105台南一中教甄英文科試題詳解

1. The old man ______ through the deep snow towards home before sundown.

(A) grudged: 吝嗇、怨恨

(B) grumbled: 抱怨、發牢騷

(C) trudged: 步履艱難地行走(正確答案)

(D) drudged: 做苦工

解析: 關鍵字是 “through the deep snow”。在深雪中行走非常吃力,trudge 專指在泥濘、雪地中或疲憊地「沉重行走」。

2. Old memories ______ in her when she thumbed through the photo album.

(A) woke: 醒來(不及物)

(B) awoke: 喚起、醒來(及物/不及物均可,正確答案)

(C) awakened: 喚醒(及物,過去式為 awakened)

(D) awoke: (重複選項)

解析: 語意為「舊回憶在心中被喚起」。awoke 此處作為不及物動詞,指情感、記憶的甦醒。

3. If three people in four no longer support the government, isn’t it a(n) ______ situation?

(A) untenable: 站不住腳的、難以維持的(正確答案)

(B) unremitting: 不間斷的

(C) nonchalant: 冷淡的

(D) fetid: 惡臭的

解析: 當四分之三的民眾都不支持政府,這個政權的地位是「難以支撐、搖搖欲墜的」,故選 untenable。

4. To Yankees president Randy Levine, Larry Lucchino, his Red Sox counterpart, was a(n) ______ adversary. Neither ever backed down.

(A) grueling: 累人的、折磨人的

(B) flimsy: 脆弱的、薄弱的

(C) opulent: 豐裕的、華麗的

(D) formidable: 強大的、令人敬畏的(正確答案)

解析: 關鍵字 “Neither ever backed down”(誰也不退讓)。能讓對方不退讓的對手必然是非常「強大且難對付的」,故選 formidable。

5. This farming countryside with tall silos and a vast landscape of corn and beans is ______ midwestern.

(A) fretfully: 焦躁地

(B) curvaceously: 曲線美地

(C) surreptitiously: 秘密地

(D) quintessentially: 典型地、精髓地(正確答案)

解析: 這裡描述高聳的筒倉、大片玉米與豆類田,這是美國中西部最「經典、具代表性」的景象,故選 quintessentially。

6. There is considerable ______ about living with an elderly parent. One feels the need to stand by the weakening parent while yearning for freedom of his own.

(A) squirm: 扭動、侷促不安

(B) fabrication: 偽造、捏造

(C) pretension: 矯飾、自命不凡

(D) ambivalence: 矛盾的情緒(正確答案)

解析: 後文描述了兩種衝突的心情:一方面想守候父母,另一方面又渴望自由。這種「愛恨交織」或「同時存在矛盾情感」的狀態即為 ambivalence。

7. Rod played out more rope and ______ descended the rocks, the slope now near-vertical.

(A) gingerly: 小心翼翼地(正確答案)

(B) squeamishly: 易受驚地、神經質地

(C) permanently: 永久地

(D) opaquely: 模糊地、不透明地

解析: 在「近乎垂直」的岩石斜坡下降,必須動作非常謹慎。gingerly 常用於形容動作極其小心。

8. His political position is ______ to ours; thus, he is unlikely to be our ally.

(A) opposed: 相反的、對立的

(B) objective: 客觀的

(C) opposite: 相反的(通常接 to 或作名詞)

(D) optimum: 最優的

解析: 關鍵字 “unlikely to be our ally”(不太可能成為盟友)。這說明立場是「對立的」。

9. These prairies are traversed by ridges, which facilitates irrigation, and are under-laid by an ______ subsoil, which facilitates both effective storage and drainage.

(A) impervious: 不透水的、不能滲透的(正確答案)

(B) impetuous: 魯莽的、衝動的

(C) impudent: 無禮的、魯莽的

(D) incongruous: 不協調的、不一致的

解析: 此題描述地理與灌溉脈絡。在能有效儲水與排水的系統中,地表下通常有一層「不透水層」(impervious subsoil),能防止水分過度流失。

10. Refusing any salary and accepting only the ______ of his expenses, the retired CEO accepted the position only as a duty made imperative by the unanimity of the call.

(A) remittance: 匯款

(B) reimbursement: 補償、費用報銷(正確答案)

(C) remnant: 殘餘物

(D) disbursement: 支付、支出

解析: 退休執行長拒絕薪水,僅接受個人支出的「核銷/補償」,這符合慈善或榮譽職的常見做法。

根據您提供的多張圖片,這篇關於「微生物群(Microbiome)」的克漏字測驗是一篇結構完整的學術性文章。為了方便您閱讀與對照,我將整篇文章整理成完整的中英文對照逐字稿,並將正確答案直接填入空格中。

  Bacteria are pathogenic, responsible for health problems and must be eradicated. For decades, this idea has driven us to take prescription drugs in a way that is excessive and downright harmful. Ironically, (11) were we to destroy “them all,” we would, in the long run, encounter unexpected health conditions. Research has shown that there are possibly 10 times more bacteria within each of us than there are human cells. Incredibly, the total number of genes in the microbiome outnumbers human genes by a (12) factor of at least 200. This means the gut microbiome can change the way our own bodies function.

Maintaining a healthy balance of bacteria then is paramount to our own good health. We are at the dawn of a new understanding that there is (13) a place for everything. Even what was once thought to be the most virulent has some benefits. Bacteria, (14) therefore, are neither good nor bad. Take H-pylori for example. (15) The fact that humans have been colonized by this bacterium for more than 100,000 years suggests some benefits in its presence throughout our evolution. While linked to stomach cancer and gastritis, it is found to possibly play a protective role against GERD, asthma and esophageal disease.

Today 50% of the population worldwide (16) carry H. pylori, most of which never develop disease. In those that do, it is quite likely that bacterial imbalance is (17) to blame, triggering H. pylori to become overgrown, creating symptoms. It is imperative that a person (18) appreciate that our relationship with these beings is ancient and complex. Rather than working from the perspective of destroying them, we should learn to build a healthful bacterial ecosystem where the benefits outweigh the possible problems. (19) Instead, we have to work very closely with the trillions of invisible bacteria within us. Bacteria are our greatest allies. It’s time to treat them (20) accordingly.

細菌是有病原性的,會導致健康問題且必須被根除。幾十年來,這種觀念驅使我們以過度且完全有害的方式服用處方藥。諷刺的是,如果我們真的消滅了所有的細菌,長遠來看,我們反而會遇到意想不到的健康狀況。研究顯示,每個人體內的細菌數量可能是人類細胞的 10 倍。令人驚訝的是,微生物群中的基因總數比人類基因多出至少 200 倍。這意味著腸道微生物群可以改變我們身體運作的方式。

因此,維持細菌的健康平衡對我們的健康至關重要。我們正處於一個新理解的黎明期,即萬物皆有其所。即使是曾經被認為毒性最強的細菌也有其益處。因此,細菌本身並無好壞之分。以幽門螺旋桿菌為例,事實上,人類被這種細菌寄生已超過十萬年,這顯示在我們的演化過程中,它的存在具有某些益處。雖然它與胃癌和胃炎有關,但也被發現可能對胃食道逆流 (GERD)、氣喘和食道疾病具有保護作用。

現今全球 50% 的人口帶有幽門螺旋桿菌,其中大多數人從未發病。而在那些發病的人中,很可能是細菌失衡造成的,導致幽門螺旋桿菌過度生長並產生症狀。一個人體認到我們與這些生物的關係既古老又複雜,是至關重要的。我們不應從消滅它們的角度出發,而應學習建立一個健康的細菌生態系統,讓益處大於可能的問題。相反地,我們必須與體內數萬億的隱形細菌密切合作。細菌是我們最強大的盟友。是時候相應地對待它們了。

11. 選 (C) were

這是與現在事實相反的假設語氣。結構為 If + S + were… , S + would + V。句中提到 …”we” to destroy “them all”, we would…,省略了 If 並將 were 提前,原句為 If we were to destroy them all。

12. 選 (D) factor

outnumbers… by a factor of at least 200 是固定用法,表示「…倍數、…倍」。意指微生物基因的數量至少是人類基因數量的 200 倍。

13. 選 (A) a place

there is a place for everything 是一個慣用語,意指「萬物皆有其所、各有其用」。對應後文提到的,即使是病原菌也有其存在的益處。

14. (A) substantially: 本質上、大幅度地(B) inherently: 天生就、本質上地(正確答案)(C) inconclusively: 非決定性地(D) invariably: 一成不變地結合文章上下文,這裡指細菌「本質上、天生」並無好壞之分。

15.That humans have been colonized by this bacterium for more than 100,000 years suggests some benefits in its presence…

主詞 (Subject): That humans have been colonized by this bacterium for more than 100,000 years

這是一個由連接詞 That 引導的名詞子句。

That 在這裡不具備實質意義(不翻成「那個」),它的功能是把「人類被這種細菌寄生超過十萬年」這整件事變成一個「大主詞」。

動詞 (Verb): suggests (顯示/暗示)因為名詞子句當主詞時,視為單數,所以動詞 suggest 加上了 s

(B) As: 意為「當…時」或「如同」,通常引導副詞子句,後面接逗點與主句,不能直接當作主詞。

(C) Where: 意為「在哪裡」,雖然可以引導名詞子句,但此句語意並非討論地點,而是討論「一個事實」。

(D) What: 意為「什麼」或「…的事物」。What 引導的名詞子句中,What 本身必須在子句裡充當受格或主格。但本句 humans have been colonized by this bacterium... 已經是完整的句子(主動賓結構完整),所以不需要 What,只需要純粹引導事實的 That

That S+V… suggests…

The fact that S+V… suggests…

16. 「患病」的動詞片語

(A) fall victim to: 成為…的受害者

(B) infect with: 感染(通常用被動 be infected with)

(C) contract: 染上(疾病)(正確答案)

(D) come down with: 生病(通常指感冒等輕病)

解析: 針對幽門螺旋桿菌(H. pylori)的寄生或感染,使用 contract 較為正式。

17. (A) called into question: 受到質疑

(B) at the root: 在根源處、根本上(正確答案)

(C) in trouble: 陷入麻煩

(D) taking effects: 見效、起作用

18.(A) recalls: 回想

(B) remembers: 記得

(C) retain: 保留、記住

(D) bear in mind: 牢記、記住(正確答案)

解析: 筆記寫到「牢記」。bear in mind 指的是在思考或做決定時,將某個事實放在心上。

19. (A) On good terms: 關係良好

(B) To this end: 為了這個目的  指為了建立健康的細菌生態系統這個目的。

(C) In a sense: 在某種意義上

(D) On the whole: 整體而言

20. (A) ins and outs: 詳情、底細(B) in the way: 擋路(C) in the first place: 首先、起初(D) as such: 就以此身分、因此(正確答案)

在此脈絡下,as such 指的是「既然細菌是盟友,就應以盟友的身分來對待它們」。

當句子出現 It is imperative/essential/important that… 時,後面的子句必須使用 (should) + 原形動詞。

It + be + adj. + that + S + (should) + V_{base form

這就是為什麼第 18 題雖然主詞是 a person (單數),但動詞不能加 s,必須使用原形。

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