準關係代名詞but
含有否定意味，相當於”that …. not”，先行的主要子句中常帶有否定語。
句型:no…..but＋V…..（沒有…..不…..）
There is no mother but loves her own children.
＝There is no mother that does not love her own children.
（沒有不愛自己子女的母親。）
but為關係代名詞，當「不」講，與否定字連用，（如no, not, never,little…..）,且but相當於“that…..not”。
but也是「代名詞」，代替“mother”作為“love”的主詞。
There is no rule but has exceptions.
（沒有規則沒有例外。）
= There is no rule that does not have exceptions.
In our class, there is no one but hopes to go to college.
（我們班沒有人不希望進大學。）
There is no one but likes to be praised.
（沒有一個人不喜歡被稱讚。）
= There is no one that does not like to be praised.
Not a day passes but I think of you.（沒有一天我不想你。）
= Not a day passes that I do not think of you.
He never says anything but annoys people.（他講的話沒有一句不讓人生氣。）
= He never says anything that does not annoy people.
There is no student but hopes to pass the exam.（沒有學生不希望通過考試。）
= There is no student that does not hope to pass the exam.
準關係代名詞 the same as
such + 名詞 + as + 不完整子句（用於表示「像…這樣的」）
the same + 名詞 + as + 不完整子句（用於表示「與…相同的」）
This is the same watch as I lost.（這錶與我遺失的是同一款式。）
先行詞如果含有“as, such, the same”時，後面的關係代名詞用as。
such∼as（像…..這種）
The same…..that（同一個）→指只有一人／物
The same…..as（同樣的）→指相似二人／物
as的先行詞也可以指前面或後面的一整句
As we know, he is nice.（誠如我們所知，他人不錯。）
I helped him, as was my duty.(我幫助他是我的責任)
Let children read such books as will make them better and wise.
（讓孩子們讀點使他們更好、更聰明的書。）
This is the same dress as she wore yesterday.（這是她昨天穿的同款洋裝。）
Such people as work hard will succeed.（努力工作的人會成功。）
= People who work hard will succeed.
Let children read such books as will make them better and wise.
（讓孩子們讀點使他們更好、更聰明的書。）
He gave such advice as helped me a lot.（他給的建議幫助了我很多。）
This is the same car as she bought last year.（這是她去年買的同款車。）
Such people as work hard will succeed.（努力工作的人會成功。）
= People who work hard will succeed.
She wore the same dress as she did at the party last week.
（她穿著跟上週派對時一樣的洋裝。）
I want to hear such music as can relax me.（我想聽一些能讓我放鬆的音樂。）
I will give you the same advice as I gave your brother.
（我會給你和你哥哥相同的建議。）
比較級…..than＋V…..（比…..更…..）
Don’t give children more money than is needed.（不要給孩子多於他們所需要的錢。）
先行詞前面如有「比較級」，關係代名詞，只能用“than”。
than為關係代名詞，當is的主格，此句決不可在is之前加it。
My husband has more money than I am.
As a result, there are more products than are required.
（結果產品供過於求。）
= As a result, there are more products than are needed.
He spent more money than he could afford.（他花的錢比他能負擔的還多。）
The project is more complex than was expected.（這個專案比預期的還要複雜。）
He spent more money than he could afford.
（他花的錢比他能負擔的還多。）
The test was more difficult than was expected.（這場考試比預期的還難。）
He knows more about this topic than is generally known.
（他對這個話題的了解超過一般人的認知。）
She is taller than I thought.（她比我想像的還高。）
He has made more progress than was expected.（他的進步超出預期。）
The problem is more serious than we imagined.
（這個問題比我們想像的還嚴重。）
This novel is more interesting than was reviewed in the magazine.
（這本小說比雜誌評論中說的還有趣。）
than as but 準關代差異
| 關係代名詞 | 主要用法 | 例句 |
|---|
| but | 用在否定詞後，表示「沒有…不…」 | There is no one but hopes to succeed. |
| as | 用在 such 或 the same 後，表示「像…這樣的」 | I did the same mistake as you. |
| than | 用在比較級後，省略部分比較對象 | This car is more expensive than was expected. |
than as but 準關代練習題
There is no one _______ wants to succeed.
(A) but (B) as (C) than
She bought the same dress _______ her sister had.
(A) but (B) as (C) than
This problem is more difficult _______ I thought.
(A) but(B) as(C) than
He made such mistakes _______ surprised everyone.
(A) but(B) as (C) than
答案：ABCB
There is no one _______ wants to be happy.
(A) but (B) as (C) than
This is the same laptop _______ he used to have.
(A) but (B) as (C) than
The job is more difficult _______ I had imagined.
(A) but (B) as (C) than
Such people _______ respect others will be respected.
(A) but (B) as (C) than
He never says anything _______ annoys his friends.
(A) but (B) as (C) than
Ans:ABCBA