複合關係代名詞What=the thing(s) which
The words she said aren’t true.
原句應該看成 The words {which she said }aren’t true. {}為關係子句當形容詞使用
先行詞 關係受詞
整句翻成她說的話不是真的
使用複合關係代名詞即讓句子成為 What she said isn’t true. 此時的what 既有先行詞+關係代名詞的功用，視為單數(what=the words which)
I don’t like the thing which he did for us. =I don’t like what he did for us. (我不喜歡他為我們所做的事)
比較間接問句
I don’t know what he has done for us.(我不知道他為了我們做了什麼.) what為疑問句
關係副詞when where
when (使用於與時間相關的先行詞) =on/in/at which
where (使用於與地點相關的先行詞)=on/in/at which (介係詞)+關代
Where This is the place which I live in).
=This is the place in which I live.
(關係子句中，關係代名詞若為受詞，則該句子的介系詞可移至關係代名詞之前)
=This is the place where I live. (in which =where 因先行詞為the place與地點相關)
練習: I like the park ________ my daughter likes to play in .
(A) which (B) what (C)in which (D) where
Ans.: A
I like the park ________ my daughter likes to play.
(A) which (B) what (C)in that (D) where
Ans.: D
(A) 改成in which (B)有先行詞the park不需要再使用複合關係代名詞
(C)關係代名詞that 前不可以有介係詞與,
I don’t remember the date which we met on last year.
= I don’t remember the date on which we met last year.
= I don’t remember the date when we met last year.
(先行詞為時間the date 因此關係副詞使用when)
Beyond its meteorological application, this same term metaphorically describes social environments 33. people surround themselves only with similar opinions and perspectives. (A) that(B) what(C) where(D) which
Ans: C (114高雄國中)
主詞：this same term（這個相同的詞）
動詞：describes（描述）
受詞：social environments ___ people surround themselves…（一種社會環境，⋯⋯）
整句的意思是：「除了在氣象學上的應用之外，這個詞在比喻意義上也用來描述某種社會環境，在那種環境裡，人們只讓自己接觸到相同觀點。」
因為 social environments 是「地點／環境」的概念，後面的子句 people surround themselves only with similar opinions and perspectives 是用來說明「這種環境的特性」，
where 用於引導關係副詞子句，修飾名詞「地點、環境、情境」。
它相當於「in which」的意思。
social environments where people surround themselves…
＝ social environments in which people surround themselves…
（在那種社會環境裡，人們讓自己只接觸相似意見。）
| 分詞ving | 表主動、現在進行 |
| 分詞p.p | 表被動、過去完成 |
關係子句中的關係代名詞主詞與動詞，可以省略 (who/which/that +is/動詞) 可以省略
This is the book which is on the desk.
=This is the book on the desk.(which is 可省略，此為後位修飾法為關代的省略)
I know the girl who is standing under the tree.
= I know the girl standing under the tree. (standing 當分詞片語修飾 the girl)
I like the dog which has brown hair.
= I like the dog having brown hair.
= I like the dog with brown hair. (我喜歡棕色的狗)
I like the coffee ______ well .
(A) smells (B) smelling (C) smelled (D) to smell
Ans: B原句: I like the coffee which smells well.(此時關代which為主詞不可省略)
which smells→ smelling
(關代主詞與動詞一起省略 動詞需判斷主被動 smell為連綴動詞無被動態，因此選擇smelling)
This is the cellphone which is made in Japan.
→This is the cellphone made in Japan.
I bought the book _______ by Jimmy.
(A) written (B) writing (C) write (D) which write
Ans: A
原句: I bought the book which was written by Jimmy.
(被動為be+p.p.)
- 關係代名詞當主詞、受詞、所有格講義
- 複合關係代名詞What=the thing(s) which
- 準關係代名詞but as than文法
- 關係先行詞 one of 複數名詞 who/which
- 關係副詞與關係代名詞的比較
- There be N ving/p.p.