助動詞總整理 shall should

作者:

shall用法

表禁止、命令、必須。

You shall do as I say. He shall be punished.

(你應該依照我所說的做。他應該被處罰。)

用於第一人稱或第三人稱疑問句，表徵求對方的意見。

Shall I answer the telephone for you? = Do you want me to answer…?(我需要幫你接電話嗎?)

Shall I make the bed for you? 我需要幫你鋪床嗎?

表邀請

Shall we dance? 我們一起跳舞吧!

should用法

表義務和必然(obligation =ought to )

You should finish your work on time.(你應該準時完成工作)

They shouldn’t lie to you. (他們不該對你說謊)

在名詞子句中表感情，說話者認為有「應該如此」或「難以相信」等意思。

It is surprising that Tim should lose the game.

(Tim 竟然輸了，真是令人驚訝。)

用於假設法未來式的I子句中,作「萬一」解。

If you should change your mind, please let us know.

(如果你改變心意，請讓我知道。)

should have +p.p.”表「過去應該做而未做」

You should have passed the exam, but you didn’t.

(你應該已經通過考試，但你沒有。)

will 用法

表意願(willingness)

Will you have another cup of coffee ? 你想要再來一杯咖啡嗎?

表預測

The game will be finished by now.目前為止比賽應該已經結束了。

would用法

表意願(willingness)

Would you excuse me?[比will 客氣〕

表過去不規則的習慣(used to)

Sometimes the boys would play a trick on their teacher.

would that = I wish that 表所望、決心或意向

Would that I were young again.

(真希望我可以再年經一次)→與現在事實相反，使用過去式。

Would that I knew the answer.(真希望我知道答案。)

would (should) like to +V 想要…

Would you like~?表請客之意Would you like to have lunch with me ?

He would like to go biking with Helen.(他想要與Helen一起去騎腳踏車)

助動詞片語

will=be going to  將會

can=be able to 能夠

must= have to 必需

should=ought to    應該

may/might=be likely to 可能 

She is likely to come tonight.(她今天可能會來)

You have to go to school on time. 你務必準時到學校。

但助動詞片語 則是使用 to VR

Students ought to study hard.

如果有兩個助動詞同時出現時，必須一個使用助動詞一個使用助動詞片語。助動詞不能同時出現於同一句子中

We must be able to handle such difficult problems. (我們必須能夠處理如此困難的問題)

had better +原形動詞 最好

(had並非為過去式時態，為助動詞)

否定式為had better not+原形動詞, had[ would) rather not+原形動詞

You had better not smoke. 你最好不要抽菸。

I would rather not dance. 我比較不喜歡跳舞。

He would rather drink milk than soy milk.

他比較喜歡喝牛奶不喜歡喝豆漿。

He would rather not drink soy milk. He likes to drink milk.

( had better have+p.p.表過去時間的最好)

You had better have gone with Jerry. 你最好和Jerry一起去。→實際上沒有去。

You’d better have finished the project.你最好已經完成企劃。

would rather that 表願望的假設法

I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 我但願他明天來而不是今天。

I would rather that you passed the exam now. 我多希望你現在就通過考試。→現在並沒有通過考試。

be about to (強調很快就要做某件事)

be apt to(易於……的)

be bound to(必定)

had best (最好)

The children may be about to go to bed now.小孩即將要上床睡覺了。

be supposed to應該(= be expected to ; be required to )

You supposed to do it right away. (你最好現在馬上做。)

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