英文完成式分詞構句試題

作者:

完成式分詞構句試題

The scientist, ______ several decades in marine biology, published a groundbreaking paper on deep-sea ecosystems. (114高雄醫大轉系考英文11題)

(A) had spent(B) having spent(C) that spent(D) spending

【解析】這句話的意思是：那位科學家花了數十年時間研究海洋生物學，然後發表了一篇突破性的論文。

(A) had spent子句中不能單獨用過去完成式這樣插入，會造成文法錯誤。

(B) having spent 分詞片語（having + p.p.）可以修飾主詞「the scientist」，說明他在發表論文之前做過的事。

(C) that spent「that spent…」是關係子句，但這裡用了逗號（非限定用法），應該用 who 或 which。

(D) spending

•       分詞結構可以用，但通常表示同時進行的動作。

•       「spending several decades」表示他正在花時間研究，和他已經發表論文的動作時間點不一致。你說：

結構與語法解析

1. “having + 過去分詞 (p.p.)” 是什麼？

這是一種 完成式分詞結構（perfect participle），常用來表達：

時間先後關係：先發生的動作用 having + p.p

類似例句：

1.     Having finished his homework, Tom went out to play.

　→ 他做完功課後，才去玩。

2.     The author, having traveled the world, wrote a book about global cultures.

　→ 那位作家曾環遊世界，所以寫了一本關於全球文化的書。

練習 1：

原始資訊：

•       主句：She received a scholarship.

•       背景：She had studied very hard for years.

→ 請用 “having + p.p.” 合併成一個句子。

 Having studied very hard for years, she received a scholarship.

→ 她多年來認真學習，因此獲得了獎學金。

 練習 2：

原始資訊：

•       主句：The engineer designed a new robot.

•       背景：He had worked on similar projects before.

Having worked on similar projects, the engineer designed a new robot.

•       Having worked on similar projects → 完成式分詞，表示背景或經驗，先於主句的動作。

•       the engineer designed a new robot → 主句，表示主動作

「因為他過去有類似經驗，所以他設計出了一個新機器人。」

原始句：

•       主句：They launched the product successfully.

•       背景：They had conducted market research.

Having conducted market research, they launched the product successfully.

結構解析：

•       Having conducted market research

→ 完成式分詞片語，表示「事先做過市場調查」的動作

•       they launched the product successfully

→ 主句，表示「成功發表產品」的動作

「因為他們做了市場調查，所以產品發表很成功。」

（時間與因果關係都表達得很好）

原始資訊：

•       主句：The students passed the final exam.

•       背景：They had reviewed all the materials thoroughly.

Having reviewed all the materials thoroughly, the students passed the final exam.

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