最高級文法定義
「形容詞最高級」是用來比較三個或三個以上的人、事或物。
The cat is the cutest of all his pets.(那隻貓是他所有寵物中最可愛的。)
The car is the most expensive of all the cars in the shop.
(那輛車是店裡所有的車中最昂貴的。)
The woman is the eldest in the party. 那女人是派對中最年長的。
The shoes are the cheapest of all in the market. 那雙鞋是市場中最便宜的。
形容詞最高級的形成
形容詞最高級規則變化
規則 | 原級形容詞 | 最高級形容詞 | |
單音節 | 字尾直接加 -est | long(長的) | longest |
字尾為不發音e,直接加 -st | nice(好的) | nicest | |
字尾為「短母音+單子音」,重複字尾子音字母再加 -est | big(大的) | biggest | |
字尾為「子音+y」,去字尾 -y 加 -iest | dry(乾的) busy(忙碌的) | driest busiest | |
雙音節 | 直接在形容詞前加most | handsome(英俊的) | most handsome |
多音節 | 三個音節以上,在形容詞前加most | beautiful(美麗的) | most beautiful |
形容詞最高級不規則變化
有些形容詞變成最高級時,會連原來的樣子都改變,稱為不規則變化,這些形容詞須熟記。
good → best little → least bad → worst many / much → most
far → farthest / furthest old → oldest / eldest
雙音節形容詞
字尾直接加 -est ,也可在字前加 most 來形成最高級。
quiet → quietest / most quiet
polite → politest / most polite
simple → simplest / most simple
common → commonest / most common
eldest 用在指家庭關係中兄、姐、長子、長女等關係,且用在名詞之前
eldest / oldest brother(長兄) eldest / oldest son(長子)
→ 使用比較級elder / older時,表示家中有兩個兒子或女兒;使用最高級eldest / oldest時,表示家中有三個或三個以上的兒子或女兒。
late的最高級latest意為「最遲的、最新的」,表示時間上較近發生的。而last解釋為「最後面的」,表示在順序上最後面的。
December is the last month of a year.(十二月是一年的最後一個月。)
farthest 與 furthest 在最高級中,若指的是實際距離上的「最遠」,意思相同: farthest / furthest market (最遠的市場)→ farthest / furthest 為形容詞
jump the farthest / jump the furthest (跳得最遠)→ farthest / furthest 為副詞
最高級文法
1. 基本句型:「名詞+be動詞+the+形容詞最高級(+名詞)+介系詞片語.」。
(1) 做比較時,通常會有指定的對象或範圍,故會在形容詞最高級之前加上 the,以點出對象 或範圍內「最……」的那一個。
(2)「系詞片語」通常是要用來做比較的「指定對象或範圍」。
(3) 若比較的對象明確,形容詞最高級後面的名詞可以省略。
Amy is the tallest (student) in her class.(Amy是她班上身高最高的學生。) → 因為比較特質(身高)與對象(同一個班上的學生)明確,所以student可省略。
The blue pen is the cheapest of the three.(這枝藍色原子筆是三枝筆中最便宜的。)→ 因為比較對象(pen)明確,而且主詞中已經有pen,所以最高級形容詞後面的名詞pen省略,以避免重複。
最高級文法翻譯練習題
1. 這部電影是所有電影中最有趣的。 The movie is the most interesting of all.
2. 我是那四個人當中最高的。 I am the tallest of the four.
3.這首歌曲是今年最流行的。 This song is the most popular of the year.
4. 她是這五個女孩中難過的。 She is the saddest girl of the five.
5. Lily 是所有人當中最幸運的。 Lily is the luckiest of all.
6.他是這支棒球隊當中最壯的球員。
He is the strongest player on the baseball team.
8.Hank 是表演中最帥的歌手。 Hank is the most handsome singer in the show.
9.螞蟻是所有(昆蟲)當中最忙碌的。 Ants are the busiest of all.
比較級與最高級的互換句型
「名詞+be 動詞+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+介系詞片語.」
→「名詞+be動詞+形容詞比較級+than+any other+單數名詞+介系詞片語.」(排除自己)
→「名詞+be動詞+形容詞比較級+than+all the other+複數名詞+介系詞片語.」
※ 三個句型的主要意思雷同。
(1) Tina is the thinnest girl in my class.(Tina是我班上最瘦的女孩。)
→ Tina is thinner than any other girl in my class.(Tina比我班上任何一個女孩還瘦。)
→ Tina is thinner than all the other girls in my class.(Tina比我班上所有其他女孩還瘦。)
※ 三句都表示「Tina是我班上最瘦的女孩」。
(2) The smartphone is the cheapest in the store.(這支智慧型手機是店裡最便宜的。)
→ The smartphone is cheaper than any other smartphone in the store.
(這支智慧型手機比店裡任何一支手機便宜。)
→ The smartphone is cheaper than all the other smartphones in the store.
(這支智慧型手機比店裡的其他手機還便宜。。)
※ 三句都表示「這台智慧型手機是店內最便宜的」。
與最高級並用的慣用語
by far(顯然;非常地)
The turtle is by far the oldest animal in the zoo.
(那烏龜顯然是動物園中年紀最大的動物。)
最高級文法選擇題
( A ) 1. Mr.Chen just won the lottery(中樂透)! He is the ___________ man in the world.
(A) luckiest (B) luckily (C) luckier (D) lucky
( D ) 2. Nancy is ________player on the school baseball team.
(A) good (B)better (C) a best (D) the best
( C ) 3. Kevin studies five subjects at school. Math is _________ subject for him.
(A) difficult (B) most difficult (C) the most difficult (D) the more difficult
( B ) 4. _________ is the longest river in the world?
(A) Where (B) What (C)Who (D) How
( A ) 5. February is shorter than __________ of the year.
(A) any other month (B) any months (C) all months (D) all other month
( C ) 6. Snow White is _________ girl in the story.
(A) most beautiful (B) beautiful (C) the most beautiful (D) more beautiful
( A ) 7. Playing badminton is __________of all the sports. I play badminton every day.
(A) the most interesting (B) most interesting
(C) more interesting (D) interesting
( D ) 8. Winter is__________ season of a year. You need to wear more clothes when it comes.
(A) cold (B) coldest (C) colder (D) the coldest
( C ) 9. Stephen Chow is _______of all the actors. When I watch his movies, I feel very happy.
(A) funny (B) funniest (C) the funniest (D) funnier
( A ) 10. Ron: Hi, Jack. Why do you look sad?
Jack: The test this morning was very __________. I failed it.
(A) difficult (B) more difficult (C) most difficult (D) the difficult
( C ) 11. Koalas are the _______in the zoo, but people still love them very much.
(A) lazy (B) lazier (C) laziest (D) most lazy
( D ) 12. Amanda: Who is_________of all the actors in the TV program?
Ted: Jackie Chan. Almost everyone knows about him.
(A) famous (B) very famous (C) most famous (D) the most famous
( C ) 13. Hualien City isn’t the biggest city in Taiwan, but it is the most beautiful_________ in Taiwan.
(A) of city (B) of all cities (C) of all the cities (D) in every city
( B ) 14. The movie is _______. All of my friends went to see it.
(A) the popular (B) very popular (C) most popular (D) more popular
( D ) 15. Jack: These five dogs are cute. Miranda: I like _______ one. Can I feed it?
(A) small (B) smaller (C) smallest (D) the smallest
( B ) 16. John is ____________ than his brother because he exercises every day.
(A) healthy (B) healthier (C) healthiest (D) the healthiest
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