115臺北市立麗山高中正式教甄英文科試題

During the lecture, the professor tended to ______ from the main topic, sharing unrelated anecdotes that confused students and disrupted coherence.

(A) culminate

(B) digress

(D) persist

【解析】

句意為「在講座期間，教授傾向於從主題中_______，分享一些無關的軼事，這讓學生感到困惑並破壞了連貫性。」

(A) culminate 達到頂峰；以…告終

culminate in something（以…作為結束/達到頂點）

culminate at the peak（在巔峰達到頂點）

The months of hard work will culminate in a final performance tomorrow.

數月的努力將在明天的最終演出中達到頂點。

同義詞：climax, peak

反義詞：start, begin

(B) digress 離題；偏離主題

digress from the subject（偏離主題）

digress for a moment（稍微離題一下）

The speaker tended to digress from the main topic and talk about his personal life.

演講者傾向於偏離主旨，談論他的私生活。

同義詞：deviate, stray

反義詞：stick to, focus

converge on a point（匯聚於一點）

converge for a meeting（聚集開會）

Thousands of fans converged on the stadium for the concert.

成千上萬的粉絲聚集在體育場觀看音樂會。

同義詞：assemble, join

反義詞：diverge, scatter

(D) persist 堅持；持續

persist in doing something（堅持做某事）

persist with a task（持續執行任務）

If the symptoms persist, you should see a doctor.

如果症狀持續出現，你應該去看醫生。

同義詞：continue, endure

反義詞：cease, quit

2. Prices of essential goods tend to ______ throughout the year due to seasonal demand, economic conditions, and unexpected global events.

(A) stabilize

(B) accumulate

(D) fluctuate

【解析】句意為「由於季節性需求、經濟狀況以及突發的全球事件，民生必需品的價格在一年當中往往會_______。」

選項解析

(A) stabilize 穩定；使平穩

stabilize the economy（穩定經濟）

stabilize at a certain level（穩定在某個水平）

The government took measures to stabilize the price of gasoline. 政府採取措施以穩定汽油價格。

同義詞：steady, settle 反義詞：fluctuate, destabilize

(B) accumulate 累積；堆積

accumulate wealth（累積財富） accumulate over time（隨著時間堆積）

Dust tends to accumulate if you don’t clean the room regularly. 如果你不定期打掃房間，灰塵就會堆積。

同義詞：collect, gather 反義詞：disperse, scatter

diminish in value（價值貶損）

diminish the importance of…（削弱…的重要性）

The noise slowly diminished as the train moved away. 隨著火車駛離，噪音慢慢減弱了。

同義詞：decrease, decline 反義詞：increase, expand

(D) fluctuate 波動；變動

fluctuate between A and B（在 A 與 B 之間波動） widely fluctuate（劇烈變動）

Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the weather. 蔬菜價格會隨著天氣狀況而波動。

同義詞：vary, waver 反義詞：remain, stay

The ______ traveler ventured into remote regions, facing unpredictable conditions with remarkable confidence and determination.

(A) prudent

(B) circumspect

(D) apprehensive

【解析】句意為「這名_______的旅行者冒險進入偏遠地區，以非凡的信心與決心面對不可預測的狀況。」

選項解析

(A) prudent 審慎的；精明的

常用片語或短句： a prudent decision（審慎的決定） prudent management（精明理財）

例句： It would be prudent to save some money for future emergencies. 為了未來的緊急情況存點錢是審慎的做法。

同義詞：cautious, sensible 反義詞：imprudent, reckless

(B) circumspect 謹慎的；深思熟慮的

常用片語或短句： be circumspect in doing something（做某事很謹慎） a circumspect approach（慎重的方法）

例句： Officials were circumspect about revealing too many details to the press. 官員們對於向媒體透露過多細節持謹慎態度。

同義詞：wary, careful 反義詞：guarded, careless

常用片語或短句： an intrepid explorer（無畏的探險家） intrepid spirit（大無畏精神）

例句： The intrepid hikers climbed the steep mountain despite the heavy snow. 儘管下著大雪，無畏的登山者們仍爬上了陡峭的山峰。

同義詞：fearless, courageous 反義詞：cowardly, timid

(D) apprehensive 憂慮的；擔心的

常用片語或短句： feel apprehensive about…（對…感到憂心忡忡） an apprehensive look（憂慮的神情）

例句： She was apprehensive about her upcoming job interview. 她對即將到來的工作面試感到有些擔憂。

同義詞：anxious, fearful 反義詞：confident, calm

4. The funds were intended for educational programs, but investigators discovered they had been misused for ______ purposes unrelated to student development.

(A) pragmatic

(B) substantive

(D) frivolous

【解析】句意為「這些資金原定用於教育計畫，但調查人員發現它們被誤用於與學生發展無關的_______用途。」

選項解析

(A) pragmatic 務實的；實事求是的

常用片語或短句： take a pragmatic approach（採取務實的做法） prudent and pragmatic（謹慎且務實的）

例句： We need to find a pragmatic solution to this problem rather than just talking about theories. 我們需要為這個問題找到一個務實的解決方案，而不僅僅是空談理論。

同義詞：practical, realistic 反義詞：idealistic, impractical

(B) substantive 實質的；重大的

常用片語或短句： substantive progress（實質進展） substantive evidence（有力證據；實質性證據）

例句： The two countries have failed to reach any substantive agreement on the issue. 兩國未能就該議題達成任何實質性協議。

同義詞：significant, essential 反義詞：trivial, marginal

常用片語或短句： a consequential decision（重大的決定） consequential damages（間接損失）

例句： The judgment was highly consequential for the future of the local industry. 這項判決對當地工業的前景影響重大。

同義詞：important, momentous 反義詞：inconsequential, insignificant

(D) frivolous 輕浮的；不重要的；揮霍的（正確答案）

常用片語或短句： frivolous spending（揮霍無度；亂花錢） a frivolous lawsuit（無理取鬧的訴訟）

例句： The court dismissed the case because it was considered frivolous. 法院駁回了這起案件，因為它被認為是無理取鬧的。

同義詞：trivial, silly, extravagant 反義詞：serious, solemn, sensible

Epidemiologists warn that without robust global vaccination equity, the virus will not be eradicated but rather become ______, circulating perpetually within vulnerable populations.

(A) pandemic

(B) insidious

(D) endemic

【解析】句意為「流行病學家警告，若沒有強而有力的全球疫苗公平分配，病毒將不會被根除，而是會變成_______，在弱勢族群中永久循環。」

選項解析

(A) pandemic 大流行的；跨國蔓延的

常用片語或短句： a global pandemic（全球大流行） reach pandemic proportions（達到大流行的程度）

例句： The COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. 世界衛生組織宣佈新冠肺炎疫情為全球大流行。

同義詞：widespread, universal 反義詞：local, regional

(B) insidious 潛伏的；隱憂的；不知不覺間加劇的

常用片語或短句： an insidious disease（潛伏性疾病） insidious effects（隱藏的負面影響）

例句： Cancer can be an insidious disease, often showing no symptoms in its early stages. 癌症可能是一種潛伏性疾病，早期通常沒有症狀。

同義詞：stealthy, subtle 反義詞：obvious, straightforward

常用片語或短句： pernicious influence（惡劣的影響） pernicious anemia（惡性貧血）

例句： The cuts in government spending had a pernicious effect on public services. 政府支出的削減對公共服務產生了有害的影響。

同義詞：harmful, damaging 反義詞：beneficial, harmless

(D) endemic 地方性的；（疾病等）在某地常態性存在的（正確答案）

常用片語或短句： become endemic（變成地方性流行） be endemic to a region（在某地區常見/盛行）

例句： Malaria is endemic in some tropical regions of the world. 瘧疾在世界某些熱帶地區是地方性流行的。

同義詞：native, local 反義詞：epidemic, exotic

Savvy institutional investors employ complex hedging strategies to insulate their portfolios from the sudden ______ of the global equities market.

(A) stagnations

(B) vicissitudes

(D) verisimilitudes

【解析】句意為「精明的機構投資者採用複雜的避險策略，以保護其投資組合不受全球股票市場突然的_______影響。」

選項解析

(A) stagnations 停滯；不景氣

常用片語或短句： economic stagnation（經濟停滯） market stagnation（市場停滯不前）

例句： The country is facing a period of economic stagnation with high unemployment. 該國正面臨失業率居高下的經濟停滯期。

同義詞：inactivity, sluggishness 反義詞：growth, boom

(B) vicissitudes 變遷；興衰；盛衰（正確答案）

常用片語或短句： the vicissitudes of fortune（命運的捉弄；浮沉） the vicissitudes of the market（市場的劇烈波動/變遷）

例句： He has experienced the vicissitudes of life, from being a millionaire to becoming homeless. 他經歷了人生的起伏興衰，從百萬富翁變成無家可歸。

同義詞：fluctuations, changes 反義詞：stability, constancy

常用片語或短句： cultural homogeneity（文化同質性） population homogeneity（人口單一性）

例句： The homogeneity of the neighborhood makes it feel very traditional and consistent. 這個社區的同質性使其顯得非常傳統且一致。

同義詞：uniformity, similarity 反義詞：heterogeneity, diversity

(D) verisimilitudes 逼真；貌似真實

常用片語或短句： lack verisimilitude（缺乏逼真感） a degree of verisimilitude（某種程度的真實感）

例句： The novel’s detail gives it a great sense of verisimilitude. 這本小說的細節描述使其具有很強的真實感。

同義詞：realism, authenticity 反義詞：falseness, improbability

The peace talks collapsed predominantly due to the ______ of the rebel faction, whose leaders categorically refused to compromise on their maximalist territorial demands.

(A) munificence

(B) sycophancy

(D) complaisance

【解析】

句意為「和談破裂主因是反叛派系的_______，其領導人斷然拒絕在他們極大化的領土要求上做出任何妥協。」

選項解析

(A) munificence 慷慨；大方

常用片語或短句： known for his munificence（以慷慨聞名） extraordinary munificence（非凡的大方）

例句： The university benefited from the munificence of its wealthy alumni. 這所大學受益於其富有校友的慷慨捐助。

同義詞：generosity, charity 反義詞：stinginess, greed

(B) sycophancy 諂媚；奉承

常用片語或短句： resort to sycophancy（訴諸諂媚） blatant sycophancy（露骨的奉承）

例句： He rose to power through sycophancy rather than actual talent. 他是靠著拍馬屁而非真實才幹上位。

同義詞：flattery, fawning 反義詞：forthrightness, sincerity

常用片語或短句： political intransigence（政治上的不妥協） be blamed for intransigence（因固執而受責備）

例句： The strike continued because of the intransigence of the management. 由於管理層的強硬態度，罷工持續了下去。

同義詞：stubbornness, inflexibility 反義詞：flexibility, compliance

(D) complaisance 順從；討好；殷勤

常用片語或短句： show complaisance（表現出順從） act out of complaisance（出於禮讓/順從而行動）

例句： Her complaisance made her a popular member of the committee, as she never argued. 她的順從讓她成為委員會中受歡迎的一員，因為她從不爭辯。

同義詞：amenability, politeness 反義詞：defiance, resistanc

Instead of rejecting the proposal outright, the diplomat attempted to ______, giving ambiguous answers in the hope that circumstances would shift before a final decision became necessary.

(A) defenestrate

(B) capitulate

(D) dissemble

【解析】句意為「外交官並沒有直接拒絕該提議，而是試圖_______，給出模稜兩可的答案，希望在必須做出最終決定之前，情況會有所轉變。」

選項解析

(A) defenestrate 將某人拋出窗外；將某人趕下台

常用片語或短句： be defenestrated from power（被踢出權力核心） the act of defenestration（拋出窗外之行為）

例句： The rebellious officials plotted to defenestrate the corrupt leader. 叛逆的官員們密謀要將那位腐敗的領導人趕下台。

同義詞：oust, eject 反義詞：install, appoint

(B) capitulate 投降；屈服

常用片語或短句： capitulate to the demands（向要求屈服） refuse to capitulate（拒絕投降）

例句： The enemy was forced to capitulate after their supplies were cut off. 敵人在補給被切斷後被迫投降。

同義詞：surrender, yield 反義詞：resist, fight

常用片語或短句： temporize for time（拖延時間） temporize with the enemy（與敵人周旋/虛與委蛇）

例句： The chairman tried to temporize because he was not yet ready to announce the merger. 董事長試圖拖延時間，因為他還沒準備好宣佈合併案。

同義詞：procrastinate, delay, stall 反義詞：hasten, advance

(D) dissemble 掩蓋（真實動機）；假裝

常用片語或短句： dissemble one’s feelings（掩飾情感） no need to dissemble（不需要偽裝）

例句： She was honest and direct, unable to dissemble her disappointment. 她為人誠實正直，無法掩飾自己的失望。

同義詞：disguise, feign 反義詞：reveal, disclose

When the coach heard about the referee’s decision, he spoke ______ and loudly criticized the call.

(A) vituperatively

(B) magisterially

(D) gratuitously

【解析】句意為「當教練聽到裁判的判決時，他_______地說話，並大聲批評了那次判罰。」

(A) vituperatively 辱罵地；責罵地（正確答案）

常用片語或短句： speak vituperatively（辱罵地說話） vituperative attack（言語上的猛烈攻擊）

例句： The politician reacted vituperatively to the journalist’s questions. 該政治家對記者的提問做出了充滿辱罵的回應。

同義詞：abusively, scathingly 反義詞：praisingly, complimentary

(B) magisterially 威嚴地；權威地；傲慢地

常用片語或短句： speak magisterially（威嚴地講話） act magisterially（表現得像權威一樣）

例句： The professor spoke magisterially on the subject of ancient history. 教授威嚴且權威地講述著關於古代歷史的主題。

同義詞：authoritatively, commandingly 反義詞：humbly, modestly

常用片語或短句： nod portentously（煞有介事地點頭） a portentous silence（充滿不祥預感的沉默）

例句： The dark clouds gathered portentously before the storm hit the coast. 在暴風雨襲擊海岸之前，烏雲煞有介事地聚集了起來。

同義詞：ominously, threateningly 反義詞：auspiciously, encouragingly

(D) gratuitously 無緣無故地；免費地

常用片語或短句： gratuitously offensive（無緣無故的冒犯） gratuitous violence（不必要的暴力）

例句： He was gratuitously rude to the waiter for no apparent reason. 他無緣無故地對服務生表現得非常粗魯。

同義詞：unnecessarily, needlessly 反義詞：justifiably, deservedly

Although he bore the title of chairman, insiders recognized that he was merely a ______, a powerless figure manipulated by influential financiers who dictated every decision.

(A) cipher

(B) magnate

(D) luminary

【解析】句意為「雖然他掛著主席的頭銜，但圈內人都知道他只不過是一個_______，一個沒有實權、被那些主導所有決策的有權勢金融家所操縱的人物。」

(A) cipher 無足輕重的人；（數學）零（正確答案）

常用片語或短句： a mere cipher（僅是一個傀儡/無權勢者） act as a cipher（充當無實權的角色）

例句： The king had no real power and was a mere cipher in the hands of his ministers. 國王沒有實權，僅是大臣們手中的一個傀儡。

同義詞：nonentity, figurehead 反義詞：heavyweight, authority

(B) magnate 權貴；巨頭；大亨

常用片語或短句： a business magnate（商業界大亨） a media magnate（媒體巨頭）

例句： The oil magnate controlled a large portion of the global energy market. 這位石油大亨控制了全球能源市場的一大部分。

同義詞：tycoon, baron 反義詞：underling, nobody

常用片語或短句： a military deserter（逃兵） branded as a deserter（被烙上背叛者的標籤）

例句： He was caught and punished for being a deserter during the war. 他因在戰爭期間當逃兵而被抓獲並受罰。

同義詞：renegade, runaway 反義詞：loyalist, follower

(D) luminary 傑出人物；才智出眾的人

常用片語或短句： leading luminaries（頂尖傑出人士） a luminary in the field of science（科學界的泰斗）

例句： The conference was attended by luminaries from the tech industry. 科技界的許多傑出人物出席了這次會議。

同義詞：celebrity, star 反義詞：obscurity, commoner

II. Cloze Test (10%) Directions: Choose the best answer for each blank in the following passages.

(A) Year after year, the same group of countries continues to rank among the happiest in the world, with Finland once again taking the top position. 11 , other Nordic nations such as Denmark, Iceland, and Sweden consistently perform well. This recurring pattern suggests that happiness is not simply a matter of chance, but rather the result of stable social systems and deeply rooted cultural values.

These rankings are based on how people evaluate their own lives, rather than relying solely on economic indicators. Elements such as trust, social support, personal freedom, and a sense of security all contribute significantly. 12 , individuals tend to feel more satisfied when they can rely on others, feel safe in their surroundings, and maintain a degree of control over their decisions.

One 13 characteristic of these societies is their emphasis on balance. While work remains important, it does not dominate people’s lives. Instead, there is a strong cultural expectation to maintain a healthy 14 between professional responsibilities and personal well-being. Access to public services, including healthcare and education, further alleviates stress and allows individuals to focus on meaningful relationships and quality of life.

However, 15 . In some regions, particularly among younger generations, levels of happiness appear to be declining. Factors such as economic uncertainty, social pressure, and the growing influence of digital lifestyles may contribute to this trend. Taken together, these insights suggest that happiness is shaped by everyday conditions, where support, stability, and balance play a central role in determining overall well-being.

11.(A) Even so(B) By then(C) Alongside it(D) Regarding this

12.(A) By contrast(B) To clarify(C) As such(D) If so

13.(A) defining(B) incidental(C) irrelevant(D) occasional

14.(A) hegemony(B) equilibrium(C) contingency(D) paradigm

15.

(A) all regions have experienced increased happiness

(B) not all developments are encouraging

(D) economic stability guarantees overall well-being

【解析】11.

(A) Even so（即便如此） (B) By then（到那時）

句意與解析：芬蘭再次蟬聯榜首，「11」，丹麥、冰島、瑞典等其他北歐國家也表現優異。這兩者是並列關係，(C) Alongside it 最為合適，用來帶出同樣表現優異的其他對象。

• 常用片語： alongside someone/something（與某人/某事並列）

• 例句： The new stadium will be built alongside the old one. （新體育場將建在舊體育場旁邊。）

• 正義詞： along with, together with

• 反義詞： separate from, apart from

________________________________________

12.前一句列舉了信任、社會支持、個人自由等元素對幸福感的貢獻。後一句則是總結這些元素帶來的結果：因為有這些支持，所以（As such）個體會感到更滿意。這裡的 As such 充當連接詞，承接前述條件並引出結論。

常用片語或短句： As such, we should…（因此，我們應該…） not a leader as such（稱不上是真正的領導者）

例句： The new law limits noise levels; as such, many clubs have had to close early. （新法律限制了噪音水準；因此，許多俱樂部不得不提前關門。）

同義詞：therefore, consequently, accordingly 反義詞：nevertheless, regardless

(A) By contrast：相比之下。通常用於對比兩件截然不同的事情，但此處兩句意旨相同。

(B) To clarify：為了澄清／說明。雖然有解釋意涵，但 (C) 的因果邏輯更符合描述社會系統（原因）與個人感受（結果）之間的關係。

(D) If so：如果是這樣。這通常用於假設語句，但此處敘述的是已知的研究事實。

13.

(A) defining（定義性的/關鍵的） (B) incidental（附帶的/偶然的） (C) irrelevant（不相關的） (D) occasional（偶爾的）

句意與解析：這些社會的一個「13」特徵是強調平衡。由於「強調平衡」是北歐社會公認的核心特色，應選 (A) defining，意指這是一個具代表性、關鍵的特徵。

• 常用片語： a defining moment（轉捩點/定義性時刻）

• 例句： Innovation is the defining characteristic of our company. （創新是我們公司的核心定義特徵。）

• 正義詞： characteristic, distinctive

• 反義詞： secondary, unimportant

________________________________________

14.

(A) hegemony（霸權/支配權） (B) equilibrium（平衡/均衡） (C) contingency（偶發事件/意外） (D) paradigm（範例/典範）

句意與解析：人們期望在職業責任與個人福祉之間保持健康的「14」。根據上下文提到的「強調平衡（balance）」，(B) equilibrium（平衡）是該詞的完美替換。

• 常用片語： maintain an equilibrium（保持平衡）

• 例句： It is difficult to maintain an equilibrium between work and play. （在工作與娛樂之間維持平衡是很困難的。）

• 正義詞： balance, stability

• 反義詞： imbalance, instability

15.

(A) all regions have experienced increased happiness（所有地區的幸福感都增加了）

(B) not all developments are encouraging（並非所有發展都令人鼓舞） (C) digital lifestyles have eliminated social pressure（數位生活方式消除了社交壓力）

(D) economic stability guarantees overall well-being（經濟穩定保證了整體的福祉）

句意與解析：這一段開頭用「However（然而）」轉折，後文提到年輕世代幸福感「正在下降」，且面臨經濟不確定與壓力。因此，(B) not all developments are encouraging（並非所有的發展都令人感到鼓舞/正向）最符合轉折後的主旨。

• 常用片語： an encouraging sign（振奮人心的跡象）

• 例句： The preliminary results of the experiment are very encouraging. （實驗的初步結果非常令人鼓舞。）

• 正義詞： promising, positive

• 反義詞： discouraging, depressing

(B) The FDA approval of Novo Nordisk’s oral Wegovy marks a monumental shift in obesity treatment. Previously limited to weekly injections, patients now have a daily tablet option. This breakthrough requires overcoming the hostile environment of the human stomach, an acidic organ notorious for degrading peptide-based medications, thereby 16 their entry into systemic circulation.

Surprisingly, the manufacturing process begins with common baker’s yeast, genetically engineered to synthesize a protein precursor. Through rigorous fermentation, this process yields semaglutide. This compound mimics a naturally occurring hormone that targets the brain’s reward centers. Not only 17 appetite, but it also induces a prolonged sense of satiety.

Transforming this potent injectable into a viable oral tablet presented a formidable challenge. To shield the active ingredients, researchers formulated a proprietary fatty-acid derivative. Once ingested, this innovative vehicle creates temporary changes in the stomach lining’s permeability. It acts as a transient shield against enzymatic breakdown, without which the drug 18 thoroughly absorbed into the bloodstream.

However, to maximize bioavailability, the pharmacological regimen demands strict adherence. The tablet must be consumed first thing in the morning on an empty stomach. Patients must abstain from any nutritional intake for at least thirty minutes, 19 the drug’s therapeutic efficacy will be severely compromised.

As Novo Nordisk capitalizes on this head start, competitors are aggressively advancing their own oral candidates, eager to capture a lucrative segment of an expanding market 20 an estimated two billion individuals globally.

16.(A) precluding(B) obviating(C) curtailing(D) nullifying

17.(A) it suppresses(B) suppressing(C) does it suppress(D) has it suppressed

18.

(A) will never have been

(B) could never have been

(D) was never

19.(A) failing which(B) given that(C) short of(D) insofar as

20.(A) comprised of(B) making up(C) consisted of(D) comprising

【解析】16.

句意為胃部這種酸性器官會降解（degrading）肽類藥物，「從而防止了（thereby precluding）」這些藥物進入體循環。在醫學描述中，當環境因素導致某種路徑「完全無法達成」或「被排除在外」時，precluding 是最精確的用語。

常用片語或短句： preclude the possibility of…（排除…的可能性） preclude someone from doing something（防止某人做某事）

The heavy rain precluded any possibility of the game taking place. （大雨排除了比賽進行的任何可能性。）

同義詞：prevent, rule out, stop 反義詞：permit, allow, facilitate

(B) obviating 排除（困難）；消除（需求）

常用片語或短句： obviate the need for…（消除對…的需求）

例句： The new medical treatment obviates the need for surgery. （新的療法消除了手術的需求。）

解析：這通常指透過某種手段「省去」了原本需要的東西，與此處「環境阻礙進入」的語境不符。

常用片語或短句： curtail spending（縮減開支） curtail someone’s freedom（限制某人的自由）

例句： Budget cuts have forced the library to curtail its hours. （預算刪減迫使圖書館縮減開放時間。）

解析：雖然有「限制」之意，但在描述「防止藥物被吸收」這種生物屏障時，precluding（使其無法發生）比 curtailing（減少數量）更符合科研描述的嚴謹性。

(D) nullifying 使無效；廢棄

常用片語或短句： nullify a contract（使合約無效）

例句： The judge nullified the previous decision. （法官廢止了之前的判決。）

解析：這通常用於法律或規則上的取消，而非物理或化學上的阻擋。

17. 題組解析

(A) it suppresses (B) suppressing (C) does it suppress（正確答案） (D) has it suppressed

解析：這題考的是「倒裝句」。句首使用了否定副詞詞組 Not only，後方的主詞與動詞必須倒裝。原句為一般現在時描述藥物功能，故助動詞用 does 引導。

常用結構：Not only + [助動詞/be動詞] + 主詞 + 動詞… 例句：Not only does he speak English, but he also speaks French. （他不僅會說英文，還會說法文。）

________________________________________

18. 題組解析

(A) will never have been (B) could never have been (C) could never be（正確答案） (D) was never

解析：這題考的是「假設語氣」。前面提到 “without which”（若沒有這個載體），這是一個與事實相反的假設（若沒有保護，藥物將無法被吸收）。針對現在或一般事實的假設，後方使用 could/would + 原形動詞。

例句：Without your help, I could never finish this task. （沒有你的幫助，我絕無法完成這項任務。）

________________________________________

19. 題組解析

(A) failing which（若不如此；否則的話）（正確答案） (B) given that（考慮到；鑑於） (C) short of（除非；除了…之外） (D) insofar as（在…的範圍內）

解析：句意為：患者必須在服藥後至少 30 分鐘內禁食，「若不如此」，藥物的療效將嚴重受損。(A) failing which 是一個正式的法律或醫學常用術語，意思等於 “if that does not happen” 或 “otherwise”。

例句：You must pay the fine by Friday, failing which you will go to court. （你必須在週五前繳清罰款，否則你將面臨起訴。）

________________________________________

20. 題組解析

(A) comprised of (B) making up (C) consisted of (D) comprising（正確答案）

解析：這題考「包含/組成」的動詞用法。

1. comprise (V.) 包含，主動用法，後方直接接對象。

2. consist of 雖然意思相同，但這裡語法需用 consisting of。

3. be comprised of 是被動用法，若選 (A) 應為 “which is comprised of”。因此 (D) comprising（包含）作為分詞修飾前面的 market 最為正確。

例句：The collection is huge, comprising over 500 paintings. （這套收藏規模宏大，包含 500 多幅畫作。）

同義詞：including, containing 反義詞：excluding

【題目解析】

句子結構： …eager to capture a lucrative segment of an expanding market (20) _____ an estimated two billion individuals globally. （……渴望占領一個包含（由……組成）全球估計 20 億人的擴張中市場。）

• 關鍵邏輯：市場的「構成」

1. 先行詞：market（市場）。

2. 後方內容：two billion individuals（20 億人）。

3. 這裡需要一個形容詞片語來修飾 market。

4. Comprise：動詞，意指「包含、包括、由……組成」。在主動語態中，主詞是「整體」，受詞是「部分」。

• 用法：The market comprises 2 billion people. (主動)

• 分詞化：…a market comprising 2 billion people. (主動分詞修飾)

【選項細節檢查】

選項語法結構分析結論

(A) comprised of 被動用法。雖然常見，但正式語法中 be comprised of 較受爭議。錯誤。若要選此項，前面通常需要連綴動詞（如 a market that is comprised of）。

(B) making up 主動分詞。語意不通。Make up 是「部分組成整體」，應是 2 billion people make up the market，而非市場 make up 人。

(D) comprising 現在分詞（主動）。正確。Comprising 直接作為形容詞片語，修飾前面的 market。

? 易混淆單字：組成與包含 (The Whole vs. The Parts)

當你要表達「A 包含 B」或「A 由 B 組成」時：

1. Active (主動):

• The market comprises 2 billion people. (正)

• The market consists of 2 billion people. (正)

• Comprising 2 billion people… (正，本題用法)

2. Passive (被動):

• The market is composed of 2 billion people. (正)

• The market is comprised of 2 billion people. (可接受，但較不正式)

解題小結：

這題考的是 “Active vs. Passive Inclusion” (主動與被動包含)。記住一個簡單口訣：Whole comprises parts (整體包含部分)。因為 market 是整體，所以用主動分詞 comprising。如果你選 consisted of，那必須改成 consisting of 才符合語法。

IV. Reading Comprehension (10%)

Directions: Read the following passage and choose the best answer for each question.

Sugar consumption has been reported to be harmful to our body. Some people may tell you that you can limit the damage by being picky about which type of sugar you eat. Avoid refined white sugar, they will say, and search out the healthier “natural” stuff instead, such as raw sugar or honey. Alas, the advice is misplaced—the type of sugar you eat won’t make any difference to your health. What could, though, is how you eat it.

More than 250 different types of sugar can appear on food labels. But whether you see sugar, nectar, or syrup, their sweetness usually comes from the same two main molecules: fructose and glucose. When they are bound together in equal proportions, they form sucrose—familiar plain white sugar.

Glucose is the body’s main source of fuel, used for metabolism within cells. Consuming lots at once will cause a spike of it in your blood, which is then followed by a sharp dip that will make you hungry. Over time, frequent spikes can also impair blood glucose control and lead to diabetes.

Fructose, found mainly in fruits and honey, is much sweeter and does not cause spikes because it first has to be processed into glucose, and other compounds, inside the intestine and the liver. Excessive fructose, though, is turned into fat by the liver and, in some people who cannot deal with sugar well, lots of unabsorbed fructose may linger in the gut, feeding harmful bacteria and causing bloating and other problems. So a useful strategy, when consuming sugar in any form, is to eat it slowly.

Another tip is to avoid drinking your sugar. Having a sugary drink is worse than eating the same amount of sugar as part of food, simply because drinking allows more sugar to be gulped down faster. By contrast, you would struggle to eat three oranges in one sitting, the number you would need for a glass of orange juice, due to the fiber of the pulp. It helps that both fructose and glucose are absorbed more slowly when they are consumed with fiber, or alongside protein or fat. All these macronutrients interfere with sugar’s access to the intestinal wall and also make you feel fuller or longer. Chewing also slows down the speed at which sugars reach the stomach.

Other ingredients in “natural” sugars are unlikely to make them any healthier. Date sugar, which is just ground dried dates, has some fiber; in some brands, it makes up around 10% of the weight, though this is too little to affect the speed of sugar absorption by the gut. Honey has some minerals and antioxidants but you would need to eat several jars of it to get the same amounts you would get from a cup of blueberries.

To protect your health, focus on slowing down absorption by choosing whole foods over sugary drinks and ensuring that any sugar you do consume is paired with fiber, protein, or fat.

31. According to the passage, what is the most important factor regarding sugar consumption and its impact on health?

(A) Choosing “natural” sugars like honey over refined white sugar.

(B) Identifying which of the 250 different types of sugar is on a label.

(D) Ensuring that fructose and glucose are never bound together.

【解析】第31題

題目重點：影響健康最重要的因素是什麼？

文章一開始就說：

“the type of sugar you eat won’t make any difference… What could, though, is how you eat it.”

意思是：吃哪種糖不重要，「怎麼吃」才重要

答案： (C) The specific manner in which the sugar is consumed.（糖的攝取方式）

32. What is a primary biological risk associated with frequent spikes in blood glucose?

(A) It can lead to the development of diabetes over time.

(B) It prevents harmful bacteria from growing in the gut.

(D) It causes the body to stop using glucose as a source of fuel.

【解析】題目重點：血糖常常飆高會有什麼風險？

“frequent spikes can… lead to diabetes.”

意思是：常常血糖暴升，長期會導致糖尿病

答案： (A) It can lead to the development of diabetes over time.

33. Why is it generally considered worse to drink sugar, such as in juice, than to eat it in whole food form?

(A) Liquid sugar contains more calories per molecule than solid sugar.

(B) Drinking allows for a faster intake of sugar without the slowing effects of fiber.

(D) The act of swallowing liquid triggers the liver to produce more fat than chewing does.

題目重點：為什麼喝糖（如果汁）比吃糖更糟？

文章說：

喝的話會「更快」攝取大量糖

吃水果有纖維，會減慢吸收

所以關鍵是：沒有纖維 → 吸收很快 → 糖一下子進入體內

答案： (B) Drinking allows for a faster intake of sugar without the slowing effects of fiber.

34. According to the passage, which of the following helps slow down the speed at which sugar reaches the stomach or is absorbed by the intestinal wall?

(A) Consuming sugar exclusively in the form of honey or date sugar.

(B) Eating sugar quickly to ensure it passes through the system faster.

(D) Replacing all glucose in the diet with liquid fructose.

【解析】第34題

題目重點：什麼可以讓糖吸收變慢？

文章提到：

iber（纖維）、protein（蛋白質）、fat（脂肪）都可以減慢吸收

答案： (C) Pairing sugar with fiber and macronutrients like protein or fat.

35. Why are the “natural” ingredients in honey and date sugar described as being of limited health value?

(A) The fiber in date sugar is a type that the human gut cannot process.

(B) The minerals in honey are only beneficial when paired with refined white sugar.

(D) It takes an excessive, unhealthy amount of these sugars to gain desirable benefits.

【解析】題目重點：為什麼「天然糖」（蜂蜜、椰棗糖）其實沒有比較健康？

文章說：雖然有一點營養（纖維、礦物質）

但要吃「很多很多」才有明顯效果（不實際也不健康）

答案： (D) It takes an excessive, unhealthy amount of these sugars to gain desirable benefits.

發佈留言 取消回覆

發佈留言取消回覆