115 新竹市立成德高中教甄英文科試題

1. The treaty was designed to _______ the decades-long animosity between the two neighboring nations.

(A) exacerbate

(B) mollify

(D) validate

【解析】句意為「這項條約旨在_______這兩個鄰國長達數十年的敵意。」

(B) mollify 安撫；平息；緩和（情緒或衝突）

mollify tensions（緩和緊張局勢）

mollify anger（平息憤怒）

The government tried to mollify the public after the scandal.

政府在醜聞之後試圖安撫民眾。

同義詞： soothe, calm, appease

反義詞： aggravate, provoke

(A) exacerbate 惡化；加劇

exacerbate the problem（使問題惡化）

exacerbate tensions（加劇緊張局勢）

The new policy only exacerbated the conflict.

這項新政策只讓衝突更加惡化。

同義詞： worsen, intensify

反義詞： alleviate, relieve

precipitate a crisis（引發危機）

precipitate change（促成改變）

His reckless decision precipitated a financial disaster.

他魯莽的決定導致了一場財務災難。

同義詞： trigger, cause

反義詞： prevent, delay

(D) validate 證實；確認…的正當性

validate a claim（證實主張）

validate an argument（確認論點）

The experiment validated the scientist’s theory.

這項實驗證實了科學家的理論。

同義詞： confirm, verify

反義詞： invalidate, refute

. It is generally acknowledged that the system of bureaucracy has become a _______ machine.

(A) self-perpetuating

(B) mind-boggling

(D) time-honored

【解析】句意為「人們普遍認為官僚體系已經變成一個_______的機器。」

語境顯示是在描述官僚體系會不斷自我維持、持續運作，因此應填入「自我延續的」，故正確答案為

(A) self-perpetuating 自我延續的；自我維持的

a self-perpetuating system（自我延續的體系）

become self-perpetuating（變得自我維持）

The cycle of poverty can become self-perpetuating without intervention.

如果沒有介入，貧窮的循環可能會自我延續。

同義詞： self-sustaining, continuous

反義詞： temporary, short-lived

(B) mind-boggling 令人難以置信的；令人驚訝的

a mind-boggling number（驚人的數量）

mind-boggling complexity（難以理解的複雜性）

The amount of data generated every day is mind-boggling.

每天產生的數據量令人難以置信。

同義詞： astonishing, staggering

反義詞： ordinary, predictable

a paradigm-shifting discovery（改變典範的發現）

paradigm-shifting innovation（顛覆性的創新）

The invention of the internet was a paradigm-shifting event.

網際網路的發明是一個改變典範的事件。

同義詞： revolutionary, groundbreaking

反義詞： conventional, traditional

(D) time-honored 歷久彌新的；由來已久的

a time-honored tradition（由來已久的傳統）

time-honored customs（歷史悠久的習俗）

This festival follows time-honored traditions.

這個節日遵循著由來已久的傳統。

同義詞： traditional, long-standing

反義詞： modern, new

The judge ruled that the evidence was _______ to the case and therefore could not be presented in court.

(A) germane

(B) indispensable

(D) extraneous

【解析】句意為「法官裁定該證據對本案是_______，因此不得在法庭上提出。」

(D) extraneous 無關的；外來的；不重要的

extraneous information（無關的資訊）

extraneous details（不必要的細節）

The report was filled with extraneous details that distracted readers.

這份報告充滿無關的細節，使讀者分心。

同義詞： irrelevant, unrelated

反義詞： relevant, pertinent

(A) germane 有關的；切題的

be germane to the issue（與問題相關）

germane evidence（相關證據）

His comments were not germane to the discussion.

他的評論與討論無關。

同義詞： relevant, pertinent

反義詞： irrelevant, extraneous

(B) indispensable 不可或缺的；必需的

be indispensable to success（對成功不可或缺）

indispensable resource（必要資源）

Water is indispensable to human survival.

水對人類生存是不可或缺的。

同義詞： essential, necessary

反義詞： unnecessary, optional

a pivotal role（關鍵角色）

pivotal moment（關鍵時刻）

She played a pivotal role in the project’s success.

她在這個專案的成功中扮演了關鍵角色。

同義詞： crucial, critical

反義詞： minor, insignificant

The study challenges the long-standing ______ that technological innovation, by itself, guarantees equitable social progress.

(A) axiom

(B) anomaly

(D) contingency

【解析】句意為「這項研究挑戰了一個長久以來的_______：認為科技創新本身就能保證公平的社會進步。」

語境顯示這裡指的是「被普遍接受的原則或信念」

(A) axiom 公理；不證自明的原則；普遍公認的道理

a widely accepted axiom（廣為接受的公理）

challenge an axiom（挑戰一個既定觀念）

The belief that hard work leads to success is often treated as an axiom.

努力會成功這種信念常被視為一種公理。

同義詞： principle, maxim

反義詞： fallacy, misconception

(B) anomaly 異常；反常現象

a statistical anomaly（統計上的異常）

an anomaly in the data（數據中的異常）

The sudden drop in temperature was an anomaly for this season.

氣溫突然下降對這個季節來說是異常現象。

同義詞： irregularity, deviation

反義詞： norm, standard

go off on a digression（離題）

a brief digression（短暫離題）

The speaker’s digression confused the audience.

講者的離題讓聽眾感到困惑。

同義詞： deviation, detour

反義詞： focus, relevance

(D) contingency 偶發事件；可能發生的情況

contingency plan（應變計畫）

unexpected contingency（突發狀況）

We need a contingency plan in case the event is canceled.

我們需要一個應變計畫，以防活動被取消。

同義詞： possibility, uncertainty

反義詞： certainty, inevitability

The novel’s appeal lies not in overt moral instruction but in its ______ irony, which invites readers to question social norms without prescribing definitive conclusions.

(A) vacuous

(B) sardonic

(D) lethargic

【解析】句意為「這部小說的吸引力不在於明顯的道德說教，而在於其_______的諷刺，讓讀者在不被強加結論的情況下質疑社會規範。」

(B) sardonic 諷刺的；嘲諷的；冷嘲的

a sardonic smile（嘲諷的微笑）

sardonic humor（諷刺幽默）

He gave a sardonic laugh at the irony of the situation.

他對這種諷刺的情境發出冷嘲的笑聲。

同義詞： mocking, cynical

反義詞： sincere, earnest

(A) vacuous 空洞的；無內容的

a vacuous remark（空洞的評論）

vacuous expression（空洞的表情）

His speech was full of vacuous statements with no real meaning.

他的演講充滿空洞的話語，毫無實質內容。

同義詞： empty, meaningless

反義詞： meaningful, substantial

an ingenuous child（天真的孩子）

ingenuous honesty（天真的誠實）

She gave an ingenuous response that revealed her innocence.

她給出一個天真的回答，顯示出她的單純。

同義詞： naive, innocent

反義詞： cynical, sophisticated

(D) lethargic 無精打采的；遲鈍的

feel lethargic（感到無精打采）

a lethargic response（遲緩的反應）

After the long trip, he felt lethargic and tired.

長途旅行後，他感到疲倦且無精打采。

同義詞： sluggish, inactive

反義詞： energetic, lively

The committee’s final report adopted a cautiously worded tone, reflecting a deliberate effort to maintain institutional credibility while avoiding any appearance of undue ______ toward the controversial policy.

(A) acquiescence

(B) belligerence

(D) animosity

【解析】句意為「委員會的最終報告採取謹慎措辭的語氣，反映出一種刻意的努力，在維持機構公信力的同時，避免對該具爭議政策表現出任何過度的_______。」

(A) acquiescence 默許；順從；勉強同意

acquiesce in a decision（默許一項決定）

reluctant acquiescence（勉強的順從）

She gave her acquiescence to the proposal despite her doubts.

儘管有疑慮，她仍勉強同意這項提議。

同義詞： compliance, consent

反義詞： resistance, opposition

(B) belligerence 好戰；敵對態度

show belligerence（表現出敵意）political belligerence（政治上的敵對）

His belligerence made negotiations difficult.

他的敵對態度使談判變得困難。

同義詞： hostility, aggression

反義詞： friendliness, peace

seek vindication（尋求證明正當）

vindication of one’s actions（證明行為正當）

The evidence led to the vindication of the accused.

這些證據使被告獲得平反。

同義詞： justification, defense

反義詞： condemnation, blame譴責，指責

(D) animosity 敵意；憎恨

deep animosity（深刻的敵意）

harbor animosity（心懷敵意）

There is long-standing animosity between the two groups.

這兩個團體之間存在長期的敵意。

同義詞： hostility, hatred

反義詞： goodwill, friendliness

In an attempt to restore public confidence, the organization issued a carefully calibrated apology intended to ______ reputational damage rather than eliminate it entirely.

(A) exacerbate

(B) forestall

(D) precipitate

【解析】句意為「為了恢復公眾信心，該組織發表了一份精心措辭的道歉，旨在_______聲譽損害，而不是完全消除它。」

ameliorate the situation（改善情況）

ameliorate damage（減輕損害）

The new policy aims to ameliorate the effects of climate change.

這項新政策旨在減輕氣候變遷的影響。

同義詞： improve, alleviate

反義詞： worsen, aggravate

(A) exacerbate 惡化；加劇

exacerbate the problem（使問題惡化）

exacerbate tensions（加劇緊張）

His comments only exacerbated the situation.

他的評論只讓情況更加惡化。

同義詞： worsen, intensify

反義詞： relieve, alleviate

(B) forestall 預防；阻止（事情發生）

forestall a crisis（防止危機）

forestall criticism（預先避免批評）

They took action to forestall further damage.

他們採取行動以防止進一步損害。

同義詞： prevent, avert

反義詞： allow, permit

(D) precipitate 促成；引發（通常指不好的結果）

precipitate a conflict（引發衝突）

precipitate a crisis（導致危機）

The sudden decision precipitated a series of problems.

這個突然的決定引發了一連串問題。

同義詞： trigger, cause

反義詞： prevent, delay

Although the proposal appeared ambitious on the surface, closer scrutiny revealed a ______ organizational structure, with loosely connected sections and objectives that shifted without clear rationale.

(A) trenchant

(B) nebulous

(D) cogent

【解析】句意為「雖然這項提案表面上看起來很宏大，但進一步審視後發現其組織結構是_______的，各部分之間連結鬆散，且目標在沒有明確理由下不斷改變。」

(B) nebulous 模糊的；不明確的；難以理解的

a nebulous idea（模糊的想法）

nebulous plans（不明確的計畫）

His explanation was too nebulous to be useful.

他的解釋太模糊，沒有實際幫助。

同義詞： vague

反義詞： clear, definite

(A) trenchant 銳利的；尖銳有力的（評論或批評）

a trenchant analysis（犀利的分析）

trenchant criticism（尖銳的批評）

She made a trenchant critique of the policy.

她對該政策提出了尖銳的批評。

同義詞： incisive, sharp

反義詞： mild, dull

orthodox methods（傳統方法）

orthodox views（正統觀點）

He prefers orthodox approaches to problem-solving.

他偏好傳統的解決問題方式。

同義詞： traditional, conventional

反義詞： unconventional, radical

(D) cogent 有說服力的；令人信服的

a cogent argument（有力的論點）

cogent evidence（有說服力的證據）

She presented a cogent case for reform.

她提出了一個有說服力的改革理由。

同義詞： convincing, persuasive

反義詞： weak, unconvincing

Rather than delivering an overtly moralistic message, the documentary offers a ______ critique of consumer culture, exposing excess through careful observation.

(A) benign

(B) scathing

(D) ingenuous

【解析】句意為「這部紀錄片並非傳達明顯的說教訊息，而是提供對消費文化的_______批評，通過細緻觀察揭露過度行為。」

語境顯示批評應該是「尖銳、嚴厲的」，用來揭露問題，因此應填入「尖刻的、嚴厲的」，故正確答案為

(B) scathing 尖刻的；嚴厲批評的

a scathing critique（尖刻的批評）

scathing remarks（尖銳的言論）

The article offered a scathing review of the new policy.

這篇文章對新政策提出了嚴厲的評論。

同義詞： severe, harsh, acerbic

反義詞： mild, lenient, gentle

(A) benign 良性的；無害的；和善的

a benign influence（良性影響）

benign tumor（良性腫瘤）

The teacher gave a benign smile to the nervous student.

老師對緊張的學生露出和善的微笑。

同義詞： harmless, gentle

反義詞： harmful, malignant

a didactic approach（說教的方法）

didactic literature（教化文學）

The novel is too didactic, focusing more on lessons than storytelling.

這部小說過於說教，更注重教訓而非故事性。

同義詞： instructive, moralizing

反義詞： entertaining, amusing

(D) ingenuous 天真的；單純的

an ingenuous response（天真的回答）

ingenuous child（天真的孩子）

She gave an ingenuous answer that revealed her innocence.

她給出一個天真的回答，顯示出她的單純。

同義詞： naive, innocent

反義詞： cunning, sophisticated

The speaker’s ill-timed attempt at levity disrupted the proceedings, producing a moment of collective ______ that was difficult to dispel.

(A) rapport

(B) reverence

(D) elation

【解析】句意為「演講者時機不當的幽默打斷了會議，造成一個難以消除的集體_______。」

a moment of discomfiture（尷尬的時刻）

feel discomfited（感到窘迫）

Her comment caused a moment of discomfiture among the attendees.

她的評論使與會者陷入短暫的尷尬。

同義詞： embarrassment, unease, awkwardness

反義詞： comfort, ease

(A) rapport 融洽；和諧關係

establish rapport with someone（與某人建立融洽關係）

good rapport（良好互動）

The teacher quickly built a rapport with her students.

老師很快與學生建立了融洽關係。

同義詞： harmony, connection

反義詞： friction, discord

(B) reverence 尊敬；崇敬

show reverence for elders（對長輩表示尊敬）

with reverence（帶著敬意）

The ceremony was conducted with deep reverence.

儀式是在深切的敬意中舉行的。

同義詞： respect, veneration

反義詞： disrespect, irreverence

(D) elation 興高采烈；欣喜若狂

feel elation（感到興高采烈）

a sense of elation（欣喜的感覺）

She was filled with elation when she received the award.

當她獲獎時，心中充滿了欣喜。

同義詞： joy, happiness

反義詞： sadness, dejection

The humid heat of the tropical rainforest can quickly ________ even the most energetic hikers, leaving them feeling completely drained of their physical strength.

(A) enervate

(B) galvanize

(D) accentuate

【解析】句意為「熱帶雨林的潮濕高溫可以迅速_______即使是最有活力的健行者，使他們感到體力完全被耗盡。」

(A) enervate 使衰弱；使無力

enervate the body（使身體衰弱）

feel enervated by the heat（感到被高溫耗盡精力）

The intense sun enervated the hikers, forcing them to rest.

強烈的陽光讓健行者感到衰弱，不得不停下休息。

同義詞： weaken, debilitate, exhaust

反義詞： invigorate, energize

(B) galvanize 刺激；激勵；促使行動

galvanize a group into action（促使團隊採取行動）

The leader’s speech galvanized the volunteers.

領導的演說激勵了志工行動起來。

同義詞： stimulate, motivate, energize

反義詞： demoralize, discourage

propagate a rumor（散布謠言）

propagate plants（繁殖植物）

The organization propagates awareness about environmental issues.

該組織傳播關於環境問題的意識。

同義詞： spread, disseminate

反義詞： suppress, contain

(D) accentuate 強調；突出

accentuate the features（強調特徵）

The bright colors accentuate the painting’s details.

鮮豔的色彩突出了畫作的細節。

同義詞： highlight, emphasize

反義詞： diminish, downplay

The complex mathematical proof continued to ________ even the most experienced professors in the department, leaving the true solution a mystery for decades.

(A) interrogate

(B) baffle

(D) appease

【解析】句意為「這個複雜的數學證明甚至讓系裡最有經驗的教授也感到_______，真正的解答數十年來仍是謎。」

(B) baffle 使困惑；使無法理解；難倒

baffle experts（難倒專家）

completely baffle someone（讓某人完全困惑）

The magician’s tricks baffled the audience.

魔術師的把戲讓觀眾感到困惑。

同義詞： confuse, perplex, bewilder

反義詞： clarify, enlighten

(A) interrogate 訊問；審問

interrogate a suspect（審問嫌疑犯）

The police interrogated the witness for hours.

警察訊問了目擊者好幾個小時。

同義詞： question, examine

反義詞： answer, respond

obliterate evidence（消除證據）

The bomb obliterated the entire building.

炸彈摧毀了整棟建築物。

同義詞： destroy, eradicate

反義詞： preserve, create

(D) appease 安撫；平息

appease anger（平息憤怒）

The government tried to appease public outrage.

政府試圖安撫公眾憤怒。

同義詞： mollify, pacify

反義詞： provoke, aggravate

Upon hearing that his business partner had embezzled millions of dollars, the entrepreneur became _______ with rage, unable to speak.

(A) placid

(B) livid

(D) pertinent

【解析】句意為「當聽到他的商業夥伴挪用數百萬美元時，這位企業家憤怒得_______，說不出話來。」

語境顯示他「極度憤怒」，因此應填入「狂怒的」，故正確答案為

(B) livid 狂怒的；極度憤怒的

be livid with anger（氣得發瘋）livid face（憤怒的臉）

He was livid when he discovered the betrayal.

當他發現背叛時，他氣得發瘋。

同義詞： furious, enraged, fuming

反義詞： calm, placid, composed

(A) placid 平靜的；安祥的

a placid lake（平靜的湖面）

She remained placid despite the chaos around her.

即使周圍一片混亂，她仍然保持平靜。

同義詞： calm, serene反義詞： agitated, furious

feel elated（感到欣喜）

She was elated after receiving the good news.

收到好消息後，她欣喜若狂。

同義詞： joyful, overjoyed

反義詞： depressed, miserable

(D) pertinent 相關的；切題的

pertinent information（相關資訊）

Her comments were pertinent to the discussion.

她的評論與討論相關。

同義詞： relevant, applicable

反義詞： irrelevant, unrelated

Aspiring writers often find themselves attempting to ________ the prose style of their literary idols before they eventually develop a unique voice of their own.

(A) obfuscate

(B) disparage

(D) emulate

【解析】句意為「有抱負的作家經常發現自己試圖_______他們文學偶像的散文風格，直到最終發展出自己獨特的風格。」

(D) emulate 效法；模仿（以追求卓越）

emulate a role model（效法榜樣）

emulate the style of a master（模仿大師的風格）

Young musicians often emulate the techniques of famous performers.

年輕音樂家經常模仿著名表演者的技巧。

同義詞： imitate, follow, mirror

反義詞： ignore, reject, avoid

(A) obfuscate 使困惑；使模糊

obfuscate the meaning（使意義模糊）

The technical jargon obfuscated the main point of the report.

專業術語使報告的重點變得模糊不清。

同義詞： confuse, obscure

反義詞： clarify, illuminate

(B) disparage 貶低；輕視

disparage someone’s work（貶低某人的作品）

He disparaged her efforts unfairly.

他不公平地貶低了她的努力。

同義詞： belittle, denigrate

反義詞： praise, commend

repudiate a claim（否認主張）

She repudiated the allegations against her.

她否認了針對她的指控。

同義詞： reject, renounce

反義詞： accept, embrace

In many ancient cultures, warriors would wear a sacred ________ around their necks, believing it possessed the spiritual power to protect them from physical harm.

(A) bastion

(B) epitaph

(D) amulet

【解析】句意為「在許多古代文化中，戰士會在脖子上戴一個神聖的_______，相信它擁有保護他們免受身體傷害的靈力。」

語境顯示這是「能帶來保護或魔力的物品」，因此應填入「護身符」，故正確答案為

(D) amulet 護身符；平安符

wear an amulet（佩戴護身符）protective amulet（護身護符）

She wore an amulet around her neck to ward off evil spirits.

她在脖子上戴著護身符以驅邪避凶。

同義詞： talisman, charm

反義詞： curse, jinx

(A) bastion 堡壘；防禦陣地

a bastion of freedom（自由的堡壘）

The castle served as a bastion against invaders.

這座城堡作為抵禦入侵者的堡壘。

同義詞： stronghold, fortress

反義詞： weakness, vulnerability

(B) epitaph 墓誌銘；碑文

write an epitaph（撰寫墓誌銘）

The epitaph on his grave honored his bravery.

墓碑上的墓誌銘讚揚了他的勇氣。

同義詞： inscription, memorial

remove the shackles（解除束縛）

The prisoners were chained in iron shackles.

囚犯被鐵鍊銬住。

同義詞： chain, restraint

反義詞： freedom, release

Gentrification, the process where urban neighborhoods undergo rapid transformation due to the influx of more affluent residents, remains a __16__ issue in urban planning. While it often brings __17__, such as improved infrastructure and lower crime rates, it also leads to the displacement of long-term, low-income residents. This shift often results in the loss of a neighborhood’s __18__, as local businesses are replaced by high-end chains. To address these social inequities, some city governments have proposed __19__ policies, such as rent control and community land trusts, to protect vulnerable populations. However, finding a balance between urban revitalization and social preservation is __20__, requiring a nuanced understanding of both economic forces and human rights.

16.(A) contentious(B) unanimous(C) superfluous(D) meticulous

17.(A) opprobrium(B) amenities(C) constraints(D) remnants

18.(A) financial performance(B) cultural identity

19.(A) punitive(B) inclusive(C) temporary(D) arbitrary

20.(A) mind-boggling (B) nerve-wracking

【解析】句意為「社區高檔化（gentrification）是一個城市規劃中_______的議題。雖然它通常帶來_______，如改善基礎設施和降低犯罪率，但也會導致低收入住戶被迫搬離。這種轉變常造成社區的_______喪失，因為當地商店被高檔連鎖店取代。為了應對這些社會不平等，一些城市政府提出了_______政策，如租金管制和社區土地信託，以保護弱勢族群。然而，在城市復興與社會保存之間找到平衡是_______的，需要對經濟力量與人權有細膩的理解。」

16. (A) contentious 有爭議的；引起爭論的

a contentious issue（有爭議的議題）

The new zoning law has become a contentious topic among residents.

新的分區法在居民間成為一個爭議議題。

同義詞： controversial, debatable

反義詞： unanimous, agreed

(B) unanimous 全體一致的；無異議的

reach a unanimous decision（達成一致決定）

The jury was unanimous in their verdict.

陪審團在判決上達成了一致。

同義詞： united, agreed

反義詞： contentious, divided

superfluous details（多餘的細節）

The report contained superfluous information that distracted readers.

報告中包含了多餘的資訊，讓讀者分心。

同義詞： unnecessary, redundant

反義詞： essential, necessary

(D) meticulous 一絲不苟的；細心的

meticulous planning（細緻的計畫）

She is meticulous about her work.

她對工作非常細心。

同義詞： careful, thorough

反義詞： careless, sloppy

17. (A) opprobrium 譴責；羞辱

fall into opprobrium（受到譴責）

He faced public opprobrium after the scandal.

醜聞之後，他遭到公眾譴責。

同義詞： disgrace, condemnation

反義詞： praise, honor

(B) amenities 設施；便利措施

public amenities（公共設施）improved amenities（改善的便利設施）

The neighborhood gained new amenities, including parks and libraries.

這個社區獲得了新的便利設施，包括公園和圖書館。

同義詞： facilities, services

反義詞： disadvantages, inconveniences

financial constraints（財務限制）

Time constraints prevented us from completing the project.

時間限制阻止了我們完成這個專案。

同義詞： limitation, restriction

反義詞： freedom, flexibility

(D) remnants 殘餘物；遺跡

remnants of the old building（舊建築的遺跡）

The museum displayed remnants of ancient civilization.

博物館展示了古代文明的遺跡。

同義詞： remains, leftovers

反義詞： whole, entirety

18. (A) financial performance 財務表現

analyze financial performance（分析財務表現）

The company’s financial performance improved this year.

公司的財務表現今年有所改善。

同義詞： profitability, revenue

(B) cultural identity 文化認同；社區特色

preserve cultural identity（保護文化認同）

loss of cultural identity（文化認同喪失）

Gentrification can threaten a neighborhood’s cultural identity.

社區高檔化可能威脅社區的文化認同。

同義詞： heritage, traditions

反義詞： homogenization, standardization

gain a technological edge（獲得技術優勢）

Companies compete to maintain their technological edge.

公司為了保持技術優勢而競爭。

同義詞： technological advantage, innovation

反義詞： backwardness, lag

(D) professional roles 職業角色

define professional roles（定義職業角色）

Clear professional roles improve workplace efficiency.

明確的職業角色能提升工作效率。

19. (A) punitive 懲罰性的；刑罰的

punitive measures（懲罰措施）

The government imposed punitive fines on violators.

政府對違規者實施了懲罰性罰款。

同義詞： disciplinary, penal

反義詞： lenient, forgiving

(B) inclusive 包容性的；兼顧多方的

inclusive policies（包容性政策）

an inclusive approach（兼顧各方的方法）

The city implemented inclusive housing policies to protect vulnerable residents.

城市實施了包容性的住房政策以保護弱勢住戶。

同義詞： equitable, comprehensive

反義詞： punitive, exclusive

temporary staff（臨時員工）

The shelter provides temporary housing for the homeless.

收容所為無家可歸者提供臨時住房。

同義詞： short-term, provisional

反義詞： permanent, lasting

(D) arbitrary 任意的；隨意的

arbitrary decision（任意決定）

The manager’s arbitrary rules frustrated employees.

經理的隨意規定讓員工感到挫折。

同義詞： random, capricious

反義詞： systematic, rational

20. (A) mind-boggling 令人難以置信的；令人困惑的

mind-boggling complexity（令人難以置信的複雜性）

The sheer scale of the project was mind-boggling.

這個專案的龐大規模令人難以置信。

同義詞： astonishing, overwhelming

反義詞： simple, straightforward

(B) nerve-wracking 令人緊張的；令人焦慮的

nerve-wracking situation（令人焦慮的情況）

Waiting for the results was nerve-wracking.

等待結果令人焦慮。

同義詞： stressful, tense

反義詞： calming, relaxing

straightforward instructions（簡單明瞭的指示）

The solution to the problem was straightforward.

這個問題的解決方法很直接明瞭。

同義詞： simple, clear

反義詞： complex, intricate

(D) intricate 複雜的；錯綜的

an intricate problem（複雜的問題）

finding an intricate balance（找到錯綜複雜的平衡）

Balancing economic growth and social justice is an intricate task.

在經濟發展與社會正義之間取得平衡是一個複雜的任務。

同義詞： complex, complicated

反義詞： straightforward, simple

We celebrate scientific method — hypothesis, experiment, result — as though discovery were a straight line. It rarely is. Strip away the retrospective __21__ of textbooks, and what you find instead is a messier, more human story: spilled cultures, ruined batches, experiments gone wrong in exactly the right way. The inventions that quietly reshaped modern life were not always the ones anyone set out to find.

The birth of saccharin in 1879 is a classic case of unwashed hands leading to culinary history. While researching coal tar derivatives, chemist Constantin Fahlberg neglected to wash his hands before dinner, only to find his bread tasted extraordinarily sweet. He traced the flavor back to a chemical residue in his lab, __22__ he eventually synthesized the world’s first artificial sweetener.

Similarly, Super Glue was originally dismissed as a total failure. During WWII, Dr. Harry Coover was attempting to develop a clear plastic for gun sights. However, the substance was so frustratingly __23__ that it stuck to everything it touched. Not until a decade later __24__ that this “nuisance” possessed a unique ability to bond materials instantly without heat.

Perhaps most remarkably, the implantable pacemaker resulted from a simple hardware mix-up. In 1956, engineer Wilson Greatbatch accidentally installed a resistor of the wrong size into a heart-recording circuit. To his surprise, the circuit emitted a rhythmic electrical pulse __25__ recording one. Greatbatch immediately recognized that this steady beat could simulate a human heart, a realization that has since saved millions of lives.

21.(A) vagueness(B) uniqueness(C) tidiness (D) boldness

22.(A) from which(B) which(C) where(D) what

23.(A) transparent(B) adhesive(C) fragile (D) versatile

24.(A) Coover realized (B) did Coover realize

25.(A) instead of(B) in terms of(C) by means of(D) regardless of

【解析】「我們慶祝科學方法——假設、實驗、結果——好像發現是一條直線，但實際上並非如此。撇開教科書上回顧性的_______，你會發現一個更凌亂、更具人性的故事：文化被打翻、批次被毀、實驗出錯卻恰好導致正確結果。」

21. (A) vagueness 模糊；含糊

retrospective vagueness（回顧性的模糊）

Strip away the retrospective vagueness of textbooks…

撇開教科書上回顧性的模糊…

同義詞： ambiguity, imprecision

反義詞： clarity, precision

(B) uniqueness 獨特性

emphasize uniqueness（強調獨特性）

同義詞： individuality, distinctiveness

反義詞： commonness, similarity

tidiness of the notes（筆記的整齊）

反義詞： messiness, disorder

(D) boldness 大膽；勇敢

boldness of action（行動的大膽）

反義詞： timidity, caution

22. (A) from which 從中

He traced the flavor back to a chemical residue in his lab, from which he eventually synthesized the world’s first artificial sweetener.

他追溯到實驗室的化學殘留物，從中最終合成了世界上第一個人工甜味劑。

(B) which （連接詞）

He traced the flavor back to a chemical residue in his lab, which he eventually synthesized…

語法不對，因為“residue”本身不能被“synthesized”，必須用“from which”。

He traced the flavor back to a chemical residue in his lab, where he eventually synthesized…

語意錯誤，因為重點在「從殘留物中合成」，不是地點。

23. (A) transparent 透明的

語意不符，文中說「這物質令人沮喪地_______，黏在它碰到的一切上。」

(transparent) 意思是「透明的」，不符合上下文。

(B) adhesive 黏性的；有黏著力的

the substance was so frustratingly adhesive（物質令人沮喪地黏）

This sticky property eventually led to Super Glue’s invention.

同義詞： sticky, tacky

24. 需用倒裝句強調時間先後。

(B) did Coover realize Coover 才意識到

Not until a decade later did Coover realize that this “nuisance” possessed a unique ability…

直到十年後，Coover 才意識到這個「麻煩物質」具備瞬間粘合材料的獨特能力。

同義詞： become aware, recognize

反義詞： ignore, overlook

時態不符

(D) Coover had realized 已經意識到

語意與文中「十年後才意識到」不符

25. (A) instead of 取代；而非

He immediately recognized that this steady beat could simulate a human heart, not exactly matching the meaning of原句。

(B) in terms of 就……而言

The circuit emitted a rhythmic electrical pulse by means of recording one.

這裡語意不順，文中想表達「透過這個錯誤，產生了脈衝」，但 by means of recording one 更像「透過錄製」，不自然。

(D) regardless of 不管；不顧

The circuit emitted a rhythmic electrical pulse regardless of recording one.

「不管是否錄製，它都發出規律脈衝」—符合文意：錯誤安裝的電阻意外產生了規律脈衝。

In the modern digital landscape, we are no longer just consumers; we are the product. The rise of the “attention economy” has led to a __26__ scramble among tech giants to capture as much of our screen time as possible. This constant bombardment of notifications creates a state of __27__, where the brain is perpetually on high alert but lacks depth of focus. __28__ the traditional belief that multitasking is a sign of efficiency, neurological research suggests that it actually leads to “cognitive switching costs,” reducing overall productivity and increasing error rates. To combat this, some experts advocate for “digital minimalism,” a __29___ approach that encourages users to intentionally curate their online interactions. Ultimately, reclaiming our focus __30__ a conscious rejection of the addictive design patterns that prioritize profit over human well-being.

26.(A) stagnant(B) relentless(C) marginal(D) sporadic

27.(A) tranquility(B) hyper-vigilance(C) indifference(D) suaveness

28.(A) Contrary to(B) Consistent with(C) In addition to(D) Based on

29.(A) reckless(B) pensive(C) proactive(D) piteous

30.(A) circumscribes(B) necessitates(C) deteriorates(D) forestalls

【解析】句意為「在現代數位環境中，我們不再只是消費者，而是產品本身。『注意力經濟』的興起，使科技巨頭之間展開一場_______的競爭，以盡可能佔據我們的螢幕時間。這種持續的通知轟炸造成一種_______的狀態，使大腦一直處於高度警覺卻缺乏專注深度。_______傳統認為多工代表效率的觀點，神經科學研究指出它其實會導致認知切換成本，降低效率並增加錯誤率。為了對抗這種情況，一些專家提倡『數位極簡主義』，這是一種_______的方法，鼓勵使用者有意識地管理線上互動。最終，重新掌握專注力_______對抗那些以利潤為優先的成癮式設計。」

26. (A) stagnant 停滯的；不變的

a stagnant market（停滯的市場）

The economy remained stagnant for years.

經濟多年來停滯不前。

同義詞： inactive, sluggish

反義詞： dynamic, growing

(B) relentless 持續不斷的；無情的

a relentless pursuit（持續的追求）

relentless competition（激烈且不間斷的競爭）

The company engaged in a relentless effort to dominate the market.

公司持續不斷地努力主導市場。

同義詞： continuous, unceasing

反義詞： intermittent, occasional

marginal benefit（微小利益）

The improvement was only marginal.

改善幅度很小。

同義詞： slight, minor

反義詞： significant, substantial

(D) sporadic 零星的；間歇的

sporadic attacks（零星攻擊）

Rainfall was sporadic throughout the day.整天降雨斷斷續續。

同義詞： irregular, occasional

反義詞： constant, continuous

27. (A) tranquility 平靜；安寧

a sense of tranquility（平靜感）

The lake gave a feeling of tranquility.湖泊帶來平靜的感覺。

同義詞： calmness, peace

反義詞： anxiety, agitation

(B) hyper-vigilance 過度警覺；高度戒備狀態

a state of hyper-vigilance（高度警覺狀態）

Constant stress can lead to hyper-vigilance.持續壓力會導致過度警覺。

同義詞： alertness, sensitivity

反義詞： relaxation, calmness

show indifference（表現冷漠）

He showed indifference to the issue.他對這件事漠不關心。

同義詞： apathy, unconcern

反義詞： concern, interest

(D) suaveness 溫文儒雅；圓滑

His suaveness impressed the audience.

他的圓滑風度讓觀眾印象深刻。

同義詞： sophistication, charm

反義詞： awkwardness, უხness（不自然）

28. (A) Contrary to 與……相反

Contrary to popular belief（與普遍看法相反）

Contrary to expectations, the results were disappointing.

與預期相反，結果令人失望。

同義詞： in contrast to, against

反義詞： consistent with

(B) Consistent with 與……一致

consistent with the theory（與理論一致）

同義詞： in agreement with

反義詞： contrary to

In addition to his job, he studies at night.

同義詞： besides, along with

反義詞： excluding

(D) Based on 根據

Based on the data（根據數據）

同義詞： according to

反義詞： independent of

29. (A) reckless 魯莽的；不顧後果的

a reckless decision（魯莽的決定）

His reckless driving caused an accident.他的魯莽駕駛造成事故。

同義詞： careless, rash

反義詞： cautious, careful

(B) pensive 沉思的；憂思的

a pensive mood（沉思的心情）

She looked pensive after hearing the news.她聽到消息後顯得若有所思。

同義詞： thoughtful, reflective

反義詞： carefree, thoughtless

a proactive approach（主動的方法）

Companies must be proactive in addressing issues.

公司必須主動處理問題。

同義詞： active, initiative-taking

反義詞： passive, reactive

(D) piteous 可憐的；令人同情的

a piteous cry（可憐的呼喊）

The injured animal made a piteous sound.

受傷的動物發出可憐的聲音。

同義詞： pathetic, pitiful

反義詞： admirable, strong

30. (A) circumscribes 限制；約束

circumscribe freedom（限制自由）

同義詞： limit, restrict

反義詞： expand（擴展）

(B) necessitates 需要；使成為必要

necessitate action（需要採取行動）

This situation necessitates immediate attention.

這種情況需要立即關注。

同義詞： require, demand

反義詞： eliminate, remove

The situation deteriorated rapidly.情況迅速惡化。

同義詞： worsen, decline

反義詞： improve, recover

(D) forestalls 預防；阻止

forestall a crisis（防止危機）

同義詞： prevent, avert

反義詞： allow, permit

The modern city is a marvel of efficiency, yet it imposes a relentless tax on our psychological well-being. From the jarring cacophony of sirens to the visual clutter of neon advertisements, the urban landscape is an unrelenting assault on our senses. According to Attention Restoration Theory (ART), these stimuli demand “directed attention,” a finite cognitive resource that requires significant effort to maintain. 31 When this happens, we become more irritable, less capable of problem-solving, and prone to mental fatigue.

In contrast, natural environments provide what researchers call “soft fascination.” Scenes of rustling leaves or flowing water capture our interest without requiring conscious effort. 32 This cognitive hiatus allows the prefrontal cortex—the brain’s command center—to recover its strength. Studies using functional MRI have shown that even a brief walk in a park can dampen activity in the prefrontal cortex, an area associated with ruminative thinking and negative effect. 33

However, the challenge of modern urban design is not merely the absence of greenery, but the overwhelming presence of “high-bottom-up” stimuli. These are elements that grab our attention whether we want them to or not, such as a sudden honk or a flashing billboard. 34 Unlike the predictability of a forest trail, the city requires us to be in a state of constant hyper-vigilance. Over time, this chronic engagement of our stress-response systems can lead to structural changes in the brain, including a sensitized amygdale.

Fortunately, the growing awareness of this “cognitive tax” is beginning to reshape how we envision future metropolises. 35 The goal is to create spaces that respect the biological limits of the human mind. After all, while we may live in a digital and industrial age, our brains remain fundamentally tuned to the rhythms of the natural world.

(AB) Consequently, the urban dweller is trapped in a loop of cognitive depletion, where the mind is never truly at rest.

(AC) These neurological findings suggest that nature is not just a luxury, but a biological necessity for maintaining mental equilibrium.

(AD) Over time, the constant demand to filter out irrelevant information leads to the exhaustion of our inhibitory control.

(AE) Urbanization has been linked to a significant increase in the prevalence of mood disorders among city residents.

(BC) They act as a cognitive restorative, inviting the mind to wander in a state of effortless reflection.

(BD) Urban planners are now experimenting with biophilic design, integrating organic patterns and natural light into the very fabric of skyscrapers.

【解析】「現代城市雖然高效率，但對心理健康造成持續負擔。城市中的噪音與視覺刺激不斷消耗我們的注意力資源，而自然環境則能幫助恢復大腦功能。文章探討城市刺激如何造成認知疲勞，以及自然如何帶來修復效果，最後提到未來城市設計的改善方向。」

31 空格解析

前文提到「directed attention 是有限資源」，後文說「當這種情況發生時，人會變得易怒、疲勞」，因此中間應該是「這種注意力被耗盡」。

(AD) Over time, the constant demand to filter out irrelevant information leads to the exhaustion of our inhibitory control.

長期過濾無關資訊會耗盡抑制控制能力（＝注意力耗竭）

→ 完整銜接

(AE) 談情緒疾病，太跳躍

(AB) 是結果句，應放後面

32 前文說自然帶來「soft fascination」，後文說「讓大腦休息」，因此中間應該說「自然具有恢復作用」。

(BC) They act as a cognitive restorative, inviting the mind to wander in a state of effortless reflection.

它們（自然景象）具有認知恢復作用

33前句提到 MRI 研究結果，因此這裡應該是「研究結論」

(AC) These neurological findings suggest that nature is not just a luxury, but a biological necessity for maintaining mental equilibrium.

這些神經研究顯示自然是必要的→ 完美承接研究結果

(AB) 談城市疲勞，不符合此段主題

34 前文說城市刺激強迫注意，後文說「人處於高度警覺」，因此中間應該是「持續認知消耗的結果」

(AB) Consequently, the urban dweller is trapped in a loop of cognitive depletion, where the mind is never truly at rest.

因此城市居民陷入認知耗竭循環→ 完整承接

35 前文說「開始重新思考城市設計」，後文說「創造符合人腦的空間」，因此中間應該是「具體做法」

(BD) Urban planners are now experimenting with biophilic design, integrating organic patterns and natural light into the very fabric of skyscrapers.

都市規劃者開始導入親自然設計→ 完整銜接未來方

31 → AD32 → BC33 → AC34 → AB35 → BD

The working holiday visa (WHV) program has become an increasingly popular option for young adults seeking international exposure, financial independence, and personal growth. By allowing participants to live and work abroad for an extended period, WHV programs are often promoted as a flexible alternative to traditional career paths. Countries such as Australia, Canada, and New Zealand frame these programs as opportunities for cultural exchange while simultaneously addressing labor shortages in seasonal industries.

Despite these promises, the realities of working holidays are often more complex. Many participants find themselves employed in physically demanding or low-skilled positions that bear little relevance to their long-term career aspirations. While these jobs may provide immediate income, they can also create feelings of stagnation, especially for participants who hold university degrees. Moreover, unstable employment conditions and limited labor protections in certain sectors expose participants to financial uncertainty and workplace exploitation.

Nevertheless, supporters argue that the value of a working holiday should not be measured solely by career advancement. Living abroad often requires individuals to navigate unfamiliar social norms, languages, and bureaucratic systems. These experiences foster adaptability, resilience, and cross-cultural communication—skills increasingly valued in a globalized labor market. Participants frequently report that the challenges they face contribute significantly to personal maturity and self-confidence.

However, the benefits of WHV programs are not equally accessible. Rising housing costs in major cities, visa restrictions that limit job mobility, and inadequate access to healthcare can intensify stress and isolation. As a result, the success of a working holiday often depends less on enthusiasm and more on preparation. Careful financial planning, realistic expectations, and awareness of legal rights are crucial for participants hoping to gain lasting benefits rather than short-term frustration.

36. What is the primary purpose of this passage?

(A) To provide a step-by-step guide on how to apply for a working holiday visa.

(B) To argue that working holiday programs are the only way to gain international experience.

(D) To criticize governments for using young travelers to solve national labor shortages.

【解析】這篇文章在討論「打工度假簽證（WHV）」的優缺點。

優點：提供國際經驗、財務獨立、個人成長。

參與者學會適應新文化、語言、社會規範，培養跨文化溝通能力、彈性與韌性。

缺點/挑戰：

很多工作體力消耗大、技能需求低，與長期職業目標無關，尤其是大學生可能感到「停滯」。

工作不穩定，勞動保障有限，容易有財務不安或職場剝削。

生活成本高、簽證限制、醫療資源不足，增加壓力與孤立感。

結論：

打工度假的價值不僅是職業發展，成功與否更取決於事前準備：財務規劃、合理期待、法律權益認識。

36 題

What is the primary purpose of this passage?

(A) 申請打工度假簽證的操作指南→文章不是教你如何申請。

(B) 主張WHV是唯一獲取國際經驗的方法→文章沒有說WHV是唯一途徑。

(D) 批評政府利用年輕人解決勞動力短缺→只是提到部分國家解決勞動力問題，並非主要目的

37. According to the second paragraph, why might university graduates feel “stagnation” during their working holiday?

(A) Because they are unable to find any form of employment in the host country.

(B) Because the work they perform is often physically demanding and unrelated to their professional goals.

(D) Because the cost of living is too high for them to enjoy their stay.

【解析】題目：為何大學生會感到「停滯」？

(A) 找不到工作

(B) 工作勞力大且與職業目標無關

(D) 生活費太高

第二段：「Many participants find themselves employed in physically demanding or low-skilled positions that bear little relevance to their long-term career aspirations. While these jobs may provide immediate income, they can also create feelings of stagnation, especially for participants who hold university degrees.」

直接指出大學生感到停滯是因為工作體力消耗大、與長期職業無關。

38. Which of the following is identified as a “soft skill” that participants can develop through the WHV program?

(A) Advanced technical expertise in seasonal industries.

(B) Professional certification in foreign bureaucratic management.

(D) Financial investment strategies for global markets.

【解析】題目：WHV可以培養哪種「軟技能」？

(A) 季節性產業的高級技術

(B) 外國官僚管理的專業證照

(D) 全球市場投資策略

第三段：「Living abroad often requires individuals to navigate unfamiliar social norms, languages, and bureaucratic systems. These experiences foster adaptability, resilience, and cross-cultural communication—skills increasingly valued in a globalized labor market.」

明確指出跨文化溝通與適應能力是軟技能。

39. The passage mentions all of the following as factors that can make a working holiday difficult EXCEPT:

(A) High costs of accommodation in prominent cities.

(B) Limited access to medical services.

(D) Strict age requirements for visa applicants.

【解析】以下哪一項不是使打工度假困難的因素？

(A) 主要城市高房價

(B) 醫療資源不足

(D) 嚴格的年齡要求

最後段提到困難因素：高房價、簽證限制（job mobility）、醫療不足。

文中沒提到「嚴格年齡要求」。

40. Based on the concluding paragraph, what can be inferred about a “successful” working holiday?

(A) It is guaranteed as long as the participant remains enthusiastic.

(B) It relies heavily on proactive measures like understanding one’s legal rights.

(D) It depends entirely on the participant’s ability to secure a high-paying career.

【解析】成功的打工度假可以推測為何？

(A) 只要熱情就保證成功

(B) 依賴事前準備，如了解法律權益

(D) 完全取決於能否找到高薪工作

結尾段落：「Careful financial planning, realistic expectations, and awareness of legal rights are crucial for participants hoping to gain lasting benefits」

成功與否取決於事前準備，而非單靠熱情或地點。

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