114 臺北市立永春高中教師甄選試題英文科

While the new legislation was promoted as a progressive step toward SDG 13 (Climate Action), a closer analysis showed it would _____ polluters from legal responsibility.

(A) redress (B) absolve(C) legitimize(D) relinquish     B

「雖然這項新立法被宣傳為邁向 SDG 13(氣候行動)的進步一步,但更深入的分析顯示,它將會_____污染者的法律責任。」

句中轉折詞 While 與 a closer analysis showed 顯示

表面上是進步,實際效果卻相反——讓污染者免於法律責任,因此應填入「免除、開脫責任」之意。

(B) absolve 免除(責任、罪責);赦免

absolve sb from responsibility(免除某人的責任)

absolve sb of blame(免除某人的過錯)

The new law would absolve corporations from environmental liability.

這項新法律將使企業免於環境責任。

同義詞: exonerate, forgive, pardon

反義詞: blame, accuse, hold accountable

(A) redress 糾正;補救;賠償(不公或損害)

seek redress(尋求補救/申訴)

redress an injustice(糾正不公)

The court ordered compensation to redress the environmental damage.

法院下令賠償以補救環境損害。

同義詞: remedy, rectify, compensate

反義詞: worsen, aggravate, ignore

(C) legitimize 使合法化;使正當化

legitimize an action(使某行為合法化)

legitimize authority(使權威正當化)

The policy was criticized for legitimizing harmful practices.

該政策因使有害行為合法化而受到批評。

同義詞: legalize, authorize, validate

反義詞: criminalize, delegitimize, outlaw

(D) relinquish 放棄;讓渡(權力、責任、控制)

relinquish control(放棄控制權)relinquish responsibility(放棄責任)

He relinquished his claim to the property.他放棄了對該財產的主張。

同義詞: give up, surrender, forgo

反義詞: retain, maintain, keep  

he CEO’s apology, filled with vague platitudes and evasive language, was widely perceived as a _____ attempt to restore the company’s damaged reputation.

(A) polemical(B) vindictive(C) trenchant(D) perfunctory     D

【解析】這位執行長的道歉充滿了空洞的陳腔濫調與閃避的語言,被廣泛認為只是一次_____的嘗試,企圖挽回公司受損的聲譽。」

關鍵語境線索為 vague platitudes(空泛的套話) 與 evasive language(閃爍其詞的語言),顯示道歉缺乏誠意、只是做做樣子

(D) perfunctory 敷衍的;草率的;例行公事的

perfunctory apology(敷衍的道歉)

a perfunctory attempt(敷衍了事的嘗試)

The company issued a perfunctory apology that failed to convince the public.

該公司發出了一份敷衍的道歉,未能說服大眾。

同義詞: cursory, superficial, half-hearted

反義詞: sincere, thorough, heartfelt

(A) polemical 好辯的;具爭議性的;挑起論戰的

polemical writing(論戰性文章)a polemical stance(好爭辯的立場) The article took a polemical tone that sparked public debate.

這篇文章採取了爭議性語氣,引發了公共辯論。

同義詞: argumentative, controversial

反義詞: conciliatory, agreeable

(B) vindictive 報復性的;記仇的

vindictive behavior(報復行為)a vindictive attitude(報復心態)

His vindictive comments damaged any chance of reconciliation.

他報復性的言論破壞了和解的可能。

同義詞: spiteful, vengeful反義詞: forgiving, magnanimous

(C) trenchant 尖銳的;犀利的;一針見血的

trenchant criticism(尖銳的批評)a trenchant analysis(犀利的分析)

She offered a trenchant critique of the flawed policy.

她對該缺陷政策提出了犀利的批評。

同義詞: incisive, sharp反義詞: vague, mild, bland     

Despite some initial concerns, the project received _____approval from the board of directors, who were impressed with the thoroughness of the proposal.

(A) unqualified(B) impudent(C) prodigal(D) recalcitrant     A

【解析】「儘管最初有些疑慮,該專案仍然獲得董事會的_____批准,因為他們對提案的周密程度印象深刻。」

關鍵語境為 Despite some initial concerns 與 were impressed with the thoroughness of the proposal,表示最終給予的是完全、毫無保留的批准,因此應填入「無條件的、完全的」。

(A) unqualified 無條件的;完全的;毫無保留的

unqualified approval(完全的批准)

an unqualified success(完全的成功)

The plan received unqualified support from senior management.

該計畫獲得高層管理人員毫無保留的支持。

同義詞: unconditional, complete, absolute

反義詞: conditional, limited, qualified

(B) impudent 無禮的;放肆的

impudent remark(無禮的言論)an impudent attitude(放肆的態度)

The impudent comment offended everyone in the room.

那句無禮的評論冒犯了房內所有人。

同義詞: rude, insolent, impertinent反義詞: polite, respectful, courteous

(C) prodigal 揮霍的;浪費的;慷慨過度的

prodigal spending(揮霍的支出)

the prodigal son(浪子回頭,聖經典故)

The company was criticized for its prodigal use of resources.

該公司因資源使用過於揮霍而遭批評。

同義詞: wasteful, extravagant反義詞: frugal, thrifty, economical

(D) recalcitrant 頑抗的;桀驁不馴的;不服從的

recalcitrant employee(不服從的員工)

recalcitrant behavior(頑抗行為)

The recalcitrant child refused to follow the rules.

那個頑抗的孩子拒絕遵守規定。

同義詞: defiant, stubborn, uncooperative

反義詞: compliant, obedient, cooperative

 The judge was appalled by the moral _____of the defendant, as he had been caught embezzling from a charitable organization.

(A) vestige(B) propriety(C) turpitude(D) indemnification    C

【解析】「法官對被告的道德_____感到震驚,因為他被抓到侵吞慈善機構的資金。」

關鍵線索為 embezzling from a charitable organization(侵吞慈善機構資金),此行為屬於嚴重的不道德與卑劣行徑,因此應填入表示「道德敗壞、卑劣行為」的字。

(C) turpitude 卑劣;道德敗壞(尤指嚴重的不道德行為)

moral turpitude(道德敗壞)an act of turpitude(卑劣行為)

Fraud and embezzlement are crimes involving moral turpitude.

詐欺與侵吞屬於涉及道德敗壞的犯罪。

同義詞: depravity, corruption, immorality

反義詞: integrity, virtue, morality

(A) vestige 殘餘;遺跡;一絲

a vestige of hope(一絲希望)vestiges of the past(過去的殘跡)

There was no vestige of regret in his expression.

他的表情中沒有一絲悔意。

同義詞: trace, remnant, residue反義詞: entirety, whole

(B) propriety 得體;禮儀;正當性

a sense of propriety(得體感)

question the propriety of sth(質疑某事的正當性)

She always behaves with propriety in formal settings.

她在正式場合中總是舉止得體。

同義詞: decency, correctness, decorum

反義詞: impropriety, indecency

(D) indemnification 賠償;補償;保障免責

seek indemnification(尋求賠償)indemnification clause(賠償條款)

The contract includes indemnification for financial losses.

該合約包含對財務損失的賠償條款。

同義詞: compensation, reimbursement反義詞: loss, penalty      

It is important not to _____ correlation with causation when analyzing data, as doing so can lead to erroneous conclusions.

(A) obscure(B) besmirch(C) conflate(D) repudiate       C

【解析】「在分析資料時,重要的是不要把相關性_____成因果關係,因為這樣做可能導致錯誤的結論。」

句中固定用法為 conflate A with B,意指「把兩個不同的概念混為一談」。在資料分析與研究語境中,最常見的警語正是「不要把相關性當成因果關係」。

(C) conflate 混淆;合併(不同事物)

conflate A with B(把 A 與 B 混為一談)

conflate two issues(混淆兩個議題)

Many people mistakenly conflate correlation with causation.

許多人錯誤地將相關性與因果關係混為一談。

同義詞: confuse, merge, mix up

反義詞: distinguish, separate, differentiate

(A) obscure 使模糊;遮掩;使難以理解

obscure the truth(掩蓋真相)obscure details(模糊細節)

Poor data visualization can obscure important trends.

不良的資料視覺化會掩蓋重要趨勢。

同義詞: conceal, blur, cloud反義詞: clarify, reveal, illuminate

(B) besmirch 玷污;詆毀(名聲、名譽)

besmirch one’s reputation(玷污某人的名聲)

besmirch a name(抹黑名聲)

False accusations can besmirch an innocent person’s reputation.

不實指控可能玷污無辜者的名聲。

同義詞: tarnish, defame, smear反義詞: honor, praise, vindicate

(D) repudiate 否認;拒絕接受;斷然否定

repudiate a claim(否認某主張)repudiate responsibility(否認責任)

The scientist repudiated the flawed theory.

該科學家否認了這個有缺陷的理論。

同義詞: reject, deny, disavow反義詞: accept, endorse, acknowledge

causation 因果關係;因果性

指「一件事情導致另一件事情發生的關係」,常用於科學研究、法律、統計與邏輯分析中。

常用片語/短句

•       correlation vs. causation(相關性與因果關係)

•       establish causation(建立因果關係)

•       prove causation(證明因果關係)

•       imply causation(暗示因果關係)

•       lack of causation(缺乏因果關係)

Correlation does not necessarily imply causation.

相關性不一定代表因果關係。

The study failed to establish a clear causation between diet and disease.

該研究未能建立飲食與疾病之間明確的因果關係。

同義詞

•       cause-and-effect relationship 因果關係

•       causal relationship 因果關聯

•       causality 因果性

反義詞/對立概念

•       correlation 相關性

•       coincidence 巧合

•       randomness 隨機性

在學術與數據分析題目中,causation 幾乎必定與 correlation 對比出現,常搭配動詞:conflate / imply / establish / prove / confuse 

Reading about the character’s thrilling adventures in the novel gave me a (an)_____  experience of traveling to far-off places and exploring unknown territories.

(A) remiss(B) vicarious(C) wistful(D) ostensible  B

【解析】「閱讀小說中角色驚險刺激的冒險,讓我產生了一種_____的旅行體驗,彷彿前往遙遠的地方並探索未知的領域。」

關鍵語境線索為 Reading about the character’s adventures 與 gave me an experience of traveling,表示「透過他人的經歷而間接體驗」,因此應填入表示「間接體驗他人感受」的字。

(B) vicarious 間接的;替代的;身歷其境(透過他人)

vicarious experience(間接體驗)vicarious pleasure(替代式的快樂)

She lived a vicarious life through travel blogs and novels.

她透過旅遊部落格與小說間接體驗旅行人生。

同義詞: indirect, secondhand, empathetic

反義詞: direct, firsthand, personal

(A) remiss 疏忽的;怠忽職守的

be remiss in one’s duties(玩忽職守)a remiss attitude(怠慢的態度)

The manager was remiss in addressing the safety issue.

這位經理在處理安全問題上相當疏忽。

同義詞: negligent, careless反義詞: diligent, conscientious

(C) wistful 惆悵的;感傷而嚮往的

a wistful smile(惆悵的微笑)

feel wistful about the past(對過去感到感傷)

He gave a wistful look at the old photographs.

他帶著惆悵的眼神看著舊照片。

同義詞: nostalgic, melancholic反義詞: cheerful, content

(D) ostensible 表面上的;貌似的(但未必真實)

ostensible reason(表面理由)ostensible purpose(表面目的)

The ostensible aim of the meeting was cooperation.

這次會議表面上的目的是合作。

同義詞: apparent, seeming

反義詞: genuine, real, actual     

When the manager asked me if I had seen his wallet, his _____ that I had taken it made me feel offended and defensive.

(A) aberration(B) conflagration(C) prevarication(D) insinuation  D

【解析】「當經理問我是否看過他的錢包時,他_____我拿走錢包的說法讓我感到被冒犯並產生防衛心。」

關鍵語境線索為 made me feel offended and defensive,表示經理不是直接指控,而是拐彎抹角地暗示我偷了錢包

(D) insinuation 暗示;影射;含沙射影的指控

make an insinuation(做出影射)

an insinuation of guilt(暗示有罪)

His insinuation that I was dishonest deeply offended me.

他暗示我不誠實,讓我感到非常被冒犯。

同義詞: implication, suggestion, innuendo

反義詞: denial, clarification, exoneration

(A) aberration 偏差;反常行為

a temporary aberration(暫時的反常)

a mental aberration(精神失常)

The mistake was seen as an aberration rather than a pattern.

這個錯誤被視為一次偏差,而非常態。

同義詞: anomaly, deviation反義詞: normality, conformity

(B) conflagration 大火;大規模災難

a massive conflagration(一場大火)

spark a conflagration(引發大火)

The conflagration destroyed several buildings.

這場大火摧毀了數棟建築。

同義詞: blaze, inferno反義詞: calm, extinguishment

(C) prevarication 支吾其詞;閃爍其詞;說謊

resort to prevarication(開始支吾其詞)

political prevarication(政治上的閃避說法)

His prevarication made the audience suspicious.

他支吾其詞的回答讓觀眾起疑。

同義詞: evasion, equivocation反義詞: honesty, frankness  

After the US announced new tariffs, Apple’s stock fell sharply. Investors, anticipating supply chain disruptions,_____ the impact on its Asian manufacturing hubs.

(A) braced for(B) roughed up(C) bailed out(D) flagged down      A

【解析】「在美國宣布新的關稅措施後,蘋果公司的股價大幅下跌。投資人預期供應鏈將受到干擾,於是_____其在亞洲製造樞紐所受到的影響。」

關鍵語境線索為 anticipating supply chain disruptions(預期供應鏈中斷)與股價下跌,表示投資人是在心理與策略上做好準備去承受衝擊,

(A) brace for 為……做好準備;嚴陣以待

brace for impact(為衝擊做好準備)

brace for disruptions(準備面對中斷)

Companies are bracing for higher costs due to new tariffs.

企業正為新關稅帶來的成本上升做好準備。

同義詞: prepare for, steel oneself for

反義詞: ignore, be unprepared for, overlook

(B) rough up 毆打;粗暴對待

rough someone up(痛毆某人)get roughed up(被痛打)

The suspect was roughed up during the arrest.

嫌犯在逮捕過程中遭到粗暴對待。

同義詞: assault, beat up反義詞: protect, treat gently

(C) bail out 保釋;救助;紓困

bail out a company(紓困公司)be bailed out(被救助)

The government decided to bail out the failing bank.

政府決定救助這家瀕臨倒閉的銀行。

同義詞: rescue, salvage反義詞: abandon, let fail

(D) flag down 揮手示意使停下(車輛)

flag down a taxi(攔計程車)flag down a bus(攔公車)

She flagged down a cab in the rain.她在雨中攔下一輛計程車。

同義詞: signal, stop反義詞: ignore, wave off      

發佈留言