hub for the entire world.

23. Which of the following best explains why perfume became closely associated with glove-making in France during the late 17th century?

(A) Gloves were scented to mask the smell of the tanning process.

(B) Perfume was seen as a symbol of wealth, and gloves were an accessory to showcase it.

(D) The perfume industry and glove-making industry were both controlled by the same guild.

24. Based on the article, what was the likely impact of the Napoleonic Wars on the perfume industry in France?

(A) It allowed French perfumers to dominate the international market.

(B) It increased demand for perfumes in Britain as French ports were blockaded.

(D) It encouraged French perfumers to focus more on medicinal fragrances.

25. In the 18th century, perfume-making in France became a highly skilled profession. What can be inferred about the guild system for perfumers?

(A) It was likely strict and rigorous, as it required seven years of training to become a certified perfumer.

(B) It allowed anyone to enter the profession, making perfume-making less exclusive.

(D) It served as a way to control the quality and prices of perfume for the aristocracy.

【解析】

21.句意為「中世紀蒸餾精油技術的發展如何影響香水產業？」

文章第一段指出，阿拉伯與波斯藥劑師開發的蒸餾法，相較於早期的浸泡法，「能更有效地利用原材料（enabling a more efficient use of raw materials）」。這意味著生產過程變得更具效率，故正確答案為

distillation of essential oils（精油蒸餾）

raw materials（原材料）

The new machinery allowed the factory to produce goods more efficiently.

新機器使工廠能更有效率地生產商品。

同義詞：effectively, productively

反義詞：inefficiently, wastefully

(A) 它導致香水變得更便宜，從而擴大了市場。

文中提到效率提升，但未明確指出因此變得「affordability（負擔得起/便宜）」。

(B) 它將香水的重心從香氣轉向醫療用途。

文中提到初期與醫療有關，但並非蒸餾技術造成的重心轉移。

(D) 它導致了許多傳統香水製作方法的流失。

文中提到這是一種「進步（advanced）」，而非導致傳統流失。

22. 句意為「威尼斯對香水產業的發展有何貢獻？」

文章第二段提到，威尼斯成為生產中心是因為它是貿易要道，且其「玻璃製造業對於蒸餾至關重要（glassmaking industry, which was vital for distillation）」，故正確答案為

(B) 它的玻璃製造業對蒸餾過程至關重要。

vital for…（對…至關重要）

trade route（貿易路線）

The specialized containers were vital for the chemical experiment.

這些特製的容器對該化學實驗至關重要。

同義詞：essential, crucial

反義詞：unimportant, trivial

(A) 它成為了主要的香水消費地。

文中強調它是「生產中心」，而非僅是消費地。

文中提到的公會（guild）是在法國，而非威尼斯。

(D) 它成為了全世界的香水製造樞紐。

文中僅提到它是當時的生產中心，未稱其為「全世界」的樞紐。

23. 句意為「下列哪一項最能解釋為什麼 17 世紀末法國的香水與手套製作緊密相關？」

文章第二段結尾提到，香水與手套製作密切相關，是因為「鞣製皮革所使用的物質，要求手套在販售前必須先經過燻香（the substances used to tan leather required gloves to be scented before sale）」。這表示是為了掩蓋皮革處理過程的味道，故正確答案為

(A) 手套經過燻香是為了掩蓋鞣製過程的味道。

be associated with（與…有關聯）

mask the smell（掩蓋氣味）

The company used lemon fragrance to mask the smell of the cleaning chemicals.

公司使用檸檬香味來掩蓋清潔化學品的味道。

同義詞：disguise, cover up

反義詞：reveal, expose

(B) 香水被視為財富象徵，而手套是展示財富的配件。

文中未提到兩者結合是為了展示財富。

文中提到香水可代替衛生，但未說宮廷「要求兩者結合」。

(D) 香水產業和手套製造業都由同一個公會控制。

文中僅提到有公會制度，未強調是「同一個公會」控制兩個產業。

24. 句意為「根據本文，拿破崙戰爭對法國香水產業可能產生了什麼影響？」

文章第四段提到，拿破崙戰爭讓英國香水商佔優勢，因為當「法國港口被封鎖（French ports were blockaded）」時，英國主導了國際市場。這暗示法國在戰爭期間出口受阻，故正確答案為

(B) 由於法國港口被封鎖，增加了英國對香水的需求（並使其主導市場）。

dominate the market（主導市場）

international trade（國際貿易）

The economic blockade caused a significant shortage of imported goods.

經濟封鎖導致進口貨物嚴重短缺。

同義詞：obstruction, barrier

反義詞：opening, freedom

(A) 它讓法國香水商主導了國際市場。

錯誤，文中說主導的是「英國（British）」香水商。

文中主要提到的是「市場競爭力」與「出口」問題，而非生產量下降。

(D) 它鼓勵法國香水商更專注於藥用香氛。

文中提到 1810 年的法令讓商人專注於「外用」產品，而非因為戰爭專注藥用。

25. 句意為「18 世紀法國香水製作成為高度專業，關於香水公會制度可以推論出什麼？」

文章第二段提到，香水與手套製作公會「需要七年的培訓（required seven years of training）」，並強調這「突顯了該工藝的專業性（underscoring the craft’s expertise）」。這顯示該制度非常嚴謹且門檻高，故正確答案為

(A) 它可能既嚴格又縝密，因為需要七年培訓才能成為認證香水師。

certified professional（認證專業人士）

rigorous training（嚴格的訓練）

The pilot had to undergo rigorous training before being allowed to fly.

飛行員在被允許飛行前必須接受嚴格的訓練。

同義詞：strict, demanding

反義詞：lenient, flexible

(B) 它允許任何人進入該職業，使香水製作不再那麼排外。

錯誤，七年的培訓顯示其具有高度的排外性與門檻。

錯誤，文中提到這是「奢侈品（luxury goods）」。

(D) 它作為一種為貴族控制香水品質與價格的方式。

文中提到公會強調「專業技術」，但未明確說明其目的是為了「控制價格」。

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