115 國立陽明交大附中教甄英文科試題

The unexpected discovery of ancient ruins seemed to ______ the entire archaeological team, who immediately intensified their excavation efforts.

(A) depreciate(B) restrain(C) mollify(D) galvanize

【解析】句意為:「古代遺址的意外發現似乎_______了整個考古團隊,他們立即加強了挖掘工作。」

語境顯示「意外的發現」對團隊產生了強大的激勵作用,使他們隨後採取了「加強(intensified)」的行動。因此,空格應填入具有「激勵、使振奮」含義的動詞,故正確答案為: (D) galvanize 激起;使振奮;激勵

(A) depreciate 貶值;輕視

assets depreciate(資產貶值)、depreciate someone’s efforts(輕視某人的努力)

New cars start to depreciate the moment they are driven off the lot. (新車從開出停車場的那一刻起就開始貶值。)

同義詞: devalue, disparage反義詞: appreciate, value

(B) restrain 抑制;克制

restrain oneself from…(克制某人不做…)、restrain growth(抑制成長)

He had to restrain his anger during the meeting. (他在會議中必須克制自己的憤怒。)

同義詞: restrict, curb反義詞: release, encourage

(C) mollify 撫慰;使平靜

mollify one’s anger(平息某人的怒氣)、mollify the public(安撫公眾)

The company offered a full refund to mollify the angry customer. (公司提供全額退款以安撫憤怒的顧客。)

同義詞: appease, soothe反義詞: aggravate, enrage

(D) galvanize 激起;使振奮;激勵

galvanize someone into action(激勵某人採取行動)、galvanize support(激發支持)

The captain’s speech served to galvanize the team for the final match. (隊長的演講激勵了全隊迎接決賽。)

同義詞: inspire, stimulate反義詞: discourage, dissuade

The prisoner was ______ even though he presented evidence clearly proving that he was nowhere near the scene of the crime.

(A) indicted(B) exculpated(C) exhumed(D) rescinded

【解析】句意為「這名囚犯被_______,儘管他提出了清楚的證據證明案發時他根本不在犯罪現場。」

語境中使用了 even though(儘管) 作為轉折,後半句提到他有「不在場證明(proving he was nowhere near the scene)」,按理說應該無罪,但前面的轉折語氣顯示他仍然受到了「不利的法律處置」。因此,空格應填入「起訴」或「控告」,故正確答案為: (A) indicted 起訴;控告

(A) indicted 起訴;控告

be indicted for murder(因謀殺罪被起訴)、indict someone on charges of…(以…罪名起訴某人)

The grand jury indicted the politician on multiple counts of corruption. (大陪審團以多項貪汙罪名起訴了這位政治家。)

同義詞: accuse, charge, arraign反義詞: acquit, exonerate

(B) exculpated 使無罪;洗清罪嫌

exculpated from a crime(洗清罪名)、evidence that exculpates(能證明無罪的證據)

The new DNA evidence exculpated the man who had been in prison for ten years. (新的 DNA 證據洗清了那名坐了十年牢的男子的罪嫌。)

同義詞: exonerate, absolve, vindicate反義詞: convict, incriminate

(C) exhumed 掘出(屍體以供檢驗)

•       exhume a body(挖掘屍體)、exhume the past(挖掘過去的事蹟)

•       The police obtained a court order to exhume the body for further forensic testing. (警方取得法院命令,挖掘屍體以進行進一步的法醫鑑定。)

•       同義詞: disinter, unearth反義詞: bury, inter

(D) rescinded 撤銷;廢止(法律、合約等)

rescind an order(撤回命令)、rescind a contract(撤銷合約)

The government eventually rescinded the controversial tax law after mass protests. (在大規模抗議後,政府最終撤銷了那項具爭議的稅法。)

同義詞: revoke, cancel, annul反義詞: enact, enforce, ratify

 The region’s ______ climate, shifting from sunshine to violent storms within hours, made farming extremely unpredictable.

(A) pragmatic(B) judicious(C) capricious(D) benevolent

【解析】

「該地區的_______氣候,在幾小時內從陽光普照轉變為狂暴風雨,使得耕作變得極其難以預測。」

語境中的關鍵字是 shifting(轉變) 以及 unpredictable(難以預測的),這顯示該氣候具有「反覆無常、變化多端」的特性。因此,應填入表示「善變的」之形容詞,故正確答案為: (C) capricious 變化無常的;任性的

(A) pragmatic 務實的;重實效的

 a pragmatic approach(務實的做法)、pragmatic solutions(實際的解決方案)

•       In business, it is often better to take a pragmatic approach rather than a theoretical one. (在商場上,採取務實的做法通常比理論性的做法更好。)

•       同義詞: practical, realistic反義詞: idealistic, impractical

(B) judicious 明智的;審慎而準確的

•       judicious use of resources(明智地利用資源)、a judicious choice(明智的選擇)

•       Through the judicious use of his savings, he was able to buy a house in five years. (透過明智地運用儲蓄,他在五年內買到了一棟房子。)

•       同義詞: wise, sensible, prudent反義詞: imprudent, unwise, rash

(C) capricious 變化無常的;任性的

•       capricious weather(變化無常的天氣)、a capricious child(任性的孩子)

•       The court’s decision seemed capricious, as it ignored several key pieces of evidence. (法院的裁決似乎很草率反覆,因為它無視了幾項關鍵證據。)

同義詞: erratic, fickle, volatile反義詞: stable, consistent, predictable

(D) benevolent 仁慈的;慈善的

a benevolent organization(慈善機構)、benevolent smile(慈祥的微笑)

The billionaire was known for his benevolent nature, donating millions to schools. (這位億萬富翁以仁慈著稱,向學校捐贈了數百萬美元。)

同義詞: kind, charitable, generous反義詞: malevolent, cruel, spiteful

 If you are going to make an official complaint, make sure you have a human resources ______ present during your meeting.

(A) liaison(B) compliance(C) accomplice(D) cooperation

【解析】

「如果你打算提出正式投訴,請確保在會議期間有一位人力資源部的_______在場。」

語境中提到在「正式投訴(official complaint)」的會議中,通常需要一位負責溝通、協調或充當雙方橋梁的人員。在公司組織中,負責此類聯繫、協調職務的人稱為 liaison,故正確答案為: (A) liaison 聯絡人;掮客;(組織間的)聯繫

(A) liaison 聯絡人;聯繫;(私下)往來

•       act as a liaison(充當聯絡人)、a liaison officer(聯絡官)

•       She serves as a liaison between the marketing department and the production team. (她擔任行銷部門與生產團隊之間的聯絡人。)

•       同義詞: intermediary, contact, connection

•       反義詞: alienation, detachment

(B) compliance 順從;服從;(對法規的)遵守

in compliance with(遵守…)、compliance department(合規部門)

The company must ensure full compliance with the new environmental regulations. (公司必須確保完全遵守新的環境法規。)

同義詞: adherence, conformity, obedience

反義詞: defiance, disobedience, violation

(C) accomplice 同謀;幫兇

an unwitting accomplice(無意中的幫兇)、an accomplice to murder(謀殺案的共犯)

•       The police are still searching for the thief’s accomplice who drove the getaway car. (警方仍在搜尋那名駕駛逃亡車輛的竊賊同謀。)

•       同義詞: accessory, partner in crime反義詞: adversary, opponent

(D) cooperation 合作;協作

international cooperation(國際合作)、in cooperation with(與…合作)

This project was completed ahead of schedule thanks to the close cooperation of all members. (由於全體成員的緊密合作,這項專案提前完成了。)

同義詞: collaboration, assistance

反義詞: resistance, competition, conflict

One rude staff member does not accurately represent our entire dedicated team. Please don’t make a ______ about our restaurant based on your bad experience with that one waiter.

(A) generalization(B) characteristic(C) manifestation(D) representation

【解析】

「一名粗魯的員工並不代表我們整個奉獻的團隊。請不要因為您與那名服務員的不愉快經驗,就對我們餐廳做出_______。」

語境中提到「一個(one)」不等於「全部(entire)」,這是在勸告對方不要因為個別案例就推論到整體。在邏輯上,這種「由局部推論到全體」的行為稱為「概括」或「歸納」,故正確答案為: (A) generalization 概括;歸納;以偏概全

(A) generalization 概括;歸納;以偏概全

•       make a sweeping generalization(做籠統的概括)、hasty generalization(草率的歸納/以偏概全)

It is a sweeping generalization to say that all teenagers are lazy.

(說所有青少年都很懶惰是一種過於籠統的概括。)

同義詞: abstraction, induction反義詞: specification, particularization

(B) characteristic 特徵;特性

•       a defining characteristic(定義性的特徵)、personal characteristics(個人特質)

•       Kindness is one of her most defining characteristics. (仁慈是她最明顯的特質之一。)

•       同義詞: feature, trait, attribute

•       反義詞: abnormality, unusualness

(C) manifestation 顯示;表現;表明

a manifestation of…(…的表現)、clinical manifestation(臨床表現)

The riots were a clear manifestation of the people’s anger toward the government. (暴動清楚地表現了人民對政府的憤怒。)

同義詞: demonstration, expression, indication

反義詞: concealment, hiding

(D) representation 代表;代理;表現

visual representation(視覺呈現)、legal representation(法律代理)

The statue is a realistic representation of the ancient king.

(這座雕像是那位古代國王的寫實呈現。)

同義詞: depiction, portrayal, agency

反義詞: falsification, misinterpretation

Despite years of failed trials and relentless criticism, she remained ______, refusing to abandon her research even when funding was withdrawn.

(A) gregarious(B) tenacious(C) volatile(D) lethargic

【解析】「儘管經歷了多年的失敗試驗與無情的批評,她依然_______,即使在資金被撤回的情況下也拒絕放棄她的研究。」

(A) gregarious 愛交際的;群居的

•       a gregarious personality(愛交際的性格)、gregarious animals(群居動物)

•       Lions are gregarious animals that live in groups called prides. (獅子是群居動物,生活在被稱為獅群的群體中。)

•       同義詞: sociable, outgoing, companionable

•       反義詞: solitary, unsociable, reserved

(B) tenacious 頑強的;固執的;不屈不撓的

•       a tenacious grip(緊握不放)、tenacious efforts(不懈的努力)

•       The lawyer was tenacious in his search for the truth. (那名律師在追尋真相的過程中表現得非常頑強。)

•       同義詞: persistent, resolute, dogged

•       反義詞: irresolute, yielding, weak

(C) volatile 易變的;不穩定的;易揮發的

•       a volatile market(波動的市場)、volatile temper(易怒的脾氣)

•       The political situation in the region remains highly volatile. (該地區的政治局勢仍然非常不穩定。)

•       同義詞: unstable, erratic, fickle

•       反義詞: stable, steady, constant

(D) lethargic 昏昏欲睡的;無精打采的

•       feel lethargic(覺得沒精神)、a lethargic economy(停滯不前的經濟)

•       The hot weather made everyone feel lethargic and tired. (炎熱的天氣讓每個人都感到無精打采且疲憊。)

•       同義詞: sluggish, listless, weary

•       反義詞: energetic, animated, vigorous

Heavy fog and unpredictable crosswinds began to ______ the climbers’ progress, forcing them to halt their ascent midway up the mountain.

(A) impede(B) refute(C) abrogate(D) engender

【解析】這是一題關於阻礙與困難描述的動詞辨析題。

句意為:「濃霧與難以預測的側風開始_______登山者的進度,迫使他們在半山腰停止攀登。」

(A) impede 妨礙;阻礙

•       impede progress(阻礙進步)、impede the flow of…(阻礙…的流動)

•       Technical difficulties further impeded the investigation into the accident. (技術困難進一步阻礙了對這起事故的調查。)

•       同義詞: hinder, obstruct, hamper

•       反義詞: facilitate, assist, expedite

(B) refute 反駁;駁斥

•       refute a claim(反駁一項主張)、refute an allegation(駁斥指控)

•       The lawyer provided several documents to refute the witness’s testimony. (律師提供了幾份文件來反駁證人的證詞。)

•       同義詞: disprove, contradict, debunk

•       反義詞: confirm, support, verify

(C) abrogate 廢止;撤銷(法律、協議)

•       abrogate a treaty(廢除條約)、abrogate responsibility(規避/放棄責任)

•       The government decided to abrogate the agreement due to repeated violations. (由於反覆違約,政府決定廢除該協議。)

•       同義詞: annul, revoke, nullify

•       反義詞: institute, ratify, uphold

(D) engender 產生;引起(某種情況或感覺)

•       engender confidence(產生信心)、engender controversy(引起爭議)

•       The new policy was designed to engender a sense of community among employees. (這項新政策旨在讓員工之間產生歸屬感。)

•       同義詞: produce, cause, generate

•       反義詞: stifle, destroy, extinguish

After a formal inquiry confirmed serious misconduct, the board voted to publicly ______ the

executive for breaching ethical standards.

(A) disseminate(B) extol(C) absolve(D) censure

【解析】句意為:「在正式調查確認了嚴重的失職行為後,董事會投票決定對該主管違反道德標準的行為進行公開_______。」

(A) disseminate 散佈;傳播(資訊、觀點等)

disseminate information(傳播資訊)、disseminate ideas(散播思想)

The internet allows us to disseminate information to a global audience instantly. (網路讓我們能立即向全球受眾傳播資訊。)

•       同義詞: circulate, spread, broadcast

•       反義詞: suppress, conceal, collect

(B) extol 讚美;頌揚

•       extol the virtues of…(歌頌…的美德)、extol someone as a hero(讚揚某人為英雄)

Health experts often extol the benefits of a balanced diet and regular exercise. (健康專家經常讚美均衡飲食與規律運動的好處。)

•       同義詞: praise, laud, acclaim

•       反義詞: criticize, condemn, disparage

(C) absolve 宣告無罪;免除(責任、罪過)

absolve someone of/from blame(赦免某人的過錯)、absolve a sin(赦罪)

The report absolved the pilot of any responsibility for the crash. (該報告免除了飛行員對此次墜機事件的任何責任。)

•       同義詞: exonerate, acquit, pardon

•       反義詞: convict, condemn, blame

(D) censure 嚴厲譴責;正式責備

vote to censure(投票表決譴責)、be censured for…(因…受到譴責)

The politician was heavily censured by his colleagues for his inappropriate remarks. (這位政治家因其不當言論而受到同事們的嚴厲譴責。)

•       同義詞: condemn, reprimand, rebuke

•       反義詞: praise, commend, approve

His sudden withdrawal from negotiations, made without consulting advisers, was widely criticized

as ______ and poorly considered.

(A) meticulous(B) impetuous(C) austere(D) fastidious

【解析】句意為:「他突然退出談判,且在未諮詢顧問的情況下做出決定,被廣泛批評為_______且考慮不周。」

(A) meticulous 嚴謹的;一絲不苟的

meticulous attention to detail(對細節的高度關注)、meticulous planning(周密的計畫)

The renovation was done with meticulous care, preserving every original feature. (整修工作做得非常細緻,保留了每一個原始特徵。)

•       同義詞: thorough, painstaking, scrupulous

•       反義詞: careless, sloppy, negligent

(B) impetuous 衝動的;魯莽的

•       an impetuous decision(衝動的決定)、impetuous youth(魯莽的青年)

He later regretted his impetuous decision to quit his job without having another one lined up. (他後來很後悔當初在還沒找好下一份工作前,就衝動地辭職。)

•       同義詞: impulsive, rash, reckless

•       反義詞: cautious, prudent, deliberate

(C) austere 簡樸的;嚴厲的;嚴峻的

an austere lifestyle(簡樸的生活方式)、an austere expression(嚴肅的表情)

The monastery was known for its austere conditions and strict silence. (這間修道院以其艱苦的條件和嚴格的靜默而聞名。)

•       同義詞: ascetic, stern, severe

•       反義詞: luxurious, ornate, indulgent

(D) fastidious 挑剔的;追求完美的

•       be fastidious about cleanliness(對清潔非常挑剔)、a fastidious eater(挑食的人)

•       He is fastidious about his appearance, always making sure his suit is perfectly pressed. (他對外表非常講究,總是確保西裝燙得完美無瑕。)

•       同義詞: finicky, demanding, picky

•       反義詞: easy-going, indifferent, slovenly

While attempting to downplay the misunderstanding, she ______ brought up a past incident that complicated matters further, instantly realizing she had revealed far more than she intended.

(A) incessantly(B) unilaterally(C) inadvertently(D) unassailably

【解析】「在試圖淡化誤會時,她_______提起了過去的一件往事,使問題變得更加複雜,並隨即意識到自己洩漏的內容遠遠超出了原意。」

語境中的關鍵線索是 instantly realizing she had revealed far more than she intended(隨即意識到洩漏的內容超出原意),這表示提起的動作並非刻意,而是「不小心、無意中」發生的。故正確答案為: (C) inadvertently 不慎地;無意中地

(A) incessantly 不斷地;連續地

•       chatter incessantly(喋喋不休)、rain incessantly(雨下個不停)

The noise from the construction site continued incessantly throughout the day. (建築工地的噪音整天不斷地持續著。)

•       同義詞: constantly, perpetually

•       反義詞: intermittently, occasionally

(B) unilaterally 單方面地

•       a unilaterally decision(單方面決定)、unilaterally declare independence(單方面宣布獨立)

•       The country was criticized for unilaterally withdrawing from the international treaty. (該國因單方面退出國際條約而受到批評。)

•       同義詞: independently, one-sidedly

•       反義詞: mutually, collectively

(C) inadvertently 不慎地;無意中地

 inadvertently disclose(不經意透露)、inadvertently omit(疏忽遺漏)

I inadvertently deleted the file while I was cleaning up my hard drive. (我在清理硬碟時,不小心刪掉了那個檔案。)

•       同義詞: accidentally, unintentionally

•       反義詞: deliberately, intentionally

(D) unassailably 無懈可擊地;不容置疑地

unassailably logical(邏輯上無懈可擊)、unassailably true(不容置疑的事實)

The team’s position at the top of the league is now unassailably secure. (該隊在聯賽榜首的地位現在已穩如泰山、不可動搖。)

•       同義詞: indisputably, undeniably

•       反義詞: dubiously, questionably

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