英文被動語態文法 - 莓喵英文Fun The apple is eaten by Kelly

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英文被動語態文法定義

當該主詞無法做出該行為時，使用被動，例如衣服無法做出洗的動作、蘋果無法做出吃的動作，必須使用被動語態，衣服被洗，蘋果被吃。

被動語態文法句型

Be+p.p. Be→用來決定「時態」與「否定」→be+not ， p.p(過去分詞)→表示該動作

現在式被動: am/is/are +p.p.

主動語態: Kelly eats the apple. (Kelly吃了那顆蘋果)

被動語態: The apple is eaten by Kelly. (那顆蘋果被Kyle吃)

否定被動語態 : The apple isn’t eaten by Kelly.

過去式被動: was/were +p.p.

The dog bit me. (狗咬我)

I was bitten by the dog. (我被狗咬)

現在進行式被動

be+v-ing

+ be + p.p.

be +being +p.p.

主動: Tom is washing the car.

被動: The car is being washed by Tom. (車子正在被Tom 洗)

過去進行式被動

was+were +being +p.p.

The floor was being cleaned by Tom at ten yesterday. (昨天10點時地板正被Tom清理)

現在完成式被動

have/has+p.p.

+ be+p.p.

have/has +been +p.p.

His homework has been done. (他的功課已經做好了)

過去完成式被動: had been p.p.

The desk had been fixed when I arrived. (我到達時，桌子已經被修理好了)

未來式被動語態: will be p.p.

The car will be bought by Tom tomorrow. (明天車子將會被Tom買走)

情狀助動詞被動語態

shall→should can→could will→would must

全部加上be+p.p. 助動詞後使用原型動詞，因此be動詞需使用原型

The car should be fixed.(車子應該要被修理)

The cat can be found. (貓咪可以被找到)

The traffic rule must be followed. (交通規則被須被遵守)

被動省略by+人

若該動作的行為人為大眾所不知，或不需要被提及之人如we.they.someone.people，則省略by+人

People built Taipei 101 in 2004.

→ Taipei 101 was built in 2004.

被動語態疑問句

Does Tom open the door?

→ Is the door opened by Tom? do/does/did 刪除其餘依照直述句改法，最後將be動詞往前移改大寫

Can I eat the hot dog?

→ Can the hot dog be eaten by me? 有意義之助動詞需留下

疑問詞改被動

What should we do?

→ What should be done by us?

Who can mop the floor?

→By whom can the floor be mopped?

祈使句的被動語態

肯定句主動： RV+….

肯定句被動: Let +受詞 + be +p.p.

否定句主動：Don’t VR +…

否定句被動: Don’t let +受詞+ be +p.p.

= Let +受詞+ not +be +p.p.

立刻把垃圾拿出去丟

Take the grabage out at once.→Let the grabage be taken out at once.

別碰那個花瓶

Don’t touch the vase.→ Don’t let the vase be touched. = Let the vase not be touched.

沒有被動語態的動詞

不及物動詞或瞬間動詞無被動語態

appear, die disappear, end (vi. 束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.

不能用於被動語態的及物動詞或瞬間動詞

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

連連綴動詞無被動語態

appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn

(　D　) 1. Alison doesn’t like 　　　 what to do. She only does things she wants to do. 【109-11】

(A) told (B) to tell (C) be told (D) to be told

(　C　) 2. Many famous people visit this restaurant. Popular singers like A-mei and Jay Chou 　　　 here with their friends. 【107-11】

(A) to be often seen (B) often seen (C) are often seen (D) and are often seen

(　A　) 3. The little girl was 　　　 by a truck on her way home and was badly hurt. 【106-4】

(A) hit (B) led (C) lost (D) paid

(　D　) 4. My dog Jimmy loves 　　　 with a comb（梳子）. Every time I comb（梳）his hair, he will close his eyes and fall asleep（睡著的）. 【105-15】

(A) to brush (B) brushing (C) to be brushing (D) being brushed

(　C　) 5. A new road is going to 　　　 in town because traffic（交通）is getting busier and busier. 【96-1-15】

(A) build（建造） (B) building (C) be built (D) have built

(　B　) 6. Most of Jeff’s best books______ when he was sick and poor. 【95-2-13】

(A) have written (B) were written (C) would write (D) wrote

(　B　) 7. Mike has a loud voice. His voice can 　　　 clearly even in that big classroom. 【92-1-9】

(A) hear (B) be heard (C) be hearing (D) have heard

(　C　) 8. Susan: Oh, no! The door and the window 　　　!

Victor: Who could have done this?
Susan: Go in quickly and see if we’ve lost anything. 【91-1-6】

(A) are breaking (B) have broken (C) were broken (D) will break