when before after從屬連接詞定義
- 用來連接兩個子句:引導副詞子句(從屬子句)，連接主要子句(獨立子句)
- 副詞子句必須依附主要子句，不能單獨存在。
- 副詞子句在前，主要子句在後，兩個句子中間必須加上逗號。
When 用法 (當…的時候)
主要子句 + when + 副詞子句.＝ When + 副詞子句, 主要子句.
When she has money, she likes to buy books.
當她有錢的時候，她喜歡買書。
I said hi to him when I saw him.＝When I saw him, I said hi to him.
當我看見他的時候，我對他說了聲嗨。
表示現在的習慣或狀態
主要子句 + when + 副詞子句.
現在簡單式 現在簡單式
Peter likes to go jogging when he is free. 當Peter有空的時候，他喜歡去慢跑。
表示未來會發生的事
主要子句 + when + 副詞子句.
未來式/祈使句 現在簡單式
I will give you a gift when you come here tomorrow. 當你明天來的時候，我將會給你一個禮物。
Be careful when you walk on the street at night. 當你夜晚走在街頭的時候，要小心。
表示過去發生的事情
主要子句+when+副詞子句.
過去簡單式(瞬間動詞) +when+ 過去簡單式 (瞬間動詞)
Sam went outside when he heard Tina screaming. 當Sam聽到Tine尖叫時，他跑到外面去。
過去進行式(持續性動作) +when+ 過去簡單式(瞬間動作)
When I got home, my father was watching TV. 當我回家時，我父親正在看電視。
My mom was cooking dinner when Vivian rang the doorbell. 當Vivian按門鈴時，我媽媽在煮晚餐。
When the teacher went into the classroom, the students were studying.
當老師走進教室時，學生正在讀書。
What were you doing when I got home? 當我回家時你正在做什麼?
Before 文法句型
Before 後發生的動作, 先發生的動作。=先發生的動作 before 後發生的動作。
Before I do the dishes, I mop the floor.
=I mop the floor before I do the dishes. 在我洗碗之前，我拖地。
有連接詞的句子要先翻譯，有before的那句為附屬子句，拖地那句為主要子句。
before後面連接後發生的事件，主要子句連接先發生的事件。
Before Lily goes to bed, she brushes her teeth.
= Lily brushes her teeth before she goes to bed. 麗麗睡覺之前先刷牙。
after 文法句型
After 先發生的事件,後發生的事件。=後發生的事件 after 先發生的事件。
After I took out the garbage, I went shopping.=I went shopping after I took out the garbage.
我丟完垃圾後，我去購物。
After Mary finished the project, she went to the bed.=Mary went to the bed after she finished the project. 瑪莉完成計畫後她上床睡覺。
表示未來會發生的事
主要子句 + after / before + 副詞子句.
未來式/祈使句 現在簡單式
I will give you a gift after you come here tomorrow.
在你明天來後，我將會給你一個禮物。
Before you have dinner, wash your hands. 在你吃晚餐前，先洗洗手。
表示過去發生的事
主要子句 + after / before + 副詞子句.
過去簡單式 過去簡單式
Tony had a big dinner with his family before he went to England.
= Before Tony went to England, he had a big dinner with his family.
在Tony去英國之前，他和他的家人吃了頓大餐。
表示現在的習慣或狀態
主要子句 + after / before + 副詞子句.
現在簡單式 現在簡單式
He watches TV after he finishes his work every night.
= After he finishes his work every night, he watches TV.
每天晚上，在他完成工作之後，他會看電視。
She brushes her teeth before she goes to bed.
= Before she goes to bed, she brushes her teeth.
她在上床睡覺之前會刷牙。
before after 互換
主要子句 + after / before + 副詞子句.＝After / Before + 副詞子句, 主要子句.
After he eats breakfast, he goes to work. 在他吃早餐之後，他去上班。
=He goes to work after he eats breakfast.
=Before he goes to work, he eats breakfast.
=He eats breakfast before he goes to work.
Before和After當介系詞用法
1. Before和After後面接名詞(n)
He studies very hard before the test this time. (這次考試之前，他非常認真唸書)
He bought many snacks before the field trip.遠足前，他買了很多零嘴
When Before After後接動名詞(Ving)
Before和After所引導從屬子句，如果主詞與主要子句相同時，去除從屬子句的主詞並將動詞改為動名詞。
After she ate dinner, she watched TV.
= After eating dinner, she watched TV.吃完晚餐後，她看電視
After she played the violin, she played basketball.
= After playing the violin, she played basketball.彈完小提琴後，她打籃球
Before she took the tests, she studied hard.
= Before taking the tests, she studied hard.參加考試前，她用功唸書
Before you cook the vegetables, you must wash them.
= Before cooking the vegetables, you must wash them.在烹煮蔬菜前，你必須先洗一洗
When I watch TV , I usually have some popcorn.
= When watching TV, I usually have some popcorn.當看電視時，我常常吃爆米花
When I do the sports, I like to wear sneakers.
= When doing the sports, I like to wear sneakers. 當運動時，我喜歡穿運動鞋
when before after 練習題
1.當他正在等待援救時，一名男子經過。
While he was waiting for help, a man passed by.
2. 當Mary跌倒時，她哭了。
Mary cried when she fell down.
3. 當Jerry站起來時，Sherry正在喝水。
When Jerry stood up, Sherry was drinking water.
4. 孩子們看見彼此時非常地快樂。
The children were very happy when they saw each other.
＝When the children saw each other, they were very happy.
5.當我上公車時，Cindy 正在看報紙。
When I got on the bus, Cindy was reading the newspaper.= Cindy was reading the newspaper when I got on the bus.
( D ) 1. Every child was surprised when they ________ Santa.
(A) see (B) seeing (C) sees (D) saw
( D ) 2. When my mom came home, I ________ my homework.
(A) am doing (B) did (C) to do (D) was doing
( A ) 3. Little John cried when he ________ his left knee.
(A) hurt (B) hurts (C) hurting (D) to hurt
( A )4. When Mike __________ the kitchen, Mom was cooking dinner.
(A) entered (B) was entering (C) enters (D) entering
- Because/so/because of 用法
- When 與while使用差別
- when before after從屬連接詞
- neither…nor/either..or…/not only…but(also)
- As soon as /Once/ On+ v-ing/ Hardly when 一~就~文法
- although /Much as/ Despite 雖然…但是…文法句型
- No matter 不論… 文法
- 英語表達連接、轉折、舉例、總結的用語
- 對等連接詞 相關連接詞
- 英文連接詞總整理