1. This _____ technology provides relief for eyestrain symptoms in presbyopes.
(A) unprecedented
(B) inebriated
(C) introspective
(D) retrospect
【解析】
這項_____的技術為老花眼患者提供了緩解眼睛疲勞症狀的效果。
(A) unprecedented 前所未有的；空前的
unprecedented technology（前所未有的科技）
unprecedented success（空前的成功）
The company achieved unprecedented growth last year.
這家公司去年達到了前所未有的成長。
同義詞： extraordinary, remarkable
反義詞： ordinary, common
(B) inebriated 喝醉的；陶醉的
become inebriated（變得醉醺醺）
He was too inebriated to drive home.
他喝得太醉，無法開車回家。
同義詞： drunk, intoxicated
反義詞： sober
(C) introspective 內省的；自我反思的
introspective thinking（內省式思考）
She became more introspective after the experience.
那次經歷後，她變得更加內省。
同義詞： reflective, thoughtful
反義詞： unreflective, superficial
(D) retrospect 回顧；追溯（名詞）
in retrospect（回想起來）
In retrospect, it was a wise decision.回頭看來，那是一個明智的決定。
同義詞： review, hindsight
反義詞： foresight, anticipation
Medical research has proved that long-term sleep deprivation has a/an _____ effect on health.
(A) pernicious(B) obscure(C) commodious(D) lucrative
【解析】醫學研究已證明，長期睡眠不足對健康有一種_____的影響。
(A) pernicious 有害的；有毒的
pernicious effect（有害的影響）pernicious habit（有害的習慣）
Smoking has a pernicious effect on your lungs.
吸菸對你的肺部有害。
同義詞： harmful, detrimental
反義詞： beneficial, harmless
(B) obscure 模糊的；不清楚的；鮮為人知的
obscure meaning（模糊的意思）
remain obscure（仍然不明）
The cause of the disease remains obscure.
這種疾病的原因仍然不明。
同義詞： unclear, vague
反義詞： clear, obvious
(C) commodious 寬敞的；寬大的
commodious room（寬敞的房間）
a commodious house（一棟寬大的房子）
They live in a commodious apartment.
他們住在一間寬敞的公寓裡。
同義詞： spacious, roomy
反義詞： cramped, narrow
(D) lucrative 賺錢的；有利可圖的
lucrative business（賺錢的生意）
a lucrative deal（一筆有利可圖的交易）
He left his job to start a more lucrative business.
他辭掉工作去經營一個更賺錢的生意。
同義詞： profitable, rewarding
反義詞： unprofitable, loss-making
The explosion was so powerful that it _____ several abandoned warehouses.
(A) alleged(B) circumvented(C) obliterated(D) amassed
【解析】這次爆炸威力如此強大，以至於它_____了數棟被遺棄的倉庫。
語境解析：
句中強調「爆炸威力強大」，結果應該是造成嚴重破壞甚至完全摧毀，
(C) obliterated 徹底摧毀；消滅
obliterate a building（摧毀建築）
be obliterated by explosion（被爆炸摧毀）
The bomb obliterated the entire village.炸彈摧毀了整個村莊。
同義詞： destroy, demolish
反義詞： build, preserve
(A) alleged 聲稱；宣稱（通常未證實）
alleged crime（涉嫌的犯罪）alleged victim（據稱的受害者）
He allegedly stole the money.據稱他偷了那筆錢。
同義詞： claim, assert反義詞： prove, confirm
(B) circumvented 規避；繞過
circumvent the law（規避法律）circumvent a problem（繞過問題）
They tried to circumvent the regulations.他們試圖規避這些規定。
同義詞： evade, bypass
反義詞： confront, face
(D) amassed 積累；聚集
amass wealth（積累財富）amass information（收集資訊）
He amassed a large fortune over the years.
多年來他積累了大量財富。
同義詞： accumulate, gather
反義詞： disperse, scatter
In order for your claims to be accepted, _____ evidence would be required.
(A) inconsolable
(B) incontrovertible
(C) inconclusive
(D) considerate
【解析】為了讓你的主張被接受，需要_____的證據。
(B) incontrovertible 無可爭辯的；確鑿的
incontrovertible evidence（無可辯駁的證據）
incontrovertible fact（確鑿的事實）
The video provided incontrovertible proof of his innocence.
這段影片提供了他清白的確鑿證據。
同義詞： undeniable, irrefutable
反義詞： debatable, questionable
(A) inconsolable 無法安慰的；極度悲傷的
inconsolable grief（無法撫慰的悲傷）be inconsolable（傷心欲絕）
She was inconsolable after losing her pet.她失去寵物後傷心欲絕。
同義詞： heartbroken, devastated
反義詞： comforted, consoled
(C) inconclusive 無定論的；不確定的
inconclusive result（不確定的結果）
evidence is inconclusive（證據不充分）
The experiment produced inconclusive results.
這項實驗得出了不確定的結果。
同義詞： uncertain, indecisive
反義詞： conclusive, definite
(D) considerate 體貼的；為他人著想的
be considerate of others（體貼他人）
a considerate person（一個體貼的人）
He is always considerate toward his colleagues.他總是對同事很體貼。
同義詞： thoughtful, kind
反義詞： inconsiderate, selfish
At the party, Jessica was very _____ in the crowded room because her dress was so bright and colorful.
(A) conscientious
(B) conspicuous
(C) reversible
(D) persistent
【解析】在派對上，由於Jessica的洋裝非常鮮豔多彩，她在人群擁擠的房間裡非常_____。
(B) conspicuous 顯眼的；引人注目的
become conspicuous（變得顯眼）
make oneself conspicuous（使自己引人注意）
She was conspicuous in her bright yellow dress.
她穿著亮黃色洋裝，非常顯眼。
同義詞： noticeable, prominent
反義詞： inconspicuous, hidden
(A) conscientious 盡責的；認真的
a conscientious worker（認真的員工）
be conscientious about work（對工作負責）
He is conscientious in everything he does.
他做每件事都很認真。
同義詞： diligent, responsible
反義詞： careless, negligent
(C) reversible 可逆的；可翻轉的
reversible jacket（雙面穿外套）
reversible process（可逆過程）
This jacket is reversible and can be worn inside out.
這件外套可以雙面穿。
同義詞： changeable, convertible
反義詞： irreversible
(D) persistent 持續的；堅持的
persistent effort（持續的努力）
be persistent in doing something（堅持做某事）
She was persistent in achieving her goals.
她堅持達成自己的目標。
同義詞： determined, enduring
反義詞： inconsistent, giving up
As I have yet to see any concrete evidence, I can only assume that all of your claims were _____.
(A) spurious
(B) furious
(C) fortunate
(D) emergent
【解析】由於我尚未看到任何具體證據，我只能假設你所有的說法都是_____。
(A) spurious 虛假的；偽造的
spurious claims（虛假的主張）spurious argument（站不住腳的論點）
His explanation turned out to be spurious.
他的解釋結果證明是假的。
同義詞： false, fake
反義詞： genuine, authentic
(B) furious 憤怒的；狂怒的
be furious about something（對某事很生氣）
a furious reaction（激烈的反應）
She was furious when she heard the news.
她聽到消息時非常憤怒。
同義詞： angry, enraged
反義詞： calm, peaceful
(C) fortunate 幸運的；有福氣的
be fortunate to do something（有幸做某事）
a fortunate outcome（幸運的結果）
He was fortunate to survive the accident.
他很幸運在事故中倖存。
同義詞： lucky, blessed
反義詞： unfortunate, unlucky
(D) emergent 新興的；正在出現的
emergent technology（新興科技）
emergent trends（新興趨勢）
Emergent technologies are changing the world rapidly.
新興科技正快速改變世界。
同義詞： emerging, developing
反義詞： established, declining
.The towel massage in Japan is said to benefit the immune system, helping to _____ colds.
(A) count out
(B) hand over
(C) ward off
(D) round down
【解析】據說日本的毛巾按摩有助於增強免疫系統，幫助_____感冒。
(C) ward off 抵擋；預防
ward off illness（預防疾病）ward off danger（避開危險）
Regular exercise helps ward off colds.規律運動有助於預防感冒。
同義詞： prevent, repel反義詞： invite, allow
(A) count out 排除；不列入考慮
count someone out（把某人排除）
count out an option（排除一個選項）
You can count me out of the plan.你可以把我排除在這個計畫之外。
同義詞： exclude, eliminate反義詞： include, accept
(B) hand over 交出；移交
hand over control（移交控制權）hand over documents（交出文件）
He was forced to hand over the money.他被迫交出錢。
同義詞： give up, surrender反義詞： keep, retain
(D) round down 向下取整；湊成較小整數
round down a number（將數字無條件捨去）
round down to ten（向下取整到十）
The price was rounded down to the nearest dollar.
價格被無條件捨去到最接近的整數。
同義詞： decrease, reduce
反義詞： round up
Education, socializing, work and leisure activities help the elderly build up “cognitive reserve” and make the brain more _____ against any age-related decline.
(A) revokable
(B) vulnerable
(C) auspicious
(D) resilient
【解析】教育、社交、工作與休閒活動有助於老年人建立「認知儲備」，並使大腦對抗與年齡相關的退化變得更加_____。
(D) resilient 有彈性的；有韌性的；能迅速恢復的
resilient mind（有韌性的心智）
be resilient against stress（能抵抗壓力）
Children are often more resilient than adults.
孩子通常比成年人更有復原力。
同義詞： tough, adaptable
反義詞： fragile, vulnerable
(A) revokable 可撤銷的
revokable license（可撤銷的執照）be revokable（可被撤回）
The agreement is revokable under certain conditions.
該協議在某些情況下可被撤銷。
同義詞： cancelable, reversible
反義詞： irrevocable
(B) vulnerable 脆弱的；易受傷害的
be vulnerable to disease（容易感染疾病）
vulnerable group（弱勢族群）
Elderly people are vulnerable to infections.
老年人容易受到感染。
同義詞： fragile, susceptible
反義詞： strong, resilient
(C) auspicious 吉祥的；有利的
auspicious occasion（吉祥的場合）an auspicious start（好的開始）
The event began on an auspicious day.
活動在一個吉祥的日子開始。
同義詞： favorable, promising反義詞： unlucky, unfavorable
Genetic engineering and gene therapy will be used to _____ diseases, thanks to our knowledge of the human genome.
(A) eradicate
(B) modify
(C) gridlock
(D) proliferate
【解析】多虧了我們對人類基因組的了解，基因工程與基因療法將被用來_____疾病。
(A) eradicate 根除；消滅
eradicate disease（根除疾病）eradicate poverty（消除貧困）
Vaccination programs have helped eradicate smallpox.
疫苗計畫已經幫助消滅天花。
同義詞： eliminate, abolish反義詞： cause, promote
(B) modify 修改；改變
genetically modify（基因修改）modify behavior（改變行為）
The scientist modified the experiment to get better results.
科學家修改了實驗以獲得更好的結果。
同義詞： alter, adjust反義詞： maintain, preserve
(C) gridlock 僵局；交通阻塞
traffic gridlock（交通阻塞）
The political gridlock delayed the reforms.
政治僵局延遲了改革。
同義詞： stalemate, deadlock
反義詞： progress, flow
(D) proliferate 激增；迅速繁殖
proliferate cells（細胞快速繁殖）proliferate rumors（謠言迅速傳播）
Social media causes fake news to proliferate.
社群媒體使假新聞快速傳播。
同義詞： multiply, increase反義詞： decrease, decline
Intrusive thoughts can be extremely distressing and often focus on topics that feel completely _____ with a person’s values or identity.
(A) in essence
(B) over the moon
(C) under the weather
(D) at odds
【解析】入侵性思緒可能會讓人極度痛苦，且通常集中在與一個人的價值觀或自我認同感完全_____的議題上。
(A) in essence本質上；從根本上
In essence, all humans seek happiness.
從本質上來說，所有人都追求幸福。
正義：fundamentally（根本上）、basically（基本上）
反義：superficially（表面上）
(B) over the moon非常高興，欣喜若狂
over the moon about sth. 表示對某事非常開心
She was over the moon when she got the promotion.她升職時欣喜若狂。
正義：ecstatic（狂喜的）、thrilled（激動的）
反義：devastated（極度傷心的）、miserable（痛苦的）
(C) under the weather身體不舒服、生病
under the weather 表示身體狀況不佳
I feel a bit under the weather today.我今天感覺有點不舒服。
正義：ill（生病的）、unwell（不舒服）
反義：healthy（健康的）、fit（健康的）
(D) at odds 不一致、矛盾、相互衝突
at odds with 表示與…不一致或矛盾
His actions were at odds with his words.
他的行動與他的言語背道而馳。
正義：in conflict（衝突的）、in disagreement（不同意的）
反義：in harmony（和諧一致的）、consistent（一致的）
The police _____ the suspect for hours, but eventually let him go.
(A) diluted
(B) dissolved
(C) grilled
(D) consorted
【解析】警察盤問嫌疑犯好幾個小時，但最後還是把他放了。
(A) diluted 稀釋；削弱
dilute solution（稀釋溶液）dilute color（顏色變淡）
She diluted the juice with water.她用水把果汁稀釋。
同義詞： weaken, water down
反義詞： concentrate, strengthen
(B) dissolved 溶解；解散
dissolve sugar in water（糖溶解在水中）dissolve a company（解散公司）
The sugar dissolved quickly in the hot tea.
糖很快溶解在熱茶中。
同義詞： melt, break up
反義詞： solidify, form
(C) grilled 嚴厲盤問；拷問
grill sb about sth（嚴厲盤問某事）grill witness（盤問證人）
The police grilled the suspect for hours.
警察盤問嫌疑犯好幾個小時。
同義詞： interrogate, question
反義詞： ignore, overlook
(D) consorted 結交；勾結
consort with criminals（與罪犯勾結）consort with friends（與朋友交往）
He was accused of consorting with the enemy.
他被指控與敵人勾結。
同義詞： associate, fraternize
反義詞： avoid, shun
In her early thirties, Jenny was _____ with a crisis of confidence.
(A) contaminated
(B) afflicted
(C) intoxicated
(D) bedraggled
【解析】在三十出頭時，珍妮飽受自信危機困擾。
(A) contaminated 受污染；受玷污
contaminated water（受污染的水）contaminated food（受污染的食物）
The river was contaminated by industrial waste.
這條河被工業廢水污染。
同義詞： polluted, tainted
反義詞： pure, clean
(B) afflicted 受折磨；受困擾
be afflicted with disease（受疾病折磨）
be afflicted by poverty（受貧困困擾）
She was afflicted with severe anxiety for years.
她多年間一直深受嚴重焦慮困擾。
同義詞： troubled, burdened
反義詞： comforted, relieved
(C) intoxicated 陶醉的；醉酒的
intoxicated with wine（喝醉的）intoxicated with success（沉醉於成功）
He became intoxicated after drinking too much.
他喝太多酒後醉了。
同義詞： drunk, elated
反義詞： sober, clear-headed
(D) bedraggled 濕透的；衣衫襤褸的
bedraggled hair（濕亂的頭髮）bedraggled clothes（破爛的衣服）
The dog came in bedraggled from the rain.
狗從雨中進來，全身濕透又凌亂。
同義詞： messy, disheveled
反義詞： neat, tidy
Family characteristics such as poor parenting skills, family size, home discord, child maltreatment, and antisocial parents are risk factors linked to juvenile _____.
(A) infestation
(B) empathy
(C) detrainment
(D) delinquency
【解析】家庭特徵，如不良的教養能力、家庭成員多寡、家庭不和、虐待兒童，以及反社會的父母，都是與青少年_____相關的風險因素。
(A) infestation 感染；蟲害
pest infestation（害蟲感染）infestation of rats（鼠患）
The house suffered from a termite infestation.
這棟房子遭受白蟻侵害。
同義詞： invasion, infestation of pests
反義詞： cleanliness, sanitation
(B) empathy 同理心
show empathy（表現同理心）lack of empathy（缺乏同理心）
Good teachers show empathy toward their students.
好的老師對學生表現同理心。
同義詞： compassion, understanding
反義詞： indifference, apathy
(C) detrainment 退訓；失去訓練
detrainment program（退訓計畫）
He underwent detrainment after leaving the military.
他退役後接受了退訓。
同義詞： disuse反義詞： training, instruction
(D) delinquency 青少年犯罪；違法行為
juvenile delinquency（青少年犯罪）delinquent behavior（不良行為）
Family problems can contribute to juvenile delinquency.
家庭問題可能導致青少年犯罪。
同義詞： misbehavior, criminality
反義詞： obedience, lawfulness
When export sales began to decline, our hopes of business success _____.
(A) plummeted
(B) whizzed
(C) scampered
(D) soared
【解析】當出口銷售開始下滑時，我們對事業成功的希望。
(A) plummeted 暴跌；急遽下降
plummet in value（價值暴跌）plummet from the cliff（從懸崖上墜落）
Stock prices plummeted after the company announced losses.
公司宣布虧損後，股價暴跌。
同義詞： drop sharply, fall drastically
反義詞： soar, rise
(B) whizzed 飛速移動；快速掠過
whizz past（快速掠過）whizz down the hill（快速下坡）
The car whizzed past us on the highway.
那輛車在高速公路上飛速掠過我們。
同義詞： zip, rush
反義詞： crawl, slow
(C) scampered 奔跑；急忙跑
scamper away（迅速跑開）scamper to school（急忙跑去學校）
The children scampered across the playground.
孩子們在操場上奔跑。
同義詞： dash, run quickly
反義詞： stroll, walk
(D) soared 飆升；急速上升
soar in price（價格飆升）soar into the sky（飛升入天空）
Airline stocks soared after the travel ban was lifted.
旅遊禁令解除後，航空股飆升。
同義詞： rise, skyrocket
反義詞： plummet, drop
When Paul left school, he was _____ for a job, so he took the first one he was offered.
(A) discarded
(B) desperate
(C) defiant
(D) dexterous
【解析】(A) discarded 被丟棄的；被淘汰的
discarded items（被丟棄的物品）discarded ideas（被淘汰的想法）
Old magazines were discarded in the recycling bin.
舊雜誌被丟到回收箱裡。
同義詞： rejected, thrown away反義詞： kept, retained
(B) desperate 絕望的；急切的
desperate for help（迫切需要幫助）desperate situation（絕望的情況）
He was desperate for a job and accepted anything offered.
他急需工作，因此接受了任何被提供的職位。
同義詞： anxious, urgent, needy反義詞： content, relaxed
(C) defiant 挑釁的；公然反抗的
defiant attitude（挑釁態度）defiant behavior（反抗行為）
The child was defiant toward his teacher.這個孩子對老師公然反抗。
同義詞： rebellious, resistant
反義詞： obedient, compliant
(D) dexterous 靈巧的；熟練的
dexterous hands（靈巧的雙手）dexterous performance（熟練的表演）
She is dexterous at playing the piano.她彈鋼琴非常靈巧。
同義詞： skillful, agile反義詞： clumsy, awkward
When _____ impulses from many of the neurons in one part of the brain, an epileptic seizure occurs.
(A) the simultaneous bursts
(B) simultaneously burst
(C) there are simultaneous bursts of
(D) simultaneously bursting
【解析】當大腦某一部分的許多神經元同時發放衝動時，就會發生癲癇發作。
(A) the simultaneous bursts中文解釋：同時爆發的衝動
The simultaneous bursts of light signaled the fireworks show.
燈光的同時爆發標誌著煙火表演開始。
「When the simultaneous bursts impulses」缺少介系詞或動詞來連接 bursts 和 impulses，語法不完整。
(B) simultaneously burst中文解釋：同時爆發（動詞形式）
The fireworks simultaneously burst into the sky.
煙火同時在天空中爆開。
動詞放在 when 子句開頭，缺少主語，語法錯誤。
(C) there are simultaneous bursts of 有同時爆發的衝動
There are simultaneous bursts of applause after the performance.
表演結束後，掌聲同時響起。
句構解析：
「When there are simultaneous bursts of impulses」完整的 when 子句 = 主語 + 動詞 + 介系詞短語。
主語：there；動詞：are；補語：simultaneous bursts of impulses
完整語法正確，清楚表達「當…發生時」的意思。
(D) simultaneously bursting中文解釋：同時爆發（現在分詞）
Simultaneously bursting fireworks lit up the sky.
同時綻放的煙火照亮了天空。
句構解析：缺少主語，現在分詞作開頭不符合 when 子句語法。
when 子句需要完整結構（主語 + 動詞）。
科學句型中，表達「某事件發生」時，常用 there are… 結構。
_____, scientists have greatly increased the yield of crops such as corn, rice, and wheat.
(A) Used the laws of genetics
(B) Using the laws of genetics
(C) The laws of genetics
(D) The laws of genetics are to be used
【解析】科學家大幅提高了玉米、稻米和小麥等作物的產量。
(B) Using the laws of genetics 使用遺傳學定律
Using the laws of genetics, scientists developed high-yield crops.
利用遺傳學定律，科學家培育出高產作物。
現在分詞作狀語，表示「手段或方式」，修飾主句的主語 scientists。
句首狀語分詞片語
格式：分詞 + 其他詞
修飾：主句主語
範例：Using the laws of genetics, scientists have increased crop yields.
分詞片語 vs. 名詞短語 vs. 完整句子
分詞片語 → 可以作方式、原因、時間、條件狀語
名詞短語 → 不能單獨作狀語，需要介系詞或連詞
完整句子 → 放在句首作狀語需用從屬連詞（because, when, although 等）
主語一致原則
分詞片語的行動者需與主句主語一致
錯誤示例：Using the laws of genetics, high yields were achieved.（高產物不是“使用”的主體，會造成 dangling modifier）
Which one of the following sentences is correct?
(A) Although fish do not have outer ears, some varieties have a simple inner ear on either side of the head.
(B) The various types of bacteria are classified, they are according to how they are shaped.
(C) Patients suffer from encephalitis have an inflame of the brain.
(D) A neutrino is a subatomic particle it has no electrical charge.
【解析】(A) Although fish do not have outer ears, some varieties have a simple inner ear on either side of the head.
雖然魚沒有外耳，但某些種類在頭部兩側有簡單的內耳。
outer ears（外耳）inner ear（內耳）
on either side of the head（在頭部的兩側）
Although humans have external ears, some mammals have very small or hidden outer ears.
雖然人類有外耳，但有些哺乳動物的外耳很小或隱藏。
同義詞： despite, in spite of（用於表達轉折）
反義詞： and, moreover（表示並列或加強）
文法解析：
正確使用了 although + 子句 表示讓步
主句與從句主語完整，語意通順
(B) The various types of bacteria are classified, they are according to how they are shaped.
各種細菌被分類，它們根據形狀。
逗號前後構成 兩個獨立子句，但用逗號直接連接 → comma splice（逗號連接兩個獨立子句）
正確方式應改為：The various types of bacteria are classified according to how they are shaped.
(C) Patients suffer from encephalitis have an inflame of the brain.
患有腦炎的病人腦部發炎。
have an inflame of the brain → inflame 是動詞，名詞應為 inflammation
缺少關係代名詞連接主句與修飾子句：正確應為：Patients who suffer from encephalitis have inflammation of the brain.
(D) A neutrino is a subatomic particle it has no electrical charge.
中微子是一種亞原子粒子，它沒有電荷。
it has no electrical charge 與前句是獨立子句，不能直接用逗號或空格連接 → run-on sentence（逗點連接句）
正確可改為：A neutrino is a subatomic particle, and it has no electrical charge.
Which one of the following sentences is correct?
(A) Studies show that the new strategy is not very effective alike the previous one.
(B) Natural gas is composed of hydrocarbon molecules that breaks apart into hydrogen and carbon atoms when heated.
(C) A dam stops the flow of water, creating a reservoir and raising the level of water.
(D) Cartilage covers the ends of bones helps to protect the joints from wear and tear.
【解析】
(A) Studies show that the new strategy is not very effective alike the previous one.
研究顯示這個新策略並不像以前那個那麼有效。
alike 用法錯誤。alike 是形容詞/副詞，通常用於名詞後作表語（如 “They are alike”），不能直接接在句子中比較兩者效果。
正確表達應使用 like 或 as … as：
…is not very effective like the previous one. → 改為 …is not very effective, like the previous one. 或 …is not as effective as the previous one.
(B) Natural gas is composed of hydrocarbon molecules that breaks apart into hydrogen and carbon atoms when heated.
天然氣由碳氫分子組成，受熱時分解成氫和碳原子。
主句主語：hydrocarbon molecules → 複數
從句動詞：breaks → 單數動詞，與複數主語不一致
正確應為：that break apart
(C) A dam stops the flow of water, creating a reservoir and raising the level of water.
水壩阻止水流，形成水庫並提高水位。
慣用語/片語：stops the flow of water（阻止水流）
creating a reservoir（形成水庫）
raising the level of water（提高水位）
The weir stops the flow of the river, creating a small pond.
堰阻止了河流，形成了一個小水池。
同義詞： block, obstruct反義詞： allow, release
正確使用 現在分詞作伴隨狀語（creating …, raising …）
分詞短語修飾主句的動作，語法正確且語意清楚
(D) Cartilage covers the ends of bones helps to protect the joints from wear and tear.
軟骨覆蓋在骨頭末端，有助於保護關節免於磨損。
缺少連接詞或標點，covers … bones 與 helps … 兩個動詞連在一起 → run-on sentence / missing conjunction
正確應為：Cartilage that covers the ends of bones helps to protect the joints from wear and tear.
20. _____ in transportation, medieval Europe would not have adopted monetary units of exchange and eliminated the process of bartering.
(A) If there are no improvements
(B) Had there been no improvements
(C) Were there no improvements
(D) If there hadn’t had improvements
【解析】
_____ in transportation, medieval Europe would not have adopted monetary units of exchange…
如果當時交通沒有改善，中世紀歐洲就不會採用貨幣制度。
這是在講「過去沒有發生的假設」，屬於與過去事實相反的假設（第三類條件句）
標準寫法（if 條件句）
與過去事實相反：
If + 主詞 + had + p.p., 主詞 + would have + p.p.
If there had been no improvements…
倒裝句（省略 if）
當把 if 省略 時，要倒裝：
if there had been → Had there been
Had there been no improvements…
(A) If there are no improvements
→ 現在式 （不符合過去假設）
(B) Had there been no improvements
→ 正確倒裝，符合「過去假設」
(C) Were there no improvements
→ 用於「現在或未來假設」
（應該搭配 would，不是 would have）
(D) If there hadn’t had improvements
→ 結構錯誤 （”had had” 不可這樣用在這裡）
類型 結構
現在假設 If + S + were, S + would + V
過去假設 If + S + had p.p., S + would have p.p.
If I were → Were I
If I had → Had I
21. _____ the increasing price for drugs, western chemists are experimenting with herbs used for many centuries in Asian medical practice.
(A) They confront with
(B) That they confront with
(C) The confrontation with
(D) Confronted with
【解析】面對藥價上漲，西方化學家正在嘗試使用亞洲傳統草藥。
文法重點：分詞構句
原句可還原為：
Because western chemists are confronted with the increasing price for drugs, they are experimenting…
省略主詞與 be 動詞後變成：
Confronted with the increasing price for drugs, western chemists are experimenting…
這裡使用過去分詞（confronted），表示被動語意（被迫面對）。
選項解析：
(A) They confront with
錯誤，confront 是及物動詞，不這樣搭配
(B) That they confront with
錯誤，結構不完整且用法不對
(C) The confrontation with
錯誤，名詞片語，無法接完整句
(D) Confronted with
正確，分詞構句，表示面對或遭遇
重點整理：
分詞構句常見形式
V-ing 表主動
p.p. 表被動
22. Not until the early 1800’s, when the value of field corn as grain and livestock feeding was recognized, _____.
(A) increasing acreage began
(B) its acreage began to increase
(C) did its acreage begin to increase
(D) with the beginning of increased acreage
【解析】句意：
直到19世紀初，人們才認識到田間玉米作為穀物和飼料的價值，其種植面積才開始增加。
文法重點：否定副詞開頭的倒裝句
Not until the early 1800’s…
是否定副詞片語，放在句首時，主句要倒裝。
原本正常語序應為：
Its acreage did not begin to increase until the early 1800’s…
當 Not until 提到句首時，要改為倒裝：
Not until… did + 主詞 + 原形動詞
所以變成：
Not until the early 1800’s… did its acreage begin to increase
選項解析：
(A) increasing acreage began
錯誤，沒有倒裝
(B) its acreage began to increase
錯誤，沒有倒裝
(C) did its acreage begin to increase
正確，符合倒裝規則（did + 主詞 + 原形動詞）
(D) with the beginning of increased acreage
錯誤，為片語，句子缺動詞
重點整理：
否定副詞（如 Not until, Never, Rarely, Seldom 等）放句首時
句子要倒裝：
助動詞 + 主詞 + 原形動詞
3. Biochemists use fireflies to study bioluminescence, _____
(A) the heartless light given off by certain plants and animals.
(B) certain plants and animals give off the heartless light.
(C) that certain plants and animals give off the heartless light.
(D) is the heartless light given off by certain plants and animals.
【解析】關鍵在逗號後面 → 用來「補充說明 bioluminescence 是什麼」
這種用法叫「同位語」，需要用「名詞片語」，不能用完整句。
選項分析：
(A) the heartless light given off by certain plants and animals.
→ 名詞片語
(B) certain plants and animals give off the heartless light.
→ 完整句（主詞 + 動詞）
(C) that certain plants and animals give off the heartless light.
→ that 子句，但前面沒有可接的結構
(D) is the heartless light given off by certain plants and animals.
→ 多一個動詞 is，句子結構錯
24. It is imperative that the dataset _____ verified prior to any inferential claims being disseminated.
(A) is
(B) be
(C) was
(D) being
【解析】It is imperative that + 子句」要用虛擬語氣→ 動詞用原形
因為句中需要被動語態（資料被驗證）→ be + 過去分詞（verified）
完整結構：
that the dataset be verified
其他選項錯誤原因：
(A) is → 一般現在式，不用在虛擬語氣
(C) was → 過去式
(D) being → 形式不對
The more meticulously one attempts to circumscribe every variable, _____ the likelihood that unanticipated contingencies will undermine the design.
(A) the less
(B) lesser
(C) less
(D) the least
【解析】這是「比較級對等句型」：
the + 比較級 …, the + 比較級 …
意思是：「越……，就越……」
前半句：
The more meticulously（越仔細地）
後半句也要用：
the + 比較級
(A) the less
→ the + 比較級（正確結構）
(B) lesser
→ 形容詞比較級，但不能單獨這樣用在句型中
(C) less
→ 少了 the，不符合句型
(D) the least
→ 最高級，不是比較級
正確句子：
The more meticulously …, the less the likelihood …
越仔細控制變數，反而越不可能被突發狀況破壞設計
The country has been paralyzed by the latest rail strike, with no rail services at all running today. The railway service has been problematic for some time, but if today’s action is prolonged, it may prove 26 to the rail industry. The Minister for Transport commented, “The country has been suffering from a 27 of local strikes since the first one in Nortown last month. It was 28 and one strike led to another.” Things reached 29 pitch last week and we can only hope that this “ 30 ” will come to an end soon. The minister’s expectation is that things will only start to improve once people recognize the seriousness of the situation.
26.(A) fatal(B) abrupt(C) stealthy(D) wily
27.(A) lapse(B) flyer(C) portfolio(D) rash
28.(A) incidental(B) intermittent(C) contagious(D) placid
29.(A) fever(B) ulcer(C) rigor(D) diarrhea
30.(A) deprivation(B) disease(C) prognosis(D) prospect
【解析】文章在描述鐵路罷工造成全國癱瘓，並用「疾病」做比喻（擴散、惡化）。
【第26題】
句型：prove + 形容詞（證明是…的）
句意：如果罷工持續，可能對鐵路業是致命的
選項中只有 fatal（致命的）符合負面語氣
答案：A fatal
【第27題】
句型：a + 名詞 + of
固定用法：a rash of = 一連串壞事的爆發
句意：一直在經歷一連串地方罷工
答案：D rash
【第28題】
關鍵句：one strike led to another（一個接一個）
表示「會擴散」→像會傳染
contagious = 有傳染性的
答案：C contagious
【第29題】
固定片語：reach fever pitch
意思：達到最高點／最緊張狀態
答案：A fever
【第30題】
整段都在用「疾病」比喻（rash, contagious, fever）
句意：希望這個「疾病」能結束
答案：B disease
a rash of = 一連串（壞事）
reach fever pitch = 達到最高點
disease（比喻）= 問題、亂象
Cholesterol only becomes a problem when you have too much of it and it starts to promote the production of a fatty substance that can 31 the arteries. Interruption of blood flow to a main heart vessel can cause a heart attack; a 32 blood vessel on the way to the brain could cause a stroke.
Some say that cholesterol-rich foods such as eggs and shellfish should be 33 from the diet, but these foods don’t significantly raise cholesterol levels. The cholesterol in them is broken down quite efficiently and then excreted, so they are fine to eat in 34 . Fiber produces substances that help to clear the blood of bad cholesterol and acts as a buffer, so less fat is brought into 35 with blood vessels and less is absorbed.
31.(A) clone(B) clog(C) cling(D) console
32.(A) terminated(B) veiled(C) repulsed(D) blocked
33.(A) banished(B) clarified(C) integrated(D) dissented
34.(A) harmony(B) inequality(C) moderation(D) excess
35.(A) detachment(B) field(C) tolerance(D) contact
【解析】這段在講膽固醇如何影響血管，並說明飲食與纖維的作用。
【第31題】
句意：脂肪物質會「堵住」動脈
clog = 堵塞（血管常用）✔
clone 複製
cling 黏附
console 安慰
答案：B clog
【第32題】
通往大腦的血管如果被「阻塞」，會中風
blocked = 被阻塞 ✔
terminated 終止
veiled 遮掩
repulsed 排斥
答案：D blocked
【第33題】
有人說高膽固醇食物應該被「禁止」
banish = 驅逐、排除 ✔
其他：
clarify 澄清
integrate 融入
dissent 反對
答案：A banished
【第34題】
其實可以吃，但要「適量」
in moderation = 適量
harmony 和諧
inequality 不平等
excess 過量（語意相反）
答案：C moderation
【第35題】
脂肪較少與血管「接觸」
contact = 接觸 ✔
detachment 分離
field 領域
tolerance 容忍
答案：D contact
clog the arteries = 阻塞動脈
be blocked = 被阻塞
banish from the diet = 從飲食中排除
in moderation = 適量
come into contact with = 與…接觸
A new Italian restaurant called Bella Roma has just opened in the High Street, and we went there the other night to try it. I couldn’t help comparing it to the Casa Italia, 36 we ate last week. In the Bella Roma, the service was impeccable and quick whereas at the Casa Italia it’s always a bit 37 . In the new place the waiters are 38 and friendly without being overbearing. In the other place they tend to be 39 and the service is rather quick and rude, 40 I find very off-putting. But at Bella Roma they’ll do everything possible to give you what you want.
36.(A) the one(B) which(C) where(D) in that
37.(A) sluggish(B) thriving(C) savory(D) pungent
38.(A) flourishing(B) momentary(C) divergent(D) courteous
39.(A) potent(B) sullen(C) nostalgic(D) plausible
40.(A) where(B) which(C) that(D) while
【解析】在比較兩家餐廳（Bella Roma vs Casa Italia）
→ 一家服務好，一家服務差
【第36題】
句子：Casa Italia, ___ we ate last week
👉 先行詞是「餐廳（地方）」，後面是完整子句
→ 用關係副詞 where = 在那裡
答案：C where
【第37題】
句意：那家店的服務總是有點「慢」
sluggish = 緩慢的
thriving 繁榮的
savory 美味的
pungent 刺鼻的
答案：A sluggish
【第38題】
句意：服務生有禮貌又友善
courteous = 有禮貌的
flourishing 興盛的
momentary 短暫的
divergent 分歧的
答案：D courteous
【第39題】
句意：另一家服務生常常「臉臭／不開心」
sullen = 陰沉、不友善
potent 強效的
nostalgic 懷舊的
plausible 看似合理的
答案：B sullen
【第40題】
句子：…, ___ I find very off-putting
這是「非限定關係子句」，指前面整件事
→ 用 which（不能用 that）
答案：B which
1. where = 修飾「地點」
→ the restaurant where we ate
2. which（非限定用法）
→ 逗號後補充說明整件事
→ …, which I find annoying
3. 固定搭配
sluggish service = 慢的服務
courteous staff = 有禮貌的員工
sullen attitude = 臉臭態度
Reading 1
Historians can trace the foundations of plastic surgery as far back as about 2600 years ago in ancient India where facial surgeries were carried out. The techniques were recorded in the early Hindu texts and were used primarily on soldiers injured during conflict.
The birth of cosmetic reconstructive surgery truly occurred many hundreds of years later and over the past ten years plastic surgery has become very popular with more and more people refusing to grow old gracefully. However, it is not limited to young women considering the fact that eating disorders are on the rise among young men; men and women alike are interested in cosmetic surgery and it even gains popularity in mainstream culture. It seems that people are no longer judged on their abilities alone but on their appearance and more and more people are choosing to go under the knife in an effort to shape themselves into an objective and arbitrary ideal beauty.
The image of beauty portrayed by the media is usually related to the adjectives, young, very slim, and most often white. Having a body weight of 15% below normal for one’s height, age and weight is considered ideal. In other words, people should be anorexic to meet the media’s image of beauty. The message is that only their imposed image of beauty is acceptable and those who are larger, shorter, thicker, or browner are not. This ideal image and weight, however, is unattainable for 99% of women. Ironically, most images of models appearing in magazines have been airbrushed to perfection to attain that “perfect” image of beauty.
Sadly, for many people, the quest for beauty has turned into an all-out obsession. Unsurprisingly, the newfound obsession is a convenient marketing tool because 99% of the female population is not satisfied with their appearance and therefore will be more likely to buy slimming products, cosmetics or turn to plastic surgery. The dieting industry makes an incredible $33 billion a year. The industry uses media to keep people thinking that they should maintain the slender or even skinny shape. This image of beauty is simply unattainable and the desire for it will never be met, so the demand for the industry will never decrease. And the very industries that profit from fueling inadequacy, a feeling of not being good enough, will continue to prosper.
41. The reference to “early Hindu texts” mainly serves to _____.
(A) imply that ancient India opposed medical innovation
(B) suggest that religion was the only reason surgery developed
(C) provide historical documentation for early surgical techniques
(D) argue that modern surgery is identical to ancient practices
42. The author’s discussion of eating disorders among young men is primarily used to _____.
(A) argue that plastic surgery is the main cause of eating disorders
(B) suggest that eating disorders are unrelated to media influence
(C) claim that men suffer more than women from beauty standards
(D) challenge the assumption that cosmetic concerns are limited to women
43. The statement “people are judged on their abilities alone” is presented to emphasize that _____.
(A) ability-based judgement is increasing due to education
(B) appearance and ability have always been equally important
(C) evaluation has shifted toward appearance-based standards
(D) abilities are no longer valued in any context
44. The claim that “15% below normal… is considered ideal” is used to highlight the author’s view that media standards _____.
(A) are mainly aimed at professional athletes
(B) have no effect on public behavior
(C) are medically recommended for longevity
(D) can encourage unhealthy extremes
45. The passage suggests the dieting industry’s profits persist largely because _____.
(A) most people meet the ideal quickly and then buy new products for fun
(B) government programs guarantee consumer spending on dieting
(C) the ideal is unattainable, so consumers keep purchasing solutions
(D) the industry depends mainly on medical emergencies for income
【解析】👉 媒體塑造不切實際的美 → 造成外貌焦慮 → 帶動整形與減肥產業賺錢
【第41題】
題目：提到 early Hindu texts 的作用？
第一段說：
技術被記錄在早期印度文獻中
👉 功能＝提供「歷史證據」
(A) 反對創新 (B) 宗教唯一原因 (C) 提供歷史紀錄 (D) 現代=古代
答案：C
【第42題】
題目：提到男性飲食失調的目的？
不只是女性，男性也有 → 男女都在意外貌
用來「打破只有女生在意外貌的想法」
(A) 整形造成飲食失調 (B) 與媒體無關 (C) 男性更嚴重(D) 不只女性
答案：D
【第43題】
句子：people are no longer judged on their abilities alone
關鍵：no longer（不再）
以前看能力 → 現在也看外表
(A) 能力評價增加 (B) 一直一樣 (C) 轉向外貌 (D) 完全不看能力 （太極端）
答案：C
【第44題】
15% below normal = 理想體重
作者在批評：這很不健康
→ 鼓勵過瘦（甚至像厭食症）
(A) 給運動員(B) 沒影響 (C) 醫學建議(D) 鼓勵不健康
答案：D
【第45題】
為什麼減肥產業一直賺錢？
理想「無法達到」→需求不會消失
關鍵：永遠達不到 → 一直買
(A) 很快達到 (B) 政府影響 (C) 無法達成(D) 靠醫療
答案：C
這篇是典型「批判型閱讀」：
1. 抓作者態度（負面）
→ media / beauty / industry = 批評
2. 找關鍵字
o no longer → 觀念改變
o unattainable → 無法達到
o obsession → 過度
3. 小心選項陷阱
o 太極端（always / only / none）通常錯
o 扭曲因果（因果顛倒）
In a woman’s life, one of the most important periods is called menopause. As a woman ages, her ovaries don’t make enough of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone, affecting her feelings about herself and other aspects of her life. Contrary to the previous misconceptions about menopause, today it is known that menopause is just a natural step in the process of aging. The word comes from the Greek mens, meaning monthly, and pausis, meaning cessation. When a woman’s ovaries do not produce adequate levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone, she is not able to become pregnant, but it is not a medical problem or illness. The average age for menopause is about 50, but it can happen any time after 40.
About ten years before menopause, many women experience a series of symptoms called pre-menopause symptoms. Pre-menopause shows the first signs of menopausal transition. It can begin as early as the mid-thirties and last till the forties. During the period, women usually experience sudden weight gain, fatigue, depression, migraine headaches, very heavy or light periods, etc. These symptoms are part of pre-menopause, caused by hormone imbalances, that is, an excess of the hormone estrogen and a deficiency of the hormone progesterone. If a woman does not have menstrual periods for 12 months without any obvious pathological or physiological cause, she is in menopause. There are also a variety of menopause symptoms, from few to moderate or severe symptoms depending on each individual such as weight gain, hot flashes, insomnia, fatigue, mood swings, and vaginal dryness. Research has shown that women’s experience of menopause varies depending on such factors as genetics, diet, lifestyle and social and cultural attitudes toward women.
46. In context, the phrase “affecting her feelings about herself and other aspects of her life” most strongly suggests that the hormonal change is presented as _____.
(A) narrowly biological and unrelated to wellbeing
(B) affecting only mood and nothing else
(C) multidimensional, extending beyond physiology to self-perception and daily functioning
(D) evidence that menopause is primarily psychological in origin
47. Which inference is most supported by the sentence “she is not able to become pregnant, but it is not a medical problem or illness”?
(A) Infertility is never distressing to women.
(B) Menopause should be treated only with medication.
(C) A major functional change can be non-pathological.
(D) Pregnancy after 40 is medically impossible.
48. In the second paragraph, “pre-menopause shows the first signs of menopausal transition” is best interpreted to mean that pre-menopause _____.
(A) is identical to menopause and begins once periods stop
(B) is an early phase within a broader transition toward menopause
(C) is defined solely by weight gain and migraines
(D) begins only in the forties and ends at age fifty
49. The phrase “without any obvious pathological or physiological cause” is most likely intended to ____.
(A) imply that menopause is purely psychological
(B) rule out alternative explanations for amenorrhea before defining menopause
(C) suggest that diagnostic criteria are unnecessary
(D) indicate that symptoms must be severe to confirm menopause
50. Which statement best captures the passage’s overall rhetorical purpose?
(A) To persuade readers that menopause is overrated and should be ignored
(B) To argue that menopause is primarily a modern social construction
(C) To clarify definitions and criteria while normalizing variation in experience
(D) To warn readers that menopause typically leads to severe long-term illness
【解析】女性一生中一個重要階段稱為「更年期（menopause）」。隨著年齡增長，卵巢分泌的女性荷爾蒙（雌激素與黃體素）減少，這不只影響身體，也會影響女性對自我的感受以及生活的其他層面。
過去人們對更年期有誤解，但現在知道它只是自然老化的一部分，而不是疾病。平均發生年齡約為50歲，但40歲後都可能出現。
在更年期前約10年，許多女性會經歷「停經前期（pre-menopause）」，這是過渡的早期階段，可能從30多歲開始，症狀包括體重增加、疲勞、憂鬱、偏頭痛、經期異常等，主要是荷爾蒙失衡造成。
如果女性連續12個月沒有月經，且沒有其他明顯疾病或生理原因，就可判定為更年期。更年期症狀因人而異，可能包括熱潮紅、失眠、情緒波動等，而經驗差異與基因、飲食、生活方式及文化觀念都有關。
46題意：「影響她對自己的感受以及生活其他層面」最強調什麼？
關鍵：不只是身體，還包含心理與生活層面
答案： (C)
多面向的影響，不只生理，也包含自我認知與日常生活
(A) 太狹隘（只生理） (B) 只情緒，不夠全面 (D) 說主要是心理起因，錯
47.「不能懷孕，但不是疾病」代表什麼？
重點：功能改變 ≠ 生病
答案： (C)
一種重要的功能改變可以不是疾病（非病理性）
(A) 過度推論(B) 文中沒提治療(D) 錯誤（40歲後仍可能懷孕）
48.「停經前期是過渡的第一個徵兆」代表什麼？
關鍵：它是過渡過程的一部分
答案： (B)
是邁向更年期的一個早期階段
(A) 說等同更年期，錯(C) 定義太狹隘(D) 時間描述錯
49.題意：「沒有明顯病理或生理原因」的用意？
關鍵：排除其他可能原因
答案： (B)
在定義更年期前，先排除其他停經原因
(A) 說純心理，錯 (C) 說不需診斷，錯(D) 與嚴重程度無關
50.**題意：**文章整體目的？
重點：解釋概念＋正常化差異 答案： (C)
說明定義與判斷標準，同時強調每人經驗不同是正常的
(A) 沒有要忽略(B) 沒說是社會建構 (D) 沒有警告嚴重疾病
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