114 桃園市立平鎮高中教甄試題英文科

Framing the interventions of foreign technocrats as not merely ineffective but actively harmful, she described their influence on the nation’s crises in unmistakably ______ terms, insisting that renewed dependence on their expertise would be both ill-advised and injurious.

(A) laudatory

(B) pejorative

(C) exculpatory

(D) equivocal  B

【解析】譯:她將外國技術官僚的介入描述為不僅無效,甚至有害,並以毫不含糊、明確的 ______ 用語形容他們對國家危機的影響,堅稱再次依賴他們的專業既不明智也有害。

句子語氣:ineffective(無效)harmful(有害)ill-advised(不明智)

injurious(有害)→ 整段都在批評,因此空格必為負面、貶義。

2. 關鍵詞 clue:unmistakably ____ terms

unmistakably = 「明確地,毫不含糊地」terms = 用語、措辭

→ 指明確的負面語言 → pejorative

3. 四個選項詞性一致(形容詞)但語意差別大

laudatory = 正面pejorative = 貶義(符合文意)

exculpatory = 辯解,使人脫罪

equivocal = 含糊的(與 unmistakably 衝突)

(A) laudatory讚美的、頌揚的

laudatory remarks(讚美的話)laudatory review(正面評價)

The critic wrote a laudatory review of the film.

評論家寫了對這部電影的讚美評論。

同義詞praiseful, commendatory, admiring

反義詞pejorative, critical, disparaging

(B) pejorative貶義的、貶低的、批評性的

pejorative term(貶義詞)pejorative label(帶有貶義的稱呼)

He used pejorative terms to criticize their policy.

他使用貶義詞語批評他們的政策。

同義詞disparaging, derogatory, negative, belittling

反義詞laudatory, complimentary, approving

(C) exculpatory開脫的;使人脫罪的;為某人辯解的

exculpatory evidence(開脫罪責的證據)

exculpatory statement(辯解性的聲明)

The lawyer searched for exculpatory evidence.

律師尋找可使客戶脫罪的證據。

同義詞vindicating, absolving

反義詞inculpatory(定罪的),blaming

(D) equivocal模稜兩可的;含糊其辭的;可多種解釋的

equivocal answer(含糊的回答)equivocal statement(模糊不清的聲明)

His equivocal response raised doubts.

他含糊的回答引起了疑問。

同義詞ambiguous, vague, unclear

反義詞explicit, clear, unequivocal       

While the scientist was widely praised for her pioneering research, some critics argued that her tendency to ______ data that contradicted her hypotheses undermined the integrity of her conclusions.

(A) extrapolate (B) scrutinize(C) conceal(D) disseminate     C

【解析】儘管這名科學家因其開創性研究而備受讚譽,但一些批評者指出,她傾向於 ______ 與自己假設相矛盾的數據,這種做法削弱了其結論的可信度。

contradicted her hypotheses→ 表示數據「不利於她的理論」

undermined the integrity of her conclusions

→ 意味著她做了有損科學誠信的事

3. 四個選項語義判斷

extrapolate(推斷)→ 無關scrutinize(詳查)→ 正面,不符合

conceal(隱瞞)→ disseminate(散播)→ 相反方向

(A) extrapolate推斷、外推(由已知資料推測未知數據)

extrapolate from data(從資料推斷)extrapolate trends(外推趨勢)

Scientists often extrapolate future climate patterns from historical data.

科學家常從歷史資料推測未來的氣候模式。

同義詞infer, project反義詞ignore, withhold

(B) scrutinize仔細檢查、詳查

scrutinize data(仔細檢查數據)scrutinize a report(審查報告)The committee scrutinized every detail of the proposal.

委員會詳查了提案的每一個細節。

同義詞examine, inspect, analyze反義詞overlook, ignore

(C) conceal隱瞞、掩蓋、藏匿

conceal information(隱瞞資訊)conceal evidence(掩蓋證據)

conceal the truth(隱藏真相)

He was accused of concealing important data from the report.

他被指控在報告中掩蓋重要資料。

同義詞hide, suppress, cover up, obscure

反義詞reveal, disclose, expose

(D) disseminate散播、傳播(資訊、知識)

disseminate findings(傳播研究結果)

disseminate information(散布資訊)

The organization works to disseminate health information.

這個組織致力於傳播健康資訊。

同義詞spread, distribute, circulate

反義詞conceal, withhold     

After enduring twelve years of wrongful incarceration on spurious charges of treason, Alfred Dreyfus was ultimately ______, bringing a semblance of closure to one of France’s most polarizing political debacles.

(A) exonerated(B) incarcerated(C) repudiated(D) abrogated A

【解析】在因捏造的叛國罪名而遭受十二年的冤獄後,阿爾弗雷德・德雷福斯最終被 ______,為法國最具分裂性的政治災難之一帶來一絲了結。→ 文意顯示他後來「被平反」或「被還清罪名」。

1. 關鍵語境詞:wrongful incarceration(冤獄)

2. Dreyfus Affair → 歷史上確實後來「被平反」

(A) exonerated被免罪、被證明清白、被平反

be exonerated from a crime(從罪名中被平反)

exonerating evidence(能證明清白的證據)

to exonerate someone(為某人平反)

He was exonerated after new evidence proved his innocence.

在新證據證明他的清白後,他被平反了。

同義詞absolved, vindicated, cleared

反義詞convicted, accused, blamed

(B) incarcerated被監禁、被囚禁

be incarcerated for + time(被監禁……時間)

incarcerate criminals(監禁罪犯)

He was incarcerated for five years.他被監禁了五年。

同義詞imprisoned, jailed反義詞released, freed

(C) repudiated被拒絕、被否認、被駁斥;(也可指)斷絕關係

repudiate an accusation(駁斥指控)repudiate an idea(否定某觀念)

She repudiated the allegations immediately.

她立即駁斥了這些指控。

同義詞reject, deny反義詞accept, affirm

(D) abrogated被廢除、被撤銷(法律、協議)

abrogate a treaty(廢止條約)abrogate a law(廢除法律)

The outdated regulation was finally abrogated.

這項過時的法規終於被廢除。

同義詞abolished, annulled反義詞established, enacted     

Despite having been reared in an environment indistinct in both nurture and nature — sharing not only genetic constitution but also formative experiences — the twins exhibited a stark psychological divergence under duress: one consistently embodied imperturbable composure, whereas the other betrayed a proclivity for impulsive ire, emblematic of a deeply ingrained choleric ______.

(A) physiognomy (B) genotype (C) countenance (D) temperament    

【解析】儘管在教養與天性皆無差異的環境中成長——不僅基因組成相同,成長經驗也一致——這對雙胞胎在壓力下卻展現出顯著的心理差異:一位始終保持沉著冷靜,而另一位則表現出衝動易怒的傾向,顯示出根深蒂固的膽汁質(易怒型)______。

語境:

choleric =「易怒的」→ 描述人格特質 → 所以答案應為 temperament(氣質、性情)

文意與語境筆記

1. choleric = 易怒的(四體液說中的膽汁質)

常用來描述人格氣質,不描述外表或基因,所以 physiognomy / genotype / countenance 都不合。

2. 句子對比結構

•       one = imperturbable composure(極度冷靜)

•       the other = impulsive ire(衝動易怒)

3. temperament 是四體液性格學的核心概念

四體液氣質:

•       choleric(膽汁質,易怒、衝動)

•       sanguine(血液質,樂觀)

•       melancholic(憂鬱質)

•       phlegmatic(黏液質,冷靜)

(A) physiognomy相貌、面相、容貌;從外貌判讀性格的學問

human physiognomy(人的相貌)physiognomic features(臉部特徵)

Some believed that a person’s physiognomy could reveal their character.

有些人認為一個人的面相可透露其性格。

同義詞facial features, visage

(B) genotype基因型、遺傳組成

identical genotype(相同基因型)genotype analysis(基因型分析)

Twins often share the same genotype but differ in phenotype.

雙胞胎常有相同基因型,但表現型不同。

(C) countenance面容、表情;(v.) 支持

a stern countenance(嚴肅的表情)

maintain a calm countenance(維持冷靜的表情)

Her serene countenance hid her anxiety.她平靜的表情隱藏了焦慮。

同義詞expression, visage

(D) temperament氣質、性情、性格特質

choleric temperament(膽汁質、易怒性格)

even temperament(平和的性情)

artistic temperament(藝術家個性)

He has a fiery temperament that often leads to conflict.

他有容易激動的性格,常導致衝突。

同義詞disposition, personality, nature, character

反義詞equanimity, calmness, composure(較語意對比)

In stark contrast to the understated authenticity that defined her early career—when she appeared to dissolve effortlessly into each role—the performances of her later years bore a conspicuous ______, betraying a selfconscious artistry that seemed more concerned with demonstrating her prowess than embodying the character.

(A) decrepitude (B) loathsomeness(C) volatility(D) affectation   D

【解析】與她早期自然真實、彷彿能輕鬆融入角色的表演風格形成鮮明對比的是,她晚年的表演帶有明顯的 ______,透露出一種自我意識過強的表演方式——似乎更在意展現技巧,而非詮釋角色本身。

•       “understated authenticity”(低調且真實)

•       “self-conscious artistry”(自我意識過強的做作藝術性)

•       “more concerned with demonstrating her prowess than embodying the character”(想展示技巧,而非融入角色)

→ 整句描述了一種「做作、不自然」的表演方式,因此最符合語意的字是 affectation(矯揉造作、做作)。

(A) decrepitude衰老、衰弱(指老化、體能或結構衰敗)

The building had fallen into decrepitude after decades of neglect.

同義詞:frailty, deterioration

(B) loathsomeness令人厭惡、噁心的性質

The villain’s loathsomeness was evident in every act.

同義詞:repulsiveness, abhorrence

(C) volatility易變、反覆無常、不穩定

Market volatility increased during the economic crisis.

同義詞:instability, unpredictability

(D) affectation矯揉造作、做作、刻意的言行或風格

His accent seemed like an affectation rather than something natural.

同義詞:artificiality, pretension

反義詞:authenticity, genuineness       

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