現在完成式時態用法
1.表示過去某時間到目前為止的經驗(有無經驗皆可)
2.指過去到目前為止某動作已完成或未完成
現在完成式文法句型
| 主詞 | have has | p.p. | for + 一段時間 since + 過去時間 /一段時間+ ago since + S + V-ed… so far |
基本句型: have/has +p.p. (過去分詞) →have/has 依人稱做變化,have/has 為助動詞
肯定句: S+ have/has +p.p. Mary has washed the dishes. (Mary 已經洗了碗盤)
否定句: S+ have/has +not +p.p. They haven’t done their homework. (他們還沒寫作業)
疑問句: Have/Has +S +p.p. ..? Have you cut the apple? (你蘋果切好了沒?)
※cut 為三態同型
答句: 肯定簡答: Yes, I have. 否定簡答: No, I haven’t.
Wh-疑問句:Where have you been these days? (這幾天你一直在哪裡?)
答句:依事實回答 I have been in London for a week. (我在倫敦一週)
表示「已經完成」或「尚未完成」的動作
| 副詞 | 使用時機 | 位置 | 例句 |
| already 已經 | 肯定句 | 助動詞之後,p.p之前,或句尾 | I have already written a letter to my grandmother. I have written a letter to my grandmother already. (我已經寫信給我奶奶了) |
| just 剛剛 | 肯定句 | 助動詞與p.p.之間 | Mike has just eaten his breakfast. (Mike 剛剛吃完了他的早餐) |
| yet 尚未 | 疑問句或否定句 | have/has之後,p.p.之前 | Kate hasn’t read the book yet. (Kate 還沒讀過那本書) Have they taken the garbage out yet? (他們垃圾拿去丟了沒?) |
用來描述剛剛結束的事,對現在有影響。常搭配 just, already, yet 等副詞
He has just finished his homework.
他剛做完作業。
I have already eaten lunch.
我已經吃過午餐了。
Have you finished your report yet?
你報告做好了嗎?
表示「曾經有過」或「尚未有過」的經驗
| 副詞 | 使用時機 | 位置 | 例句 |
| never 從不;從未 | 直述句(不可用於否定句,本身為否定意味 | 助動之後,p.p.之前 | I have never made a card for my teacher. (我從來沒有製作卡片給我老師) |
| ever 曾經 | 疑問句 | 助動之後,p.p.之前 | Has Cindy ever heard of ”pokemon go” ? (Cindy 有聽說過寶可夢嗎? |
| once 一次 twice 二次 theree times 三次 … | 直述句 | 句尾 | I have been to Taipei twice. (我曾經去過台北兩次) |
描述過去的經驗(未提及具體時間)
用來說明一個人「曾經」有某種經歷,不指明發生的時間。
She has never tried sushi before.
她從來沒吃過壽司。
I have been to Japan twice.
我去過日本兩次。
如果有明確過去的時間點(如 yesterday, last year, in 2010),不能用現在完成式,要用過去式。
so far 目前為止 直述句 句尾 I have seen you twice so far.
has/have been to 與has/have gone to 差異
have/has +been to +地方 → 表示經驗,「曾經去過某地方,現在不在那裡」
Ex. I have been to Japan. (人現在不在日本,表示去過日本)
have/has +gone to +地方 → 表示動作的完成,「已經去了」
Ex. She has gone to Japan. (人現在在日本,已經去了) 本文法主詞限為第三人稱
have/has +been in+地方 → 表示一直待在某地
Ex. They have been in Japan. (人一直待在日本)
使用現在完成式詢問某人做某件事的經驗
使用How long 與 How many times 來
How long →用來詢問動作的「時間長度」→多久
How long have you lived in Taipei ? (你居住在台北多久了?)
I have lived in Taipei for five years.(我居住在台北已經五年了)
I have lived in Taipei since I was ten. (我居住在台北自從我10歲)
How many times → 用來詢問該動作的「經驗次數」→多少次
How many times have you been to Japan? (你已經去過日本幾次了?)
I have been to Japan five times. (我幾經去日本五次了)
★表示從以前持續到現在的動作,常用for或since 表示時間的長短
for+一段時間
since +完整句子(過去式) I was a student.
過去式時間點(動作發生的起始時間) last year /yesterday
年代 2015
現在完成式文法練習題
( )1.Fiona is an American, but has lived in Canada ______ ten years.
(A) in(B) since(C) for(D) before C
( )2.A: Have you ______ been to a soccer game?
B: No. But I would like to go next month. B
(A) just(B) ever(C) yet(D) then
( )3.I don’t want to see that show again because I ______ it twice. C
(A) sees (B) will see(C) have seen (D) has seen
( )4.A: I haven’t seen Paul ______ last Saturday. Where’s he? B: I have no idea. D
(A) before(B) for(C) already(D) since
( )5.Jack and I have known each other ______ twenty years. We are old friends. B
(A) in(B) for(C) since(D) ago
( )6.Ian ______ to Japan before. He loves the food there. D
(A) have gone(B) have been(C) has gone(D) has been
( )7.Mr. Wang has taught in our school ______. A
(A) for ten years(B) in 2008(C) in two years(D) three years ago
( )8.Victor ______ to London many times and now he is there for business. D
(A) goes(B) is going (C) went (D) has been
( )9.Mary ______ in Taipei for ten years. C
(A) is lived(B) has living (C) has lived (D) has been lived
( )10.Laura ______ been to New York ______. B
(A) have; once(B) has; once(C) have; before(D) has; never
( )11.A: ______ Danny seen a motorcycle race before? B: No, he ______. A
(A) Has; hasn’t(B) Have; haven’t(C) Did; didn’t (D) Does; doesn’t
( ) 12 .Alex: Why are you still here? It’s already eight o’clock. C
T om: Because I _____ my work. Don’t worry. It’s almost done.
(A) wasn’t finishing(B) wouldn’t finish(C) haven’t finished(D) won’t finish
( )13.I ______ the book yet. Please don’t take it away. D
(A) wasn’t reading (B) won’t read (C) don’t read (D) haven’t read
( ) 14. Helen is hungry. She _______ eaten anything since last night. C
(A) doesn’t(B) didn’t (C) hasn’t(D) won’t
( )15..A: Would you like a cup of coffee? A
B: No, thanks. I ______ three cups so far. I can’t drink any more.
(A) have drunk(B) drink (C) drank (D) am drinking
( )16.A: Robert ______. We need to hurry up. C
B: No problem. I’ll be ready very soon.
(A) have arrived(B) arrive (C) has arrived (D) was arriving
( )17.Flora and Bob ______ yet. Where are they? B
(A) come home(B) haven’t come home (C) came home (D) hasn’t come home
( )18.I don’t want to see this movie, because I have ______ it several times. C
(A) watch(B) watching(C) watched(D) to watch
( )19.A: Have you ______ your dinner? B: Yes, we ______. A
(A) had; have(B) had; had(C) have; have(D) have; had
( C )20.Phoebe ______ some cakes. Let’s have some. They’re delicious.
(A) baking(B) bake(C) have baked(D) has baked
( C ) 21. Have you ________ your own house? (A) build(B) builds(C) built(D) building
( D ) 22.Many of my classmates have had the experience of taking an airplane, but I ______ (A) don’t (B) wasn’t (C) won’t (D) haven’t
( ) 23.Ryan: Would you like to play tennis with me? C
Dara: No, thanks. _____it for three hours already. I’m tired now.【94-2-16】
(A) I play(B) I’m playing(C) I’ve played(D) I’ll play
( ) 24.Tina is getting married to a man she has known only ______ a month.【94-1-10】 A
(A) for(B) in(C) on(D) since
Ever since they _______ the new recycling program, the amount of waste generated by the office has significantly decreased.
(A) implement (B) implemented (C) have implemented (D) implementing
Ans:B
Emily Chang has consistently earned high grades _____ she enrolled in the honors program two years ago.
(A) unless (B) if (C) since (D) during
Ans: C (114台南國小教甄第14題)
Mouly _____ one of the conductors of the New Yorker orchestra since 1993, selecting the cover that week after week lends the magazine its unique identity.
(A) is (B) was(C) being(D) has been
Ans: D (114 桃園市立平鎮高中教師甄選筆試試題﹕英文科)
- am is are was were 與do does did done
- 現在簡單式─第三人稱單數
- 現在進行式文法
- do does 英文文法
- 頻率副詞文法 always usually often sometimes seldom never
- How often詢問頻率 多常做某事
- 過去式BE動詞was were文法句型
- 過去式動詞變化規則與發音
- 過去式文法句型
- 過去進行式英文文法
- 未來式 Will & be going to
- 現在完成式文法
- 過去完成式 英文文法
- 過去完成進行式
- 未來完成進行式 will have been ving by the time
- 英文文法時態總整理
- 英文動詞三態變化記憶口訣