When learning a second language, learners develop a unique language system which includes elements of their mother tongue. Which of the following terms describes this phenomenon?
(A) interlanguage (B) inner speech
(C) interlocution (D) intermodality A
【解析】當第二語言（L2）學習者在學習過程中，逐步建立起一套介於母語（L1）與目標語（L2）之間的獨特語言系統時，這種現象稱為 interlanguage（中介語）。
來自母語（L1）的影響
學習者對目標語（L2）規則的理解與假設
學習過程中的錯誤與過渡性結構
它是一個動態且發展性的語言階段，隨著學習的深入可能逐漸接近母語者的語言使用。
(B) inner speech（內在語言）：
指個體在思考或自我對話時的語言使用，與語言學習中形成的語言系統無關。
(C) interlocution（對話互動）：
指說話者之間的交流行為，不是語言系統的名稱。
(D) intermodality（跨模態）：
1. 指跨越不同表達模式（如文字、圖像、手勢等）的溝通方式，與語言學習者的語言系統無關。學生閱讀繪本時，同時理解文字敘述 + 圖像訊息 → 這就是跨模態理解。
2. 課堂中老師講解（語音）、板書（文字）、輔以圖片與手勢 → 學生需整合多種模態資訊。
3. 在設計教材時，教師同時使用影片、文字說明、互動圖表 → 屬於跨模態教學設計。
Which of the following best characterizes CLIL methodology?
(A) Emphasizing isolated grammar drills over content learning.
(B) Teaching non-language subjects through a foreign language.
(C) Avoiding authentic materials in both language and content lessons.
(D) Prioritizing language accuracy above subject-matter understanding. B
【解析】CLIL（Content and Language Integrated Learning，內容與語言整合學習） 是一種同時關注內容學習（content learning） 與語言學習（language learning） 的教學法。
在 CLIL 課程中，學生透過外語（或第二語言）來學習非語言科目（例如用英語學習科學、歷史、地理等）。
這種方法的核心理念是：
學生在真實、有意義的內容學習情境中自然習得語言。
教師同時關注「4Cs」：
Content（內容）、Communication（溝通）、Cognition（思維）、Culture（文化）。
(A) “Emphasizing isolated grammar drills over content learning”
→ 與 CLIL 的理念相反，CLIL 不強調單純的語法操練，而是將語言學習融入真實內容。
(C) “Avoiding authentic materials”
→ CLIL 鼓勵使用真實素材（authentic materials），以促進語言與內容的自然結合。
(D) “Prioritizing language accuracy above subject-matter understanding”
→ CLIL 強調語言與內容並重，並非只追求語言正確性。
The theory, though still __________, offers a promising framework for understanding the interaction between digital identity and social behavior.
(A) inevitable(B) inchoate(C) infrequent(D) ingenious B
【解析】「這個理論雖然仍然________，但為理解數位身份與社會行為的互動提供了一個有前景的框架。」
(A) inevitable 不可避免的。
inevitable outcome (不可避免的結果)inevitable consequence (必然的後果)
The economic collapse seemed inevitable after months of mismanagement. （經濟崩潰在數月的管理不善後似乎是不可避免的。）
同義詞/反義詞： unavoidable, certain；avoidable, preventable
(B) inchoate 剛開始的、未成熟的。
inchoate idea (初步的想法) inchoate organization (初創組織)
The inchoate theory showed promise, even though it required further research. （這個初步的理論顯示出潛力，即使還需要進一步研究。）
同義詞/反義詞：nascent, rudimentary, undeveloped；mature, fully developed
(C) infrequent 不常見的。
infrequent visits (不常拜訪) infrequent occurrences (罕見事件)
Lightning strikes are infrequent in this region.
（閃電在這個地區很少發生。）
同義詞/反義詞： rare, uncommon；frequent, common
(D) ingenious 巧妙的、聰明的。
ingenious solution (巧妙的解決方案) ingenious design (聰明的設計)
She devised an ingenious way to reduce costs without affecting quality.
（她想出一個巧妙的方法，在不影響品質的前提下降低成本。）
同義詞/反義詞： clever, brilliant；clumsy, inept
Algorithms flagged insider trading risk when current stock purchases mirrored a prior__________ of trades before the last earnings leak.
(A) prelude
(B) prologue
(C) antecedent
(D) subsequence C
【解析】當前股票的購買行為與上次財報洩漏前的先前交易相似時，演算法偵測出內線交易的風險。
(A) prelude 前奏、序幕、前兆。
prelude to war (戰爭的前奏)prelude to a speech (演講的前奏)
The unusual trades were seen as a prelude to the company’s earnings leak. （這些異常交易被視為公司財報洩漏的前奏。）
同義詞/反義詞： introduction, forerunner；conclusion, aftermath
(B) prologue 序言、開場白。
prologue of a book (書的序言)
prologue to a play (戲劇的序幕)
The prologue explained the historical context of the novel. （序言說明了小說的歷史背景。）
同義詞/反義詞： introduction, foreword；epilogue, conclusion
(C) antecedent 先例、前情、前事。
antecedent events (先前事件)
antecedent conditions (前置條件)
The current purchases mirrored a prior antecedent of suspicious trades. （當前的購買與先前的可疑交易先例相似。）
同義詞/反義詞： precursor, forerunner, predecessor；consequence, result
(D) subsequence 隨後發生的事件、後續。
subsequent developments (隨後的發展) subsequent trades (隨後交易)
Subsequent trades confirmed the market’s reaction.
（隨後的交易確認了市場的反應。）
同義詞/反義詞： following, later；preceding, prior
A. prelude 前奏、序幕 (n.)
prelude to war（戰爭的序幕）
musical prelude（音樂前奏）
prelude to disaster（災難的前兆）
B. prologue 序言、開場白 (n.)
book prologue（書本序言）
dramatic prologue（戲劇開場白）
prologue to events（事件的開端）
C. antecedent 前情、先前事件 (n.) （正確答案）
antecedent events（先前事件）
historical antecedent（歷史前例）
antecedent behavior（先前行為）
D. subsequence 隨後發生的事 (n.)
subsequence of events（後續事件）
subsequence analysis（後續分析）
subsequence patterns（後續模式）
Base planners must allow for playgrounds and clinics because the complex ____ married and single soldiers and their families.
(A) house (B) houses (C) housing (D) to house B
【解析】基地規劃人員必須預留遊樂場和診所的空間，因為這個設施容納已婚與單身的士兵及其家人。
主詞：the complex → 單數
句意：the complex 的功能是「提供住宿」給士兵及家人
“the complex” 指的是一個建築群或設施綜合體，通常是包含住宅、公共空間、服務設施等的地方。
housing complex → 住宅區或公寓大樓群
military complex → 軍事基地或設施群
shopping complex → 商業綜合體
動詞形式：因為主詞是單數，所以動詞要用 單數第三人稱形式，也就是 houses
A. house 容納、提供住所 (v.)（動詞原形）
house refugees（容納難民）house students（提供學生住宿）
house equipment（存放設備）
B. houses 容納、提供住所 (v.)（動詞第三人稱單數）（正確答案）
the building houses offices（這棟大樓內有辦公室）
the center houses many exhibits（這個中心展示許多展品）
the facility houses families（設施內有家庭居住）
C. housing 住房、住宅（n.）
affordable housing（可負擔住宅）
public housing（公營住宅）
student housing（學生宿舍）
D. to house 去容納、安置（不定詞）
plan to house refugees（計劃安置難民）
need to house equipment（需要存放設備）
built to house workers（建來安置工人）
__________ the handouts provided by the speaker are the presentation slides, sample worksheets, and a feedback form.
(A) Included for
(B) Include
(C) Included in
(D) Including C
【解析】「講者提供的講義中__________有簡報投影片、範例作業表和回饋表。」
空格後面接 the handouts … are … → 語法結構是被動語態的主詞說明，空格應填入表示「包含在…中」的短語。
(A) Included for 為…而包含。
Snacks included for the participants were sandwiches and fruit.
（為參與者提供的點心包括三明治和水果。）
同義詞/反義詞： provided for, offered to；excluded from
(B) Include 動詞原形或第三人稱複數。
The handouts include slides, worksheets, and a feedback form.
（講義包括簡報、作業表和回饋表。）
同義詞/反義詞： contain, comprise；exclude
(C) Included in 被包含在…中。
Included in the handouts provided by the speaker are the presentation slides, sample worksheets, and a feedback form.
（講者提供的講義中包含簡報投影片、範例作業表和回饋表。）
同義詞/反義詞： contained in, part of；excluded from
(D) Including 包含…
Including the handouts, the event materials were distributed to all participants. （包含講義在內，活動資料已發給所有參加者。）
The researchers were able to __________ a complex longitudinal study despite significant logistical and funding challenges.
(A) get by(B) pull off(C) pull through(D) take in B
【解析】「儘管面臨重大的後勤和資金挑戰，研究人員仍然能夠__________一項複雜的縱向研究。」
“were able to … despite challenges” → 空格應填入表示成功完成、達成困難任務的片語動詞。
(A) get by 勉強過活、應付。
She can get by with her basic French skills in Paris.
（她在巴黎靠基本法語勉強應付。）
同義詞/反義詞： manage, cope；fail, struggle
(B) pull off 成功完成（困難的事）。
The team pulled off a remarkable victory despite being underdogs. （這支隊伍儘管不被看好，仍成功取得了令人讚嘆的勝利。）
同義詞/反義詞： accomplish, succeed；fail, botch
(C) pull through 渡過（危機或病痛），康復。
He pulled through after a serious illness. （他在重病後康復。）
同義詞/反義詞： survive, recover；succumb, fail
(D) take in 理解、吸收、接納。
It’s hard to take in all the information at once.
（一次吸收所有資訊很困難。）
同義詞/反義詞： comprehend, absorb；ignore, overlook
The findings reveal that, 71 cognitive styles and disciplinary paradigms, participants tend to prioritize divergent objectives.
(A) in terms of
(B) by means of
(C) in retrospect to
(D) in reference to A
【解析】研究結果顯示，就認知風格與學科範式而言，參與者傾向於優先考慮不同的目標。
(A) in terms of — 就……而言、從……角度來看
意思：with regard to; concerning; in the aspect of
The project was successful in terms of efficiency and cost.
（就效率與成本而言，這個專案是成功的。）
同義詞：regarding, concerning, with respect to
語意分析：句子討論研究發現時，是以「認知風格與學科範式」為比較或觀察角度。
(B) by means of 透過、藉由using something as a method or tool
They solved the problem by means of careful analysis.
（他們藉由仔細分析解決了問題。）
同義詞：through, by using 反義詞：without, excluding
(C) in retrospect to — （錯誤用法）
意思：「in retrospect」意為「回顧過去」，但後面不接 to。
In retrospect, we should have prepared more carefully.
（回顧過去，我們應該準備得更充分。）
同義詞：looking back, after reflection
反義詞：looking ahead
(D) in reference to — 關於、涉及regarding; in relation to
He made several remarks in reference to the company’s policy.
（他提到了幾項與公司政策有關的評論。）反義詞：without regard to
Such a tendency can 72 overall team cohesion, weakening collective performance.
(A) shed light on
(B) wield influence over
(C) assert dominance in
(D) play havoc with D
【解析】這種傾向可能會___整體團隊的凝聚力，削弱集體表現。
(A) shed light on — 闡明、使明白
to clarify or make something easier to understand
The research sheds light on the causes of climate change.
（這項研究闡明了氣候變遷的成因。）
同義詞：clarify, explain, illuminate
反義詞：obscure, confuse
(B) wield influence over — 對……施加影響
to have and use influence, power, or control over someone or something
Senior managers wield considerable influence over company policy.
（高層主管對公司政策有相當大的影響力。）
同義詞：exercise control over, have power over
反義詞：be subject to, obey
(C) assert dominance in — 在……中展現支配地位
to show or establish control or authority in a certain area
The alpha male asserted dominance in the group.
（領導者在團體中展現了支配地位。）
同義詞：dominate, control反義詞：submit, yield
(D) play havoc with — 擾亂、破壞
to cause serious damage or confusion; to disrupt
The storm played havoc with flight schedules.
（暴風雨擾亂了航班時刻。）
同義詞：disrupt, damage, mess up
反義詞：stabilize, organize
The finding also discloses that, as far as task efficiency 73 , homogenous groups perform more consistently than their heterogeneous counterparts, although the latter occasionally yield innovative outcomes.
(A) is conducted
(B) is related
(C) is concerned
(D) is extended C
【解析】研究結果還顯示，就任務效率而言，同質性團隊表現得更一致，儘管異質性團隊有時會產生創新成果。
(A) is conducted — 被執行、被實施
o carry out; to perform an activity or process
The experiment was conducted under strict supervision.
（實驗在嚴格監督下進行。）
同義詞：carried out, performed反義詞：abandoned, neglected
(B) is related — 有關、相關to be connected or associated with something
His illness is related to stress at work.（他的病與工作壓力有關。）
同義詞：connected, associated反義詞：unrelated, disconnected
(C) is concerned — 就……而言、在……方面
意思：used in the idiom as far as … is concerned, meaning “with regard to” or “as for”
As far as cost is concerned, this plan is not feasible.
（就成本而言，這個方案不可行。）
同義詞：regarding, with respect to, in terms of
(D) is extended — 被延伸、被擴展to be stretched or made longer
The deadline was extended by two weeks.（截止日期被延長了兩週。）
同義詞：expanded, prolonged 反義詞：shortened, reduced
Interestingly, trust and mutual respect—traits commonly associated with effective collaboration—are 74 exclusive predictors of success.
(A) neither sufficient nor
(B) either sufficient or
(C) both sufficient and
(D) sufficient as well as A
【解析】有趣的是，信任與相互尊重——這些通常與有效合作相關的特質——既不是充分的，也不是唯一的成功預測因素。
(A) neither sufficient nor — 既不……也不……
used to deny both parts; not one and not the other
Money and fame are neither sufficient nor necessary for happiness.
（金錢與名聲既不是幸福的充分條件，也不是必要條件。）
(B) either sufficient or — 不是……就是……
used to express a choice between two alternatives
You can have either coffee or tea.（你可以喝咖啡或茶。）
(C) both sufficient and — 既……又……
used to emphasize that two qualities apply simultaneously
Her explanation was both clear and convincing.
（她的解釋既清楚又有說服力。
(D) sufficient as well as — 充分的以及……
the phrase is grammatically awkward; “as well as” means “in addition to,” but combining it with “sufficient” is unidiomatic。
He is talented as well as hardworking.（他既有天賦又勤奮。）
Teams that exhibit synchronized communication patterns 75 adaptive conflict-resolution strategies perform on par with more technically proficient teams.
(A) in alliance with (B) in tandem with
(C) in conformity with (D) in collaboration with B
【解析】展現同步溝通模式並配合具適應性的衝突解決策略的團隊，其表現與技術更高超的團隊相當。
(A) in alliance with — 與……結盟、聯合
working together for a common purpose, often used in political or strategic contexts
The two countries acted in alliance with each other during the crisis.
（兩國在危機期間互相結盟行動。）
同義詞：in partnership with, allied with反義詞：in opposition to
(B) in tandem with — 與……同時進行、協同運作
together with; at the same time as; working in coordination
The marketing campaign was launched in tandem with the new product release.（行銷活動與新產品發表同步進行。）
同義詞：together with, in conjunction with
反義詞：independently of, separately from
語意分析：句子要表達「同步溝通模式」與「適應性衝突解決策略」同時運作、互相配合，這正是「in tandem with」的意思，語意非常貼切自然。
(C) in conformity with — 符合、遵從
acting according to rules, standards, or norms
The design was made in conformity with safety regulations.
（設計依據安全規範進行。）
同義詞：in compliance with, in accordance with
反義詞：in violation of, contrary to
(D) in collaboration with — 與……合作
working jointly with someone or some group
The project was completed in collaboration with several universities.
（這項專案與多所大學合作完成。）
同義詞：together with, jointly with反義詞：alone, independently
For instance, the negative Hawthorne effect can 78 patients who seem fully relaxed evaluating their pain intensity at 11 on a 10-pont Scale.
(A) in essence (B) in response (C) in contrast (D) in theory C
【解析】例如，負面的霍桑效應可能會使看起來完全放鬆的病人將他們的疼痛強度評為 10 分量表上的 11 分。
（句意是：霍桑效應的負面影響可能導致患者在被觀察時誇大反應，儘管表面上看起來放鬆。）
(A) in essence — 本質上、基本上basically; fundamentally; at the core
In essence, the plan aims to reduce costs.
（基本上，這個計畫的目的是降低成本。）
同義詞：essentially, fundamentally 反義詞：superficially
(B) in response — 作為回應、因應 as a reaction to something
The body releases adrenaline in response to stress.
（身體會因壓力而釋放腎上腺素。）
同義詞：as a reaction to, reacting to 反義詞：regardless of, ignoring
(C) in contrast — 相反地used to show difference between two things
In contrast to his brother, he is very quiet.
（與他兄弟相反，他非常安靜。）
同義詞：on the contrary, conversely 反義詞：similarly, likewise
(D) in theory — 理論上
according to what is supposed or expected, but not necessarily true in practice
In theory, this approach should work.（理論上，這個方法應該可行。）
同義詞：theoretically 反義詞：in practice, in reality
Another is concern about 79 meet criteria for receiving a new treatment or being included in a therapeutic trial.
(A) adapting to (B) adhering to (C) succumbing to (D) failing to D
【解析】另一個擔憂是關於___符合接受新療法或被納入臨床試驗的標準。（句意是：人們擔心「無法符合標準」或「不符合資格」。）
(A) adapting to — 適應於
to adjust or become accustomed to new conditions
Patients need time to adapt to a new lifestyle after surgery.
（病人在手術後需要時間來適應新的生活方式。）
同義詞：adjusting to, accommodating to反義詞：resisting, rejecting
(B) adhering to — 遵守、堅持
to follow or stick to rules, beliefs, or standards
All participants must adhere to the study protocol.
（所有參與者都必須遵守研究規範。）
同義詞：complying with, obeying反義詞：violating, disobeying
(C) succumbing to — 屈服於、因……而死
to give way to a stronger force; to yield or die from something
He succumbed to his illness after a long struggle.
（他在長期抗病後因病去世。）
同義詞：yielding to, giving in to 反義詞：resisting, overcoming
(D) failing to — 未能、沒有做到 not succeeding in doing something
He was disqualified for failing to meet the requirements.
（他因未能符合要求而被取消資格。）
同義詞：being unable to, not managing to
反義詞：succeeding in, managing to
語意分析：「failing to meet criteria」是非常常見的固定搭配，意思是「未能達到標準」或「不符合資格」。
80 related to cultural factors or to circumstances also plays a role. For example, a patient may avoid reporting improvement to prevent the cancelation of a scheduled surgical procedure, a hesitation that may be further reinforced by societal expectations or familiar pressure discouraging deviations from prescribed medical decisions.
(A) Conformism (B) Criticism (C) Dogmatism (D) Altruism A
【解析】與文化因素或環境情境相關的___也起作用。例如，患者可能會避免報告病情改善，以防手術被取消，而這種猶豫可能會因社會期望或熟人壓力而進一步強化，從而阻止偏離醫囑的行為。
(A) Conformism — 循規蹈矩、從眾
the tendency to align one’s behavior or beliefs with those of a group or societal norms
Conformism can discourage innovation in highly regulated workplaces.
（從眾心理可能抑制高度規範化工作環境的創新。）
同義詞：conformity, compliance, obedience
反義詞：nonconformity, individuality
句子描述「患者因社會期望或熟人壓力而不敢偏離醫囑」，這正是 從眾（conformism） 的典型例子，語意完全吻合。
(B) Criticism — 批評 the expression of disapproval or judgment
The proposal received heavy criticism from experts.
（該提案受到專家的嚴厲批評。）
(C) Dogmatism — 教條主義、固執己見
the tendency to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true, without consideration of evidence or others’ opinions
Dogmatism in medicine can prevent new treatments from being adopted.
（醫學上的教條主義可能阻礙新療法的採用。）
(D) Altruism — 利他主義selfless concern for the well-being of others
Her altruism led her to volunteer at the shelter every weekend.
（她的利他心使她每週都去收容所做志願服務。）
- 114桃園國中英文教師甄試試題詳解
- 114台南國中英文教甄試題詳解
- 114高雄國中英文教甄試題詳解
- 114台北市國中英文教甄試題
- 114 中區國中英文試題
- 113新北市國中英文教甄試題
- 113 桃園國中教甄英文試題解析
- 113 新竹市國中四校教師聯合甄選英文試題
- 英文片語試題總整理
- 114 民航特種考試國考三等各類科英文試題
- 114文藻國小英文片語試題
- 114 高雄市高中教師甄選英文科試題詳解
- 114 國立嘉義女子高中英文科教甄試題
- 114臺北市立育成高級中學教師甄選試題
- 114 基隆市市立中山、安樂、八斗高級中學教師甄選試題
- 114新北市高中教師聯招英文題目詳解
- 114 國立嘉科實驗國中部教師甄選試題
- 114國立嘉義高級中學教師甄選試題英文科
- 114 國立中興大學附屬高中教師甄試試題
- 114 桃園市立平鎮高中教甄試題英文科
- 114 國立彰化高中教師甄選試題英文科