助動詞總整理can may用法

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助動詞can用法

表能力(ability)

(=be able to, be capable of, know how to )

He can speak English but he can’t write it very well.

(他能夠說英語，但是他無法書寫的好。)We can play the piano. (我們會彈鋼琴。)

Tim can do a good job of fixing the broken lamp.

(Tim 能夠把壞掉的燈泡修好。)

表許可(permission)

(=be allowed to, be permitted to)

Can[May] I smoke in here ? (= Am I allowed to smoke in here? )

我可以在這裡抽菸嗎?

Can I stay here until my father comes?

(我可以待在這裡直到我父親來嗎?)

表推想的可能(theoretical possibility)

The road can be blocked. (= It is possible to block the road.)

could 用法

can的過去式

I could never play the guitar. (我以前從不會談吉他)

I couldn’t write in English before. (我以前無法用英文寫字。)

表客氣的請求

Could I stand here? 我可以站在這裡嗎? ( could 比 can或may 更有禮貌。)

could have p.p.表對「過去能做而未做的事」感到惋惜、遺憾。

I could have passed, but I did not study.

(我可以通過考試的，但是我沒有讀書。)→我如果有讀書我會通過考試。(與過去事實相反)

I could have become a millionaire if I had won the lottery. (如果我有贏得樂透，我就會成為百萬富翁。)→過去沒有中樂透，所以也沒有成為百萬富翁。

may用法

表許可(permission):(=be allowed to)

You may hang out with your friend at the park. (你可以和你朋友去公園玩。)

You may go out for dinner with Jim. (你可以和Jim一起去吃晚餐。)

表可能(possibility)

The road may be blocked. ( = It is possible that the road is blocked.)

may have +p.p.”表對過去的推測

He may have seen me last night.他或許昨晚有看到我。

May I help you? 需要我為你服務嗎?→用於服務生。

might用法

may的過去式

The weather forecast says it is going to clear up soon.

氣象報導天氣即將轉晴。

表許可(permission)

Might I smoke in here ?

表可能(possibility),但may比might的可能性大一點。

We might go to Japan this summer. 我們可能今年暑假會去日本。

What you say might be true. 你說的可能是事實。

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